1、Designation: D6197 99 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forClassifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in ElectronicTests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the classifying and counting offaults in spun yarns using capacitance testers.
3、1.1.1 Protruding fibers or yarn hairiness, or both, are notdetermined as part of this method.NOTE 1For measuring protruding fibers or hairiness, or both, refer toGuide D5647.1.2 This test method provides for grading yarns by faultlevel and type.1.3 This test method is applicable to all single or pli
4、ed spunyarns from natural or manufactured fibers or blends of each.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard; the values in inch-pound units are provided asinformation only and are not exact equivalents.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
5、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recogniz
6、ed principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relatin
7、g to TextilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD5647 Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by thePhoto-Electric ApparatusD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For terminology related to yarn test methods refer toTerminology D4849.3.2 The following terms are releva
8、nt to this standard: spunyarn; yarn fault; yarn fault count.3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is passed through the sensing device of aclassifying instrument at a constant speed. The electroniccounting
9、 instrument records the faults and classifies themaccording to their length and relative diameter. The faults forthe most part are in the form of thick places, thin places andneps in yarns spun on various spinning systems.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acc
10、ep-tance testing of commercial shipments of spun yarns byagreement between purchaser and supplier.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and suppliershould conduct comparativ
11、e tests to determine if there is astatistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statisticalassistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As aminimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-mens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lotof material of th
12、e type in question. The test specimens shouldthen be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average result from the two laboratories shouldbe compared using statistical analysis and a probability levelchosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a biasis f
13、ound, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration to the known bias.5.2 Yarn faults are a factor in determining yarn and fabricquality.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
14、Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D619799(2011). DOI:10.1520/D6197-99R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
15、website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United S
16、tatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to
17、Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Apparatus6.1 Electronic Measuring DeviceA capacitance or opticalunit with guide alignment of the yarn in a straight path throughthe measuring zone.6.2 Control UnitA device that supplies the signal tooperate the measuring device and, also in return, receives theregistration
18、signal from the measuring device, stores theinformation received, responds to this information according toa predetermined setup, and outputs computed data at the end ofthe test.6.3 WinderA power driven take-up device equipped witha winding drum of uniform diameter and capable of operatingat constan
19、t take-up speed.6.4 Yarn Tensioning DeviceA unit for the control of theyarn in the measuring zone so that the yarn travels in a straightpath, free from kinks, without stretching the yarn.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleUnless otherwise agreed upon, as whenspecified in an applicable material specification,
20、take a lotsample as directed in Practice D2258.7.1.1 For production test, take lot samples and laboratorysamples in multiples of spindle positions on the tester.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account variability betweensh
21、ipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit, andbetween specimens from a single package to provide a sampling plan witha meaningful producers risk, an acceptable quality level, and a limitingquality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing take suffi-cient packages from ea
22、ch laboratory sample unit to obtain inexcess of 100 000 m of yarn, that may consist of more than onepackage.7.3 Test SpecimenThe test specimen is 100 000 m(100 000 yd) of yarn. The number of metres per package testedis dependent upon the number of testing positions used.7.3.1 When using equipment no
23、t programmed to give indi-vidual package data, consider the lot sample as the testspecimen.8. Conditioning8.1 Preconditioning and conditioning are not required. Atemperature of 21C (70F) and 65 % relative humidity,maintained as constant as possible is recommended. Theconditions at time of testing sh
24、ould be recorded.9. Procedure9.1 Calibrate the testing instrument as prescribed by theinstrument manufacturer.9.2 Make proper selections for material value, yarn number,and the coding plug, if one is used. Review the tables providedby manufacturer for further details.9.3 Set the take-up mechanism to
25、 the speed of travelrecommended by the testers manufacturer. If a nonstandardset-up is used it should be reported.9.3.1 Verify that control unit speed selection is set to thesame speed as the take-up mechanism.9.4 Check the package to ensure that no shipping material orother contaminant is present a
26、nd that no damage is apparent onthe package. If contaminants or damage are detected, selectanother package for testing.NOTE 3Do not separate the length of yarn from the packages prior totesting.9.5 Mount the package on a suitable holder. Thread the freeend of the yarn directly from the package throu
27、gh the instru-ment.9.6 Start the take-up mechanism of the tester.9.7 Test the total predetermined yarn length, that mayrequire more than one package.9.8 Follow the tester instruction manual for operationalprocedures not outlined in this test method.9.9 For testers not equipped with automatic datacal
28、culations, weigh the yarn tested to the nearest 0.001 kg or0.1 oz to determine the length.10. Calculation10.1 For testers not equipped with automatic data output,calculate the yarn fault and express in terms of yarn faults per100 000 m or yarn faults per 100 000 yd using Eq 1 or Eq 2 andEq 3.Nm3kg 3
29、100 000 5 m (1)oz 352.5 3Ne5 yd (2)counter reading 3100 00Tested length m yd!5Yarn faults100 000 myd!(3)where:Nm= yarn number, metric count,Ne= yarn number, English cotton countkg = kilograms, andoz = ounces (pounds/16).11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in thistest meth
30、od. Describe the material or product sampled and themethod of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Yarn number,11.2.2 Type and model of tester,11.2.3 Material setting of tester,11.2.4 Yarn travel speed,11.2.5 Length of specimen tested,11.2.6 Major yarn faults per 100 000 m or y
31、d,11.2.7 Minor yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd,11.2.8 Total yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Single Laboratory Test DataA replicated study wasperformed in a single laboratory using one operator on a singleinstrument to measure four materials. Each material was testedfour ti
32、mes with no cutting. The test results by percent thicknessof yarn diameter are shown in Table 1.D6197 99 (2017)212.2 Critical DifferencesSame instrument.12.2.1 Same SpecimenWhen comparing totals obtainedon the same specimen of yarn by the same operator using aninstrument capable of reading each posi
33、tion independently, orelse results obtained from one position, the difference shouldnot exceed three faults.12.2.2 Different SpecimensTwo fault totals obtained fromdifferent specimens representing the same batch of materialshould be considered different at the 95 % probability level, ifthe smallest
34、value is less than or equal to the tabulated value forb located in Table 2.12.3 Critical DifferencesTwo instruments each capable ofreading each position independently.12.3.1 Same Specimen (Paired Test)Two fault totalsshould be considered different at the approximate 95 % prob-ability level if the di
35、fference exceeds five faults.12.3.2 Different SpecimensTwo fault totals should beconsidered different at the approximate 95 % probability level,if the smallest value is less than or equal to the result obtainedby rounding to the lowest whole number of the tabulated valuefor b found in Table 2 minus
36、10 % of b.12.4 BiasA systematic difference exists between ma-chines capable of reading each position independently andthose that cannot. The difference becomes apparent when thenumber of faults occur frequent enough that more than onefault may appear simultaneously in more than one position. Forthis
37、 reason, comparisons between different instrument manu-facturers is not recommended.13. Keywords13.1 classification; yarn fault count; yarn faults; yarn spunTABLE 1 Results from Repeated Trials for the Conditions Notedon the Same Length of YarnTrial +100 % to 150 % +150 % to +400 % TOTAL FAULTSMATER
38、IAL 1 1 15 4 19Polyester 2 15 4 19318 3 21415 4 9Avg. 15.75 3.75 . . .MATERIAL 2 1 170 42 212Cotton 2 167 44 2113 169 42 2114 165 43 208Avg. 167.75 42.75MATERIAL 3 1 19 4 23Cotton 2 19 5 24320 3 3419 4 2Avg. 19.25 4 . . .MATERIAL 4 1 5 0 5Polyester 2 3 2 535 044 1 5Avg. 4.25 0.75 . . .TABLE 2 Values
39、 of b for Critical Differences in EntanglementCounts, a and b, for Two-Sided Tests at the 95 % ProbabilityLevelAr = a + bbr= a + bbr= a + bbr= a + bb8 0 24 6 3912531811 1 27 7 41 13 55 1914 2 29 8 43 14 57 2016 3 32 9 46 15 60 2119 4 410481662222 5 3611501764 3AIf the observed value of b # the tabul
40、ated value, the two results should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability level.a = the larger of two defect counts, each of which is the total count for allspecimens in a test result and each of which is based on the same number ofspecimens,b = the smaller of the two defect co
41、unts taken as specified for a, andr =a+b.For additional values of a and b please see Table 6 in ASTM D290691.D6197 99 (2017)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are ex
42、pressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revi
43、sed, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you ma
44、y attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United Sta
45、tes. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 99 (2017)4
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