1、Designation: D6200 01 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Cooling Characteristics of Quench Oils byCooling Curve Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the equipment and theprocedure for evaluation of a quenchin
3、g oils quenchingcharacteristics by cooling rate determination.1.2 This test is designed to evaluate quenching oils in anon-agitated system. There is no correlation between these testresults and the results obtained in agitated systems.1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3
4、.1 ExceptionThe values in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices
5、and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Reco
6、m-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn2016)3E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples
7、 ByComparison TechniquesE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 SAE Standards:4AMS 5665 Nickel Alloy Corrosion and Heat Resistant Bars,Forgings and Rings2.3 Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS):5JIS K 2242 - 1980 Heat Treating OilJIS K 6753
8、 - 1977 Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cooling curve, nthe cooling curve is a graphicalrepresentation of the cooling time (t) - temperature (T) re-sponse of the probe (see 7.3). An example is illustrated in PartBofFig. 1.3.1.2 cooling
9、curve analysis, nthe process of quantifyingthe cooling characteristics of a heat treating oil based on thetemperature versus time profile obtained by cooling a pre-heated metal probe assembly (see Fig. 2) under standardconditions.3.1.3 cooling rate curve, nThe cooling rate curve isobtained by calcul
10、ating the first derivative (dT/dt)ofthecooling time - temperature curve. An example is illustrated inPart B of Fig. 1.3.1.4 heat treating oil, na hydrocarbon containingproduct, often derived from petroleum base stock, that is usedto mediate heat transfer between heated metal, such as austen-itized s
11、teel, to control the microstructure that is formed uponcooling and also control distortion and minimize crackingwhich may accompany the cooling process.3.1.5 quench severity, nthe ability of a quenching mediumto extract heat from a hot metal.64. Summary of Test Method4.1 Determine the nickel alloy p
12、robe assemblys coolingtime versus temperature after placing the assembly in a furnace1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.Curren
13、t edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D620001(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D6200-01R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
14、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/w
15、ww.sae.org.5Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 AkasakaMinato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http:/www.jsa.or.ja.6Boyer, H. E. and Cary, P. R., Quenching and Distortion Control, ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH, 1988, p. 162.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations is
17、sued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1and heating to 850 C (1562 F) and then quenching in a heattreating oil. The temperature inside the probe assembly and thecooling times are recorded at selected time intervals to estab-lish a cooling temperature versus
18、time curve. The resultingcooling curve may be used to evaluate quench severity (seeNote 1).NOTE 1For production testing, the furnace temperature of 815 C to857 C (1500 F to 1575 F) may be used.FIG. 1 Typical Temperature/Time and Temperature/Cooling Rate Plots For Test Probe Cooled in a Quenching Oil
19、FIG. 2 Probe Details and General Probe AssemblyD6200 01 (2017)25. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus tem-perature pathway which is directly proportional to physicalproperties such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching ofa metal. The results obtained by this t
20、est may be used as a guidein heat treating oil selection or comparison of quench severitiesof different heat treating oils, new or used.6. Interferences6.1 The presence of water in a heat treating oil has a majoreffect upon the results obtained with this test method. Watercontent of calibration flui
21、ds shall be confirmed by Test MethodD1744. If water is present above 0.01 %, the calibration fluidshall be dried at a minimum temperature of 102C (216F)until Test Method D1744 indicates water content at or below0.01 %.7. Apparatus7.1 FurnaceUse a horizontal or vertical electrical resis-tance tube-ty
22、pe furnace capable of maintaining a constantminimum temperature of 850 C (1562 F) over a heatedlength of not less than 120 mm (4.72 in.) and a probepositioned in the center of the heating chamber. The furnaceshall be capable of maintaining the probes temperature within62.5 C (4.5 F) over the specime
23、n length. The furnace, thatis, the radiant tube heating media, shall be used with ambientatmosphere.7.2 Measurement SystemThe temperature-time measure-ment system shall be a computer based data acquisition systemcapable of providing a permanent record of the coolingcharacteristics of each oil sample
24、 tested, producing a record ofvariation in the test probe assembly of temperature with respectto time, and cooling rate with respect to temperature.7.3 ProbeThe probe shall be cylindrical, having a diam-eter of 12.5 mm 6 0.01 mm (0.492 in. 6 0.0004 in.) and alength of 60 mm 6 0.25 mm (2.362 in. 6 0.
25、01 in.) with a1.45 mm to 1.65 mm (0.057 in. to 0.065 in.) sheathed Type Kthermocouple in its geometric center. The probe shall be madeof a nickel alloy 600 (UNS N06600) purchased to SAESpecification AMS 5665 which has a nominal composition of76.0 % Ni, 15.5 % Cr, 8.0 % Fe, .08 % C, and .25 % max Cu.
26、The probe shall be attached to a support tube with a minimumlength of 200 mm (7.874 in.). The thermocouple sheathing andthe support tube shall be the same material as the probe (seeNote 2). See Fig. 2 for recommended manufacturing details.NOTE 2Care must be taken that the probe specimen is not damag
27、ed assurface irregularities will influence the results of the test.7.4 Transfer MechanismOne of the following shall beused to transfer the heated probe from the furnace to the testfluid.7.4.1 Automated Transfer MechanismThe transfer fromthe furnace to the oil shall be completed within 3.0 s. Immerse
28、the probe in the center, 0 mm to 5 mm (0 in. to 0.197 in.), ofthe heat treating oil container to a depth where there is 50 mm6 2 mm (1.97 in. 6 0.08 in.) of fluid above and below theprobe when quenched. A mechanical stop shall be used forreproducibility of probe placement.7.4.2 Manual TransferIf man
29、ual transfer is used, thesample container shall be equipped with a fixture to ensurecorrect placement in the center of the heat treating oil containerand to the depth defined in 7.4.1. A timer shall be used toensure a maximum transfer time of 3.0 s.7.5 Sample ContainerA container, preferably a damag
30、e-resistant, tall form vessel having an internal diameter of115 mm 6 5 mm (4.528 in. 6 0.197 in.) shall be selected toprovide 50 mL (1.97 in.) of fluid above and below the probewhen quenched. It is recommended that 2000 mL 6 50 mL ofoil be used. The resulting cooling curve will be dependent onthe te
31、mperature rise during the quench and on the total fluidvolume. Therefore, the cooling curve analysis shall be per-formed with the same volume of fluid.7.6 Oil Temperature MeasurementAny temperature detec-tion device may be used that is capable of measuring oiltemperature to within 61 C (1.8 F) durin
32、g drying.7.7 TimerGraduated in seconds and minutes, and may bepart of a computer clock.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Reference Quenching FluidA reference quenchingfluid shall be used for initial and regular system calibration.The primary reference fluid, as described in the WolfsonEngineering Group S
33、pecification7, exhibits the following cool-ing characteristics:Time to cool to 600 C (1112 F) 12 s to 14 sTime to cool to 400 C (752 F) 19 s to 21 sTime to cool to 200 C (392 F) 50 s to 55 sCooling rate, max 47 C to 53 C s (85 F to95 F s)Temperature of the maximum cooling rate 490 C to 530 C (914 F
34、to986 F)Cooling rate at 300 C (572 F) 6 C to 8 C s (10.8 F to14.4 F s)8.1.1 These characteristics are based on quenching a2000 mL 6 50 mL volume of the primary reference fluid in thesample container described in 7.5 according to the procedureoutlined in Section 13.8.1.2 A secondary reference fluid,
35、such as JIS StandardsK 2242 and K 6753, may be used, provided that sufficientstatistical cooling curve testing has been conducted so thatresults are traceable to the six cooling characteristics of theprimary reference fluid.8.1.3 The reference fluids shall be stored in a sealedcontainer when not in
36、use and shall be replaced after 200quenches or two years, whichever is sooner.8.2 Cleaning SolventA hydrocarbon solvent that willevaporate at room temperature, leaving no residue(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.).8.3 Polishing Paper, 600 grit Emery.8.4 Cloth, lintless and absorbent.9. Cleaning
37、and Conditioning9.1 Cleaning Used ProbesWipe probe with a lintless clothor absorbent paper after removal from the oil and prior to7Available from Wolfson Heat Treatment Centre, Aston University, AstonTriangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, England.D6200 01 (2017)3returning to the furnace. (WarningThe probe sha
38、ll alwaysbe considered hot, as temperature below visual hot tempera-tures can still cause injury to the skin (WarningDo not usecleaning solvent near the furnace opening especially withautomated transfer mechanisms.).) A cleaning solvent may beused, but care should be taken that the probe is below 50
39、 C(122 F).9.2 Conditioning New ProbesCondition the probe prior toits initial use with any quenchant by carrying out a minimumof six trial quenches, or a greater number if required to achieveconsistency, using a general purpose hydrocarbon oil. Consis-tency shall mean the last two tests shall have ma
40、ximum coolingrates within 62 % in temperature and cooling rate. Clean theprobe assembly between quenches as specified in 9.1. Quenchthe probe in the reference quenching fluid and check accordingto 12.3. If the probe does not meet the requirements of 12.3,recondition according to 9.3 and then recalib
41、rate again accord-ing to 12.3. Do not use probes that do not meet theserequirements.9.3 Probe ReconditioningThe probe shall be recondi-tioned when the probe calibration according to 12.3 does notmeet the calibration limits, of the reference fluid. Reconditionthe probe by cleaning with emery paper. A
42、lthough coarser320-grit paper may be used for initial cleaning, the final finishshall be provided using 600-grit emery paper. Following thissurface cleaning procedure, the probe shall be quenched untilrepeatable cooling curve results of a reference oil are obtained.9.3.1 An alternative is to recondi
43、tion the probe after everyrun. Before testing a set of heat treating oils, the probe isquenched into the reference fluid after surface conditioning. Ifthe results comply with the limits prescribed for the referencefluid, the probe may be used for further testing. When testing,the probe is cleaned pr
44、ior to each run. After testing of the setof fluids is completed, the probe is quenched into the referencefluid to ensure that it is still within calibration.10. Sampling10.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with 7.5. Ensure thesample is representative of the oil being tested.Aclean and drysample cont
45、ainer shall be used.11. Preparation of Apparatus11.1 Preheat furnace to 850 C 6 2 C (1562 F 6 4 F),(1500 F to 1575 F).11.2 Connect a dry, conditioned, calibrated probe to thetransfer mechanism according to equipment manufacturersinstructions.11.3 Heat fluid to the desired temperature, if productiont
46、esting is being performed or to 40 C 6 1 C (104 F 61.8 F) if the reference quenching fluid is being tested. Con-tinuously agitate the test sample when heating and removestirring mechanism prior to start of test.12. Calibration and Standardization12.1 Probe:12.1.1 Check the accuracy of the probe ther
47、mocouple byattaching a previously calibrated thermocouple to the outersurface of the probe. Locate the tip of the calibrated thermo-couple 30 mm (1.181 in.) from the end of the probe. Heat theprobe and calibrated thermocouple to the selected furnacetemperature of 850 C 6 2 C (1562 F 6 4 F) and allow
48、 toequalize. Compare the outputs of both the furnace and probethermocouples by any calibrated temperature measuring devicecapable of required accuracy as described in SpecificationsE220 and E230.12.1.2 Frequency of Probe CalibrationCalibrate the probeagainst a reference quenching fluid before each s
49、et of test runs.12.2 Equipment CalibrationCalibrate desired recordingmechanism as described in Annex A1.12.3 Total System CalibrationCalibrate the system with areference quenching fluid (see 8.1) following the proceduredescribed in Section 13. Calibrate the system prior to using anew probe for testing and before and after each new set of testruns. The limits of the results obtained on the reference fluidwill be established for each reference fluid prior to use asdescribed in 8.1. The limits shal
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