1、Designation: D 6201 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition EngineFuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine dynamometer testproced
3、ure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation ofunleaded spark-ignition engine fuels.2This test method uses aFord Ranger 2.3 L four-cylinder engine. This test methodincludes detailed information regarding the procedure, hard-ware, and operations.1.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)3is re
4、spon-sible for engine test stand calibration as well as issuance ofinformation letters after test method modifications are ap-proved by Subcommittee D02.A0 and Committee D02. Usersof this test method shall request copies of recent informationletters from the TMC to ensure proper conduct of the testm
5、ethod.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establi
6、sh appro-priate safety and health practices and determine applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning state-ments are given throughout this test method.1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Metho
7、d 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Laboratory Facilities 6.1Engine and Cylinder Head Build-Up and Measurement Area 6.1.1Engine Operating Area 6.1.2Fuel Injector Testing Area 6.1.3Subject SectionIntake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning Area 6.1.4Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing Area 6.1.5Test S
8、tand Laboratory Equipment 6.2Test Stand Configuration 6.2.1Dynamometer Speed and Load Control System 6.2.2Intake Air Supply System 6.2.3Exhaust System 6.2.4Fuel Supply System 6.2.5Engine Control Calibration 6.2.6Ignition System 6.2.7Engine Coolant System 6.2.8External Oil System 6.2.9Temperature Mea
9、surement Equipment and Locations 6.2.10Pressure Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.11Flow Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.12Speed and Load Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.13Exhaust Emissions Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.14DPFE (EGR) Voltage Measurement Equipment and Lo
10、cation 6.2.15Ignition Timing Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.16Test Engine Hardware 6.3Test Engine Parts 6.3.1New Parts Required 6.3.2Reusable Engine Parts 6.3.3Special Measurement and Assembly Equipment 6.4Reagents and Materials 7Hazards 8Reference Fuel 9Preparation of Apparatus 10Test Stand
11、 Preparation 10.1Engine Block Preparation 10.2Preparation of Miscellaneous Engine Components 10.3Cylinder Head Preparation 10.4Cylinder Head Assembly 10.5Cylinder Head Installation 10.6Final Engine Assembly 10.7Calibration 11Test Stand Calibration 11.1Instrumentation Calibration 11.2Procedure 12Pret
12、est Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3End of Test Procedures 12.4Determination of Test Results 13Post-Test Intake Valve Weighing Procedure 13.1Photographs of PartsGeneral 13.2Induction System Rating 13.3Determination of Test Validity-Engine Conforma
13、nce 13.4Report 14Precision and Bias 15Keywords 16AnnexesDetailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A1Engine Part Number Listing Annex A21This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D
14、02.A0 onGasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 620103.2Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02
15、1453.3ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Subject SectionStatistical Equation
16、s for Mean and Standard Deviation Annex A32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvents)D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude
17、Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 381 Test Method for Existent Gum in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D 873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D 1266 Test Method for Su
18、lfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1744 Te
19、st Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent5D 2427 Test Method for Determination of C2Through C5Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas ChromatographyD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluoroscence SpectrometryD 323
20、7 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by AtomicAbsorption SpectrometryD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ign
21、ition EngineFuelD 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D 5059 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by X-ray Spec-troscopyD 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum P
22、rod-ucts (Mini Method)D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions5D 5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum
23、 Prod-ucts (Mini Method - Atmospheric)E 203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE 1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids byCoulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 ANSI Standard:6MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC):7CRC Manu
24、al 16, Carburetor and Induction System RatingManual2.4 SAE Standard:8J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust GasEmissions Measurement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 base fuel, nunleaded automotive spark-ignition en-gine fuel that does not contain a depo
25、sit control additive, butmay contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactiva-tors, dyes, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.3.1.2 blowby, nthe combustion products and unburnedair/fuel mixture that enter the crankcase.3.1.3 deposit control additive, nmaterial added to the basefuel to
26、prevent or remove deposits in the entire engine intakesystem.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFor the purpose of this test method, theperformance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limitedto the tulip area of intake valves.3.1.4 exhaust emissions, ncombustion products from thetest fuel including unburned
27、hydrocarbons (HC), carbon mon-oxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unreacted oxygen (O2), andoxides of nitrogen (NOx).3.1.5 intake system, ncomponents of the engine whosefunction it is to prepare and deliver an air/fuel mixture to thecombustion chamber and includes the throttle, intake manifold,exhaust
28、 gas recirculation (EGR) and positive crankcase venti-lation (PCV) ports, cylinder head runners and ports, intakevalves, and fuel injectors.3.1.6 intake valve deposit, nmaterial accumulated on thetulip area of the intake valve, generally composed of carbon,other fuel, lubricant, and additive decompo
29、sition products, andatmospheric contaminants.3.1.7 test fuel, nbase fuel with or without the addition ofa deposit control additive.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method utilizes a 1994 Ford 2.3 L in-line, fourcylinder, Ford Ranger truck engine with 49 state emissioncalibration. The cylinder
30、block and cylinder head are con-structed of cast iron. The engine features an overhead cam-shaft, a cross-flow, fast burn cylinder head design, and elec-tronic port fuel injection.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
31、. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.7Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 3650 M
32、ansell Road,Suite 140, Alpharetta, GA 30022.8Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.D62010424.2 Each test engine is built to a rigid set of specificationsusing a specially designated intake valve deposit parts kitproduced by the Ford Moto
33、r Co. (see Table A2.3). New,weighed, intake valves are used to rebuild the cylinder head. Astandard engine oil is used for each test and a new oil filter isinstalled. The test engine is subjected to a rigorous qualitycontrol procedure to verify proper engine operation. To ensurecompliance with the t
34、est objective, data acquisition of keyparameters is utilized during test operation.4.3 The complete fuel system is flushed of test fuel from theprevious test. The fuel system is then filled with the new testfuel.4.4 The engine is operated on a cycle consisting of twostages. The first stage comprises
35、 operating the engine at 2000r/min and 30.6 kPa (230 mm Hg) manifold absolute pressurefor 4 min. The second stage comprises operating the engine at2800 r/min and 71.8 kPa (540 mm Hg) manifold absolutepressure for 8 min. Ramp time between each stage is 30 s andis independent of the stage times. The c
36、ycle is repeated for 100h.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test MethodThe Coordinating Research Councilsponsored testing to develop this test method to evaluate afuels tendency to form intake valve deposits.5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and RegulatoryActionRegulatory action by California Air Resourc
37、es Board(CARB)9and the United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA)10necessitate the acceptance of a standardizedtest method to evaluate the intake system deposit formingtendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.5.1.2 Relevance of ResultsThe operating conditions anddesign of the eng
38、ine used in this test method are not represen-tative of all engines. These factors shall be considered wheninterpreting test results.5.2 Test Validity:5.2.1 Procedural ComplianceThe test results are not con-sidered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with allrequirements of this test me
39、thod. Deviations from the param-eter limits presented in Sections 12-14 will result in an invalidtest. Apply engineering judgment during conduct of the testmethod when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of thetest results.5.2.2 Engine ComplianceA test is not considered validunless the test e
40、ngine meets the quality control inspectionrequirements as described in Sections 10 and 12.6. ApparatusNOTE 1Photographs are provided in Annex A1 depicting the requiredapparatus and suggesting appropriate design details.6.1 Laboratory Facilities:6.1.1 Engine and Cylinder Head Build-up and Measurement
41、AreaThe engine and cylinder head build-up and measure-ment area shall be reasonably free from contaminants andmaintained at a uniform temperature 63C (65F) between 10to 27C (50 to 80F).6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe engine operating areashould be relatively free from contaminants. The temperatureand
42、 humidity level of the operating area are not specified. Airfrom a fan can be routed on to the production air intake systemto assist in maintaining intake air temperature control.6.1.3 Fuel Injector Testing AreaThe fuel injector testingarea shall be reasonably free of contaminants. The humidityshoul
43、d be maintained at a uniform comfortable level.(Warning In addition to other precautions, provide adequateventilation and fire protection in areas where flammable orvolatile liquids and solvents, or both, are used.)6.1.4 Intake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning AreaTheintake valve rinsing and parts c
44、leaning area shall be reasonablyfree of contaminants. The humidity should be maintained at auniform comfortable level. Because of the delicate nature ofthe deposits, do not subject the deposits to extreme changes intemperature or humidity. (WarningIn addition to otherprecautions, provide adequate ve
45、ntilation and fire protection inareas where flammable or volatile liquids and solvents, or both,are used.)6.1.5 Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing AreaTheparts rating area and the intake valve weighing area shall bereasonably free of contaminants.6.2 Test Stand Laboratory Equipment:6.2.1 Test St
46、and ConfigurationAn example of a similartest stand configuration is described in Test Method D 5302(Sequence VE lubricant test method) since the same Ford 2.3L base engine is utilized. Mount the engine on the test stand sothat the flywheel friction face is 4.0 6 0.5 from the verticalwith the front o
47、f the engine higher than the rear. The engineshall be coupled directly to the dynamometer through adriveshaft. A test stand set-up kit is detailed in Table A2.1. Aspecial “dynamometer laboratory” wiring harness, Part No.DTSC.260.113.00E is required. Engine driven accessoriesinclude engine water pump
48、 and alternator or idler pulleyconfiguration as detailed in 10.7.9. If an alternator is installed,it is to serve only as an idler pulley; it is not to be energized.6.2.2 Dynamometer Speed and Load Control SystemThedynamometer used for this test is the Midwest 1014, 175horsepower, dry gap dynamometer
49、 or equivalent. Equivalencymeans that the dynamometer and dynamometer control systemshall be capable of controlling the procedural specifications asdetailed in Table 1 and the stage transitions to the specificationsin 13.4.3.1 and 13.4.4.1.6.2.3 Intake Air Supply SystemThe intake air supplysystem shall be capable of controlling moisture content, drybulb temperature, and inlet air pressure as specified in Table 1.See 10.7.8 and Fig. A1.4 for details of connection of thelaboratory intake air system to the engine.6.2.3.1 Intake Air HumidityDetermination of
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