1、Designation: D 6214 98 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Integrity of Field Seams Used in JoiningGeomembranes by Chemical Fusion Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an accelerated, destructive testmethod for ge
3、omembranes in a geotechnical application.1.2 This test is applicable to field fabricated geomembranesthat are scrim reinforced or non reinforced.1.3 This test method is applicable for field seaming pro-cesses that use a chemical fusion agent or bodied chemicalfusion agent, as the seaming mechanism.1
4、.4 Subsequent decisions as to seam acceptance criteria aremade according to the site-specific contract plans, specificationand CQC/CQA documents.1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only
5、.1.6 Hazardous MaterialsAlways consult the proper Ma-terial Safety Data Sheets for any Hazardous materials used forproper ventilation and protection. The use of the oven in thistest method may accelerate fume production from the testspecimen.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesa
6、fety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applicableof regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 413 Test Methods for Rubber Prope
7、rtyAdhesion toFlexible SubstrateD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics2.2 ANSI/NSF Standard:ANSI/NSF Standard 5433. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Ter
8、ms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bodied chemical agent, na chemical fluid containinga portion of the parent geomembrane polymer, that dissolvesthe surface of the geomembrane to be bonded.3.1.2 bodied-chemical fusion seams, nuse of a bodiedchemical agent to dissolve the surfaces of the geomembrane
9、forbonding.3.1.2.1 DiscussionHeat and pressure are commonly usedas part of the bodied chemical fusion process.3.1.3 chemical agent, na chemical fluid that dissolves thesurface of the geomembrane to be bonded.3.1.4 chemical fusion seams, nuse of a chemical agent todissolve the surface of the geomembr
10、ane for bonding.3.1.4.1 DiscussionHeat and pressure are commonly usedas part of the chemical fusion process.3.2 For other terms refer to Terminology D 4439.4. Significance and Use4.1 Significance The increased use of geomembranes asbarrier materials to restrict fluid migration from one location toan
11、other in various applications, and the various types ofseaming methods used in joining geomembrane sheets, hascreated a need to standardize tests by which the various seamscan be compared and the quality of the seam systems can beevaluated. This test method is intended to meet such a need.4.2 UseAcc
12、elerated seam test provides information as tothe status of the field seam. Data obtained by this test methodshould be used with site-specific contract plans, specificationand CQC/CQA documents. This test method is useful forspecification testing and for comparative purposes, but doesnot necessarily
13、measure the ultimate strength that the seammay acquire.5. Apparatus5.1 A testing machine of the constant-rate-of-cross head-movement type comprising essentially of the following:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subc
14、ommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 621498 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
15、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
16、hocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1 Fixed Member A fixed or essentially stationarymember carrying one grip.5.1.2 Movable Member A movable member carrying asecond grip.5.1.3 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen betweenthe fixed member and the movable member and minimizesboth slippage and u
17、neven stress distribution. The grips shall beself-aligning so that they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable member, respectively, in such a manner that they willmove freely into alingment as soon as any load is applied, sothat the long axis of the test specimen will coincide with thedirection
18、of the applied pull through the center line of the gripassembly.NOTE 1Grips lined with thin rubber, crocus-cloth or pressure-sensitive tape as well as file-faced or serrated grips have been successfullyused for many materials. The choice of grip surface will depend on themanterial tested, thickness,
19、 etc.5.1.4 Drive Mechanism A drive mechanism for impartingto the movable member in uniform, controlled velocity withrespect to the stationary member. Unless otherwise specified inthe material specification, the mechanism shall be capable ofand adjusted so that the movable member shall have a uniform
20、speed of 50 mm/min, (2 in. min), 300 mm/min (12 in./min),and 500 mm/min (20 in./min.)5.1.5 Load Indicator A suitable load-indicating mecha-nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by thetest specimen when held by the grips. This mechanism shall beessentially free of inertia lag at the
21、specified rate of testing andshall indicate the load with an accuracy of 6 1 % of theindicated value or better.5.1.6 Extension Indicator (Extensometer) (If Employed)Asuitable instrument shall be used for determining the distancebetween two designated points within the gage length of thetest specimen
22、 as the specimen is stretched and shall conform torequirements specified in Test Method D 638.5.2 OvenAn oven of sufficient size to hold a rack con-taining at least three 30 cm (12 in.) wide test strip samples foraccelerated curing is necessary. The oven should be a forcedconvection oven and must be
23、 capable of maintaining a tem-perature of 50C (122F) 6 3C (6F) for at least 16 h.5.3 RockA rack for holding and positioning the test striphorizontally or vertically in an oven is necessary. The samplesmust be separated from one another so that the air is free tomove completely around the samples wit
24、hout obstruction toallow for dissipation of vapors.6. Materials6.1 The geomembrane material (reinforced or non rein-forced) shall be capable of being bonded to itself by one of themethods described in Section 3 according to the geomembranemanufacturers recommendations and instructions.7. Sampling, T
25、est Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Trial Seam SampleA representative seam from eachseaming crew, fabricated from the same sheet material, andusing the same seaming methods as those recommended by thegeomembrane frabricator, installer or sheet manufacturer, or allof these, will be used for this test me
26、thod.7.1.1 The trial seam sample shall be no loss than 3 m (10 ft)in length for this method.7.1.2 For non reinforced geomembranes, cut five, 1 in. (25mm) wide specimens for shear and five, 1 in. (25 mm) widespecimens for peel testing from the trial seam sample after thesample has been cured in accor
27、dance with Section 8.7.1.3 For reinforced geomembranes, cut five, 4 in. (100mm) wide specimens for shear and five, in in. (25 mm) widespecimens for peel testing from the trial seam sample after thesample has been cured in accordance with Section 8.7.1.4 Frequency of trial seams and sampling location
28、swithin trial seams should be determined in accordance with thesite-specific contract documents.7.2 Field Seam SampleCut a 300 mm (12 in.) long nonreinforced or a 1200 mm (48 in.) long reinforced section of thefabricated seam from the installed lining for this test method.7.2.1 For non reinforced ge
29、omembranes cut five, 1 in. (25mm) wide specimens for shear and five, 1 in. (25 mm) widespecimens for peel testing from the field seam sample after thesample is cured in accordance with Section 8.7.2.2 For reinforced geomembranes cut five, 4 in. (100 mm)wide specimens for shear and five, 1 in. (25 mm
30、) widespecimens for peel testing from the field seam sample after thesamples is cured in accordance with Section 8.NOTE 2Specimens that will be subjected to peel and shear test shallbe alternately selected from the sample and labeled ash show in Fig. 1.7.3 The field seam sample should be wide enough
31、 (approxi-mately 12 in.) (30 cm) to accomodate peel and shear testing asin 9.1 and 9.2.7.4 Allow the field seam sample to cure or age properly (seeSection 8) before testing.7.5 Field seam sample sizes may be modified according tothe site-specific contract plans, specification and CQC/CQAdocuments.7.
32、6 Location, frequency and patching requirements for fieldscam sample areas are determined in accordance with site-specific contract documents.FIG. 1 Seam SampleD 6214 98 (2008)27.7 Values, nThe values stated in SI units are to beregarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parenthe-ses are fo
33、r information only.8. Conditioning and Curing8.1 Test Method A: Standard CuringFor lab curing,samples are to be conditioned for a minimum of 40 h atstandard atmosphere for testing geosynthetics of a relativehumidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 6 2C(70 6 4F). For field testing applicat
34、ions the ambient tempera-ture and humidity shall be recorded, conditioning and test shallbe performed at a minimum of 18C (65F) air temperature.8.2 Test Method B: Accelerated CuringSamples are to bequick cured by placing the samples into an air oven at 50 62C (122F 6 4F) for 16 6 2h. Samples to be c
35、onditioned atambient temperatures for approximately 1 h prior to placing inoven.8.3 Test Method C: Accelerated CuringSamples are to bequick cured by placing the samples into an air oven at 70 62C (158 6 4F)for 4 h minimum (5 h maximum). Samples tobe conditioned at ambient temperature for approximate
36、ly 1 hprior to placing in oven.NOTE 3Heavier gages of material (that is, 60 mil and up) may requirelongr time frames to quick cure. User should evaluate the results to ensurea proper weld is achieved. If not, this test method is not to be used andrefer to Test Method B.NOTE 4Method of curing shall b
37、e chosen in accordance with thesite-specific contract documents.8.4 The samples are placed either horizontally on racks orvertically suspended so that the strips are supported in amanner where the air is free to move completely around thesamples without obstruction.9. Destructive Test Methods9.1 Pee
38、l Testing Use Method A of Test Method D 413using a minimum of five 25 mm (1 in.) wide specimens, withthe grips positioned no less than 13 mm (0.5 in) on either sideof the start of seam bond, and a constant cross head speed of 50mm/min (2 in./min). The seams overlap length shall be asfabricated in th
39、e field. Fully support the test specimen withinthe grips across the width of the specimen.9.2 Shear Testing:9.2.1 Non Reinforced Sheet MaterialsFollow Test MethodD 882 using a minimum of five 25 mm (1 in.) wide specimensfor non reinforced materials. Grip separation at the beginningof the test should
40、 be 50 mm (2 in.) plus the seam width. Theseam is to be centered between the clamps, and cross headspeed shall be 500 6 0.2 mm/m (20 6 0.5 in./min).9.2.2 Reinforced Sheet MaterialsThe following procedureas outlined in Test Method D 751 and modified in ANSI/NSFStandard 54 shall be used: prepare a min
41、imum of 5 to 100 mm(4 in.) wide specimens for reinforced sheet materials with thefield seams at the center of the test specimen and perpendicularto the center line. Grip separation at the beginning of the testshall be 150 mm (6 in.) plus the seam width. The seam is to becentered between the clamps.
42、Cross head speed should be 3006 0.2 mm/min (126 0.5 in/min). The clamped width for eachgrip should be 25.4 mm (1 in.).9.3 Record the maximum load applied to the specimen atbreak or separation.NOTE 5The term at break in reinforced materials applies to the pointat which scrim is visible across the spe
43、cimen.10. Procedure10.1 Sample Preparation and Incubation:10.1.1 Obtain sample in accordance with Section 7.10.1.2 If using accelerated curing methods, place sample(s)into oven (oven requirements in accordance with Section 8).10.1.3 Remove sample(s) from oven, condition sample(s) atambient temperatu
44、re of field conditions for 30 min. (See Note4.)10.1.4 Cut specimens from samples in accordance withSection 7.10.1.5 Test specimens in accordance with Section 9.NOTE 6Ambient temperatures may vary in field applications. Allvariances should be recorded on final records or per job specification.Decisio
45、ns of variance are made according to the site-specific contractplans, specification and CQC/CQA documents.11. Report11.1 Report at a minimum the following information:11.1.1 Complete identification of the geomembrane system,including type of polymer, and thickness, reinforced or non-reinforced sheet
46、ing, sample location, sample identification,seaming method, ambient and membrane temperatures.11.2 Suggested other parameters to be included in thereport:11.2.1 Complete identification of the sampling procedureand conditioning method but not limited to the sample type,sample location, sample identif
47、ication, seaming technique,seam width, and date of fabrication of field seams, fabricatoridentification, and curing method used.11.2.2 Type of tensile machine used, grip separation, crosshead speed, grip surface texture, grip dimensions, and grippressure.11.2.3 Type of failure in the peel and shear
48、tests, that is,within the chemical fusion system, within the sheet material,clamp edge, or seam edge, for each individual specimen.12. Precision and Bias12.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof this test method since it merely refers to available destruc-tive test methods that
49、could be used in determining the qualityof bonded seams. Precision should be based on the respectivetest method used.D 6214 98 (2008)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tec
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