ASTM D6217-2018 red 1250 Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration.pdf

1、Designation: D6217 11 (Reapproved 2016)D6217 18Designation: 415/98Standard Test Method forParticulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels byLaboratory Filtration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig

2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of

3、 particulate contamination in a middle distillate fuel by filtration.This test method is suitable for all No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396, D975, D2880 and D3699 and for grades DMAand DMB in Specification D2069.1.2 This test method is not suitable for fuels whose flash point as determin

4、ed by Test Methods D56, D93 or D3828 is less than38 C.NOTE 1Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38 C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filteredthrough inadequately bonded or grounded membrane filter systems. See Test Methods D2276 and D545

5、2 for means of determining particulatecontamination in Specification D1655 aviation turbine fuels and other similar aviation fuels. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of staticelectricity formation and discharge.1.3 This test method has not been validated for testing biodiesel, such as m

6、eeting Specification D6751 or blends of middledistillates and biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D7467, or both. Test Method D7321 has been determined to be suitable fortesting B100 and all blends of middle distillates and biodiesel.NOTE 2No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396 or D975 c

7、urrently allow up to 5%5 % biodiesel meeting Specification D6751. Samplescontaining biodiesel can result in partial dissolution or compromise of the membrane filters and give erroneous results.1.4 The precision of this test method is applicable to particulate contaminant levels between 0 gm3 to 25 g

8、m3 provided that1 L samples are used and the 1 L is filtered completely. Higher levels of particulate contaminant can be measured, but are subjectto uncertain precision.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 T

9、his standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior

10、to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barrier

11、s to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent Wat

12、er1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability Stability, Cleanliness and CleanlinessCompatibility of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016July 1,

13、 2018. Published January 2017July 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 asD6217 11.D6217 11 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D6217-11R16.10.1520/D6217-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or

14、g. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit

15、may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at

16、the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2069 Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)3D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel

17、 by Line SamplingD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for KerosineD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in P

18、etroleum Fuel SystemsD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD7321 Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodi

19、esel Blends byLaboratory FiltrationD7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bond, vto connect two parts of a system electrically by means of a conductive wire to eliminate voltage differences.3.1.2 ground, vvtto connect electrically with

20、 earth.ground (earth).3.1.3 membrane filter, na porous article of closely controlled pore size through which a liquid is passed to separate matter insuspension.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 control membrane, nthe lower of the two stacked membrane filters used in this test

21、method.3.2.2 filtered flushing fluids, neither of two solvents, heptane or 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, filtered through a nominal 0.45 mmembrane filter.3.2.3 test membrane, nthe upper of the two stacked membrane filters used in this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Ameasured volume of about 1 L

22、of fuel is vacuum filtered through one or more sets of 0.8 m membranes. Each membraneset consists of a tared nylon test membrane and a tared nylon control membrane. When the level of particulate contamination islow, a single set will usually suffice; when the contamination is high or of a nature tha

23、t induces slow filtration rates, two or moresets may be required to complete filtration in a reasonable time.4.2 After the filtration has been completed, the membranes are washed with solvent, dried, and weighed. The particulatecontamination level is determined from the increase in the mass of the t

24、est membranes relative to the control membranes, and isreported in units of g/m3 or its equivalent mg/L.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is the first ASTM standard test method for assessing the mass quantity of particulates in middle distillate fuels. TestMethod D5452 and its predecessor Test Method

25、D2276 were developed for aviation fuels and used 1 gal or 5 L of fuel sample.Using 1 gal of a middle distillate fuel, which can contain greater particulate levels, often required excessive time to complete thefiltration. This test method used about a quarter of the volume used in the aviation fuel m

26、ethods.5.2 The mass of particulates present in a fuel is a significant factor, along with the size and nature of the individual particles,in the rapidity with which fuel system filters and other small orifices in fuel systems can become plugged. This test methodprovides a means of assessing the mass

27、 of particulates present in a fuel sample.5.3 The test method can be used in specifications and purchase documents as a means of controlling particulate contaminationlevels in the fuels purchased. Maximum particulate levels are specified in several military fuel specifications.6. Apparatus6.1 Filtra

28、tion SystemArrange the following components as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 Funnel and Funnel Base, with filter support for a 47 mm diameter membrane, and locking ring or spring action clip.6.1.2 Ground/Bond Wire, 0.912 mm to 2.59 mm (No. 10 through No. 19) bare stranded flexible, stainless steel or copper

29、installed in the flasks and grounded as shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 3The electrical bonding apparatus described in Test Method D5452 or other suitable means of electrical grounding which ensure safe operation3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D6217 182of t

30、he filtration apparatus and flask can be used. If the filtrate is to be subsequently tested for stability it is advisable not to use copper as copper ionscatalyze gum formation during the stability test.6.1.3 Receiving Flask, 1.5 Lor larger borosilicate glass vacuum filter flask, which the filtratio

31、n apparatus fits into, equipped witha sidearm to connect to the safety flask.6.1.4 Safety Flask, 1.5 L or larger borosilicate glass vacuum filter flask equipped with a sidearm to connect the vacuum system.Afuel and solvent resistance rubber hose through which the grounding wire passes shall connect

32、the sidearm of the receiving flaskto the tube passing through the rubber stopper in the top of the safety flask.6.1.5 Vacuum System, either a water aspirated or a mechanical vacuum pump may be used if capable of producing a vacuumof 1 kPa to 100 kPa below atmospheric pressure when measured at the re

33、ceiving flask.6.2 Other Apparatus:6.2.1 Air Ionizer, for the balance case. Air ionizers shall be replaced within one year of manufacture.NOTE 4When using a solid-pan balance, the air ionizer may be omitted provided that, when weighing a membrane filter, it is placed on the pan sothat no part protrud

34、es over the edge of the pan.6.2.2 Analytical Balance, single- or double-pan, the precision standard deviation of which must be 0.07 mg or less.6.2.3 Crucible Tongs, for handling clean sample container lids.6.2.4 Drying Oven, naturally convected (without fan-assisted air circulation), controlling to

35、90 C 6 5 C.6.2.5 Flushing Fluid Dispenser, an apparatus for dispensing flushing fluid through a nominal 0.45 m membrane filter.4NOTE 5An apparatus such as pictured in Fig. 2 has been found suitable for this task. A standard laboratory wash bottle can also be used providedthe flushing fluid is pre-fi

36、ltered through a 0.45 m pore size membrane filter and precautions are taken to maintain appropriate cleanliness of the interiorof the wash bottle6.2.6 Forceps, approximately 12 cm long, flat-bladed, with non-serrated, non-pointed tips.6.2.7 Graduated Cylinders, to contain at least 1 L of fluid and m

37、arked at 10 mL intervals. 100 mL graduated cylinders may berequired for samples which filter slowly.6.2.8 Petri Dishes, approximately 12.5 cm in diameter, with removable glass supports for membrane filters.NOTE 6Small watch glasses, approximately 5 cm to 7 cm in diameter, have also been found suitab

38、le to support the membrane filters.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Socie

39、ty, wheresuch specifications are available.5 Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficient purityto permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, references to water mean reagent water

40、 as defined by Type III of SpecificationD1193.7.3 Flushing Fluids:4 Supporting data (a membrane approval procedure) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research ReportRR:D02-1012. Contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.5 Reagent Chemicals, A

41、merican Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalForm

42、ulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.FIG. 1 Schematic of Filtration SystemD6217 1837.3.1 Heptane, (WarningFlammable.)7.3.2 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isoctane), (WarningFlammable.)7.4 Propan-2-ol (2-propanol; isopropyl alcohol), (WarningFlammable.)7.5 Liquid or Powder Deterg

43、ent, water-soluble, for cleaning glassware.7.6 Nylon Test Membrane Filters, plain, 47 mm diameter, nominal pore size 0.8 m.7.7 Nylon Control Membrane Filters (see Note 7), 47 mm diameter, nominal pore size 0.8 m.NOTE 7Membrane filters with a grid imprinted on their surface, may be used as control me

44、mbrane filters for identification.7.8 Protective Cover, polyethylene film or clean aluminum foil.8. Preparation of Apparatus and Sample Containers8.1 Clean all components of the filtration apparatus, sample containers, their caps and petri dishes as described in 8.1.1 8.1.7.8.1.1 Remove any labels,

45、tags, and so forth.8.1.2 Wash with warm tap water containing detergent.8.1.3 Rinse thoroughly with warm tap water.8.1.4 Rinse thoroughly with reagent water. Container caps should be handled only externally with clean laboratory crucibletongs during this and subsequent washings.8.1.5 Rinse thoroughly

46、 with propan-2-ol that has been filtered through a 0.45 m membrane filter.8.1.6 Rinse thoroughly with filtered flushing fluid and dry.8.1.7 Keep a clean protective cover (the cover may be rinsed with filtered flushing fluid), over the top of the sample containeruntil the cap is installed. Similarly

47、protect the funnel opening of the assembled filtration apparatus with a clean protective coveruntil ready for use.FIG. 2 Apparatus for Filtering and Dispensing Flushing FluidD6217 1849. Sampling9.1 The sample container shall be 1 L (60.15 L) in volume and have a screw on cap. Glass containers are pr

48、eferred to facilitatea visual inspection of the contents and the container before and after filling. Glass containers also allow for visual inspection ofthe container, after the sample is emptied, to confirm complete rinsing of the container. Epoxy lined sample cans,polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bo

49、ttles, and high density linear polyethylene bottles have also been found suitable as samplecontainers but are less desirable since visual inspection of the interior of the container is more difficult. (WarningIt is importantto note that the entire contents of the sample container are filtered during the conduct of this test method. This includes not onlyall of the fuel but also all rinsings of the interior of the container with flushing fluid. Because of this, take care to protect the samplefrom any external contamination.)9.2 All contain