ASTM D6255 D6255M-2005 Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates《钢或铝有槽角度装货箱的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D 6255/D 6255M 05Standard Specification forSteel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6255/D 6255M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication ofnew reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use ascontain

3、ers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweightairframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceed-ing 3000 lb 1361 kg for domestic or overseas air and surfaceshipments.1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on itsfabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes,

4、and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. Thisspecification, however, does not cover slotted angle crateperformance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, andstorage conditions.1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniquesare acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the r

5、esulting pack-aging systems shall be of equal or better performance thanwould result from the use of these specified materials andprocedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified inPractice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative proce-dures and criteria.1.4 The values stated in either inc

6、h-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systemsmay result in nonconforma

7、nce with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app

8、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 109/A 109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25Maximum Percent), Cold-RolledA 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galva-nized) Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA 924/A 924M Specification

9、for General Requirements forSteel Sheet, Mettalic-Coated by the Hot-Dip ProcessB 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum AlloySheet and PlateB 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and SteelD 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 1990 Practice for

10、Establishing Allowable Properties forVisually-Graded Dimension, Lumber from In-Grade Testsof Full-Size SpecimensD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD 3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and SealsD 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 4727/D 4727M Sp

11、ecification for Corrugated and SolidFiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut ShapesD 6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-ers and PalletsF 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners, Nails, Spikes,and StaplesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (S

12、I): The Modern Metric System2.2 Federal Specifications:TT-W-572 Wood Preservative: Water-Repellent32.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)PS1-95 Construction and Industrial Plywood42.4 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Standards:B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws

13、(Inch Series)5B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)5B18.2.3.5M Metric Hex Bolts5B18.2.4.1M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 15B18.2.4.2M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 251This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipp

14、ingContainers, Crates, Pallets, Skids, and Related StructuresCurrent edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6255/D 6255M 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer

15、 Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section, Suite8100, 480 LEnfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 20408.4Available from National

16、Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.5Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47thSt., New York, NY 10017; American National Standard (ANSI) adopted.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B

17、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B18.5 Round Head Bolts (Inch Series)5B18.5.2.2M Metric Round Head Square Neck Bolts52.5 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association:HPVA HP-1-1994 Hardwood and Decorative Plywood62.6 National Motor Freight Traffc Association:National Motor Freight

18、 Classification72.7 Uniform Classification Committee Standard:Uniform Freight Classification82.8 American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Standard:Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual92.9 International StandardsISPM Publication #153. Terminology3.1 Definitions General definitions for packaging anddistrib

19、ution environments are found in Terminology D 996.4. Classification4.1 Type:4.1.1 Type IOpen.4.1.2 Type IIFully-enclosed or sheathed with solid mate-rial.4.2 Class:4.2.1 Class 1Outside or indeterminate storage.4.2.2 Class 2Inside or protected storage.4.3 Style:4.3.1 Style AWithout skids or rubbing s

20、trips.4.3.2 Style BWith skid blocks or skids with rubbing stripsand provisions for forklift truck handling.5. Ordering Information5.1 Purchasers should select the preferred permitted optionsand include the following information in procurement docu-ments:5.1.1 Specification title, number, and date.5.

21、1.2 Crate type, class, and style (see Section 4).5.1.3 Box inside dimensions specified in order of length bywidth by depth.5.1.4 Whether sanded plywood is required (see 6.1.5).5.1.5 Type sheathing required (see 7.6.1).5.1.6 Whether full-length skids are required (see 7.7.3.2).5.1.7 Special features

22、(see 7.9).5.1.8 Marking panel size (see 7.10.1).5.1.9 Whether crates are to be shipped assembled or disas-sembled (see 8.1).5.1.10 Bolt and nut quantities required (see 6.1.2).5.1.11 If self-locking nuts are required (see 6.1.2).5.1.12 Whether other construction methods or techniquesare acceptable a

23、nd permitted (see 1.3).5.1.12.1 Whether proof that other construction methods ortechniques are acceptable (see 1.3) is required.5.1.13 All wood packaging materials must be ISPM Publi-cation 15 compliant.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 MaterialsIt is encouraged that recycled material beused when prac

24、tical. All recovered, recycled, or virgin mate-rials used in crate manufacture shall meet the requirements ofthis specification and referenced documents. In addition, ma-terials shall not affect or be affected by the product beingpacked.6.1.1 Slotted Metal AngleSlotted metal angle shall con-form to

25、the Supplemental Requirements of this specification.6.1.1.1 Slotted Angle Surface FinishSteel for Class 1crates shall have a Class 3 surface finish (S4.7.1.3) applied.Steel for Class 2 crates shall have a Class 1 or 2 surface finish(S4.7.1.1 or S4.7.1.2) applied. Aluminum slotted angle shallrequire

26、no additional finish.6.1.2 Nuts and Bolts Nuts and bolts used to assemble theslotted angle shall be of hardened steel and zinc plated aftermachining. All other bolts and nuts shall be zinc-coated andconform to ASME B18.5 (B18.5.2.2M)orB18.2.1(B18.2.3.5M), for bolts; and, B18.2.2 (B18.2.4.1M), for nu

27、ts.6.1.2.1 The slotted angle bolts shall be minimum516-in.8-mm shank diameter,58-in. 16-mm length for Types I, II,and IV, and34-in. for Type III and916-in. 14-mm hexagonhead. Bolts shall have an unthreaded load bearing shoulder toprevent shearing action on the threads. Bolts shall conform toASME B18

28、.2.1 (B18.2.3.5M).6.1.2.2 The slotted angle nuts shall be prevailing torque,hexagon, self-locking, to prevent loosening after extendedstorage/handling and vibration during shipment. The516-in.8-mm nuts shall be 0.551 to 0.564-in. 13.99 to 14.33-mmacross the flats (width). Other size nuts shall be916

29、 in. 14 mmacross the hexagon flats. Nuts shall conform to ASME B18.2.2(B18.2.4.2M).6.1.3 StrappingSteel strapping used for banding or ten-sion braces shall conform to Practice D 3953, Type I, zinc-coated.6.1.4 Wood Members Wood used for skids, rubbing strips,load-bearing members, blocking and bracin

30、g, and all otherwooden components shall conform to the applicable PracticeD 6199, Group II, III or IV woods structural class and shallconform to commercial standards in accordance with PracticeD 1990.6.1.5 PlywoodPlywood for Class 1 crates shall conformto ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994, Type I, Grade 3-4; NIST

31、 PS1-95,Interior with Exterior Glue; or, NIST PS1-95, Exterior, GradeC-C. Plywood for Class 2 crates shall conform to ANSI/HPVAHP-1-1994, Type II, Grade 3-4; or, NIST PS1-95, Interior,Grade C-D. Plywood shall have no defects (knot holes, wormholes, etc.) extending through the panel. Unless otherwise

32、specified, plywood shall be finished unsanded (see 5.1.4).6.1.6 Wood PreservativeWood or plywood componentsshall be treated in accordance with TT-W-572, or a commercialequivalent.6Available from Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, P.O. Box 2789,Reston, VA 220900789; American National Standards

33、Institute (ANSI) adopted.7Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, American TruckingAssociations, 2200 Mill Road, Alexandria, VA 22314.8Available from the Uniform Classification Committee, Tariff Publishing Of-ficer, 151 Ellis St., N.E., Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30335.9Available from

34、 the American Iron and Steel Institute, ATTN: PublicationOrders, P.O. Box 4327, Chestertown, MD 21690.D 6255/D 6255M 0526.1.7 FiberboardFiberboard used for sheathing shall con-form to Specification D 4727/D 4727M, Type SF,ClassWeather-Resistant, Grades V2s, V3s, or V4s.6.1.8 Sheet Steel Steel used f

35、or marking panels shallconform to Specification A 109/A 109M.6.1.9 NailsNails used to secure top sheathing shall becement-coated or chemically-etched common or box nailsconforming to Specification F 1667.7. Construction7.1 Slotted Angle Member SelectionSlotted angle selec-tion shall be based on crat

36、e size and load weight. Tables 1-3shall be used as a guide for slotted angle selection.7.2 Member Splicing Steel or aluminum componentsshall be continuous lengths. When splicing is necessary, fourbolts (minimum) shall be used to secure a lap splice and eightbolts (minimum) shall be used to secure a

37、butt splice, as shownin Fig. 1.7.3 Cutting Slotted Angle:7.3.1 All Members Members shall be cut at 3-in. 76-mmincrements to utilize the slot and hole pattern properly. Aftercutting, members shall be trimmed to the required length.7.3.2 Diagonal Members When cutting of diagonals isrequired, the wide

38、flange of the angle can be cut on a miter toprovide maximum contact area and positive bolting locations.7.4 Construction One slotted metal angle crate shall havesix faces (two sides, two ends, one top, and one base). Eachface shall be rectangular in shape and consist of one or morepanels. A panel is

39、 an area bounded by slotted metal anglemembers. Normally, the sides are constructed and the ends,top, and base are used to hold the sides together.7.4.1 AssemblySlotted metal angle shall be assembledwith bolts of the same diameter for which the slotted metalangle was intended or designed. Bolts and

40、nuts shall be drawntight to secure against loosening. Bolts and nuts shall be asspecified in 6.1.2.7.4.2 BracesAll panels shall have either diagonal bracesor steel strapping braces for support.7.4.2.1 Diagonal Braces Diagonal brace placement isshown in Fig. 2. All diagonal braces shall be installed

41、tomaximize utilization of the round holes in the metal angle.7.4.2.2 Full Diagonal BracesFull diagonal braces shallextend from one corner diagonally across to the other corner ofthe panel being braced. The braces shall be installed as close aspossible to the angle apex and shall be secured at each e

42、nd withone bolt (minimum).7.4.2.3 Short or Corner BracesShort or corner bracesshall be placed in each panel corner being braced and securedat each end with one bolt (minimum). The braces shall beinstalled at a 45 angle or as close to that angle as possible.7.4.2.4 Steel Strapping BracesFlat steel st

43、rapping placedin tension in full cross or “X” braces (Fig. 3) may be used whenvertical frame or other crate members interfere with diagonalbrace placement, or when it is determined that this type ofbracing meets minimum bracing requirements. Steel strappingshall not be less than 114-in. 32-mm wide b

44、y 0.032-in.0.8-mm thick and shall comply with 6.1.3. The bolt holes inthe strapping shall be drilled or die punched and shall be nolarger than required for the bolt. The bolt hole shall be placedin the center of the strap and shall not be closer than half thestrap width to the end.7.4.3 Structural J

45、ointsHorizontal, vertical, and lateralmembers ends shall be bolted together to form the corner jointsas shown in Fig. 4. Intermediate vertical, horizontal, andintermediate lateral members shall be bolted together toconstruct the joints as illustrated in Fig. 1. Additional verticalor horizontal membe

46、rs, which are provided for shock andvibration mounts, shall be secured using two bolts (minimum)in the slotted angle wide flange and one bolt in the narrowTABLE 1 Slotted Angle Steel Beam Load CapacityASlotted Angle Steel12-Gage, 0.105-in. 2.7-mm112 by 3-in.38 by 76-mmBeam Length ft mm23456600 900 1

47、200 1500 1800Recommended Loadlb kg1450658980445740336500227350159Recommended Loadlb kg4500204131001406210095312005441000454Recommended Loadlb kg10400471775003402530024044350197335001588Recommended Loadlb kg15507031000454760345580263490222Slotted Angle Steel14-Gage, 0.075-in. 1.9-mm112 by 214-in.38 b

48、y 57-mmBeam Length ft mm23456600 900 1200 1500 1800Recommended Loadlb kg126057285038661027740018120091Recommended Loadlb kg2400108917007711150522820372625284Recommended Loadlb kg51902354335015202700122521009531700771Recommended Loadlb kg800363510231390177300136250113Slotted Angle Steel14-Gage, 0.075

49、-in. 1.9-mm112 by 112-in.38 by 38-mmBeam Length ft mm3456900 1200 1500 1800Recommended Loadlb kg4952252701231908614566Recommended Loadlb kg59026839517929513419086Recommended Loadlb kg13356061035470690313540245ATable 1 is usable for slotted angle steel with flange dimensions that are 618 in.63 mm the flange sizes stated.D 6255/D 6255M 053flange.