ASTM D6256 D6256M-2010 0000 Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Shipping Boxes and Skidded Load-Bearing Bases《木楔固定的运货箱和滑动搬运底盘的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D6256/D6256M 10Standard Specification forWood-Cleated Shipping Boxes with Skidded, Load-BearingBases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6256/D6256M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases. Boxes c

3、overedby this specification are designed for nonregulated domesticand overseas shipment of loads less than 2500 lb 1134 kg andnot greater than 16 ft 4877 mm in length (see 9.1). Regulatedcommodities shipments may require better boxes than thosespecified herein (see 9.2).1.2 The performance of wood-c

4、leated boxes with skidded,load-bearing bases is dependent on their fabricated compo-nents; therefore, a variety of types, styles, and classes reflectingvaried performance are specified. This specification, however,does not cover box performance under all atmosphere, han-dling, shipping and storage c

5、onditions.1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniquesare acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.18), the resulting pack-aging systems shall be of equal or better performance thanwould result from the use of these specified materials andprocedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specifi

6、ed inPractice D4169 can be used to develop comparative proceduresand criteria.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefor

7、e, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is there

8、sponsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3951 Practice for Commercial

9、PackagingD3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and SealsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat StrappingMaterialsD4727/D4727M Specification for Corrugated and SolidFiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Sh

10、apesD6039/D6039M Specification for Open and Covered WoodCratesD6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-ers and PalletsD6251/D6251M Specification for Wood-Cleated Panel-board Shipping BoxesD6253 Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of WoodPackaging MaterialsF1667 Specification for Drive

11、n Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,and StaplesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) Stan-dard:3P36 Standard for Copper Naphthenate (CuN)P37 Standard for Oxine Copper (Copper 8-Quinolinolate)(Cu8)2.3

12、Code of Federal Regulations:4CFR Parts 107180 Title 49, Hazardous Materials Regula-tions1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on ShippingContainers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures.Current

13、 edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6256/D6256M 99(2005). DOI: 10.1520/D6256_D6256M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.

14、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), P.O. Box361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Docume

15、nts,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.4 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)Standards:PS1 Voluntary Product Standard, Structural Plywood5PS

16、2 Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-UsePanels6PS20 American Softwood Lumber Standard62.5 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Standards:7B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsInch SeriesB18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)B18.2.3.8M Metric Hex Lag ScrewsB18.2.4.2M Metric

17、 Hex Nuts, Style 2B18.5 Round Head Bolts (Inch Series)B18.5.2.2M Metric Round Head Square Neck BoltsB18.22M Metric Plain WashersB18.22.1 Plain Washers2.6 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association (HPVA)Standard:8ANSI/HPVA HP-1-2004 American National Standard forHardwood and Decorative Plywood2.7 Natio

18、nal Motor Freight Traffc Association (NMFTA)Standard:9National Motor Freight Classification2.8 National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA) Stan-dard:10NHLA Rules for the Measurement and Inspection of Hard-wood and Cypress2.9 International Standard:11ISPM Publication No. 15 Regulation of Wood Packagi

19、ngMaterial in International Trade2.10 Federal Standard:12MIL-DTL-2427H Detail Specification Box, AmmunitionPacking: Wood, Nailed3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.4. Classification4.1 Type:4.1.1 Type IPlywood ba

20、se (see Fig. 1).4.1.2 Type IILumber base (see Fig. 1).4.2 Class:4.2.1 Class 1Domestic.4.2.2 Class 2Overseas.4.3 Style:4.3.1 Style ARegular cleating arrangement (see Fig. 2).4.3.2 Style BLock corner cleating arrangement (see Fig.2).4.4 Treatment:4.4.1 Treatment AWithout preservative treatment.4.4.2 T

21、reatment BWith preservative treatment.5. Ordering Information5.1 Purchasers should select the preferred permitted optionsand include the following information in procurement docu-ments:5.1.1 Specification title, number, and date.5.1.2 Box type, style, and class required (see Section 4).5.1.3 Type of

22、 base flooring (see 4.1).5.1.4 If plywood is treated (see 4.4 and 6.1.2).5.1.5 If beveling of skids is required (see 6.2).5.1.6 Contents weight (see Table 1).5.1.7 If rubbing strips are required (see 6.2.4).5.1.8 Type of superstructure (see 6.2.5).5.1.9 Joist requirement (see 6.2.5.2).5.1.10 Box ins

23、ide dimensions specified in inches millime-tres to the nearest12 in. 13 mm in order of length by widthby height (see 7.1).5.1.11 Whether boxes are to be shipped assembled orknocked-down (see 7.4.2 and 8.1).5.1.12 When corner straps are required (see 7.4.2.4).5.1.13 Whether ventilation holes or slots

24、 are required (see7.5).5.1.14 Whether special packing is required (see 8.3).5.1.15 Whether special marking is required (see 8.3).5.1.16 Load condition (see Figs. 3 and 4).5.1.17 Whether a regulated materials box is required (see9.2).5.1.17.1 Physical characteristics of load, including contentsdimens

25、ions, weight, and density.5.1.17.2 Whether a test report is required.5.1.18 Whether other construction methods or techniquesare acceptable and permitted (see 1.3).5.1.18.1 Whether proof that other construction methods ortechniques are acceptable (see 1.3) is required.5.1.19 When ISPM Publication No.

26、 15 compliance is re-quired (see 7.8).6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 MaterialsMaterials shall be as specified herein. Ma-terials not specified shall be selected by the contractor or boxbuilder and shall be subject to all provisions of this specifica-tion. Materials shall be free of defects, which a

27、dversely affectperformance or serviceability of the finished box. It is encour-aged that recycled material be used when practical. Allrecovered, recycled, or virgin materials used in box manufac-turing shall meet the requirements of this specification and thereferenced documents. In addition, materi

28、als shall not affect orbe affected by the product being packed.6.1.1 LumberLumber components shall conform to Prac-tice D6199, PS20,ortheNHLA Rules. Lumber components5Available from The Engineered Wood Association (APA), 7011 S. 19th St.,Tacoma, WA 984665333, http:/www.apawood.org.6Available from Am

29、erican Lumber Standards Committee, Inc. (ALSC), P.O.Box 210, Germantown, MD 208750210, http:/www.alsc.org.7Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, AmericanNational Standard Institute (ANSI) adopted.8Ava

30、ilable from Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association (HPVA), P.O. Box2789, Reston, VA 220900789, http:/www.hpva.org, American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI) adopted.9Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), 1001 N.Fairfax St., Alexandria, VA 22314, http:/www.nmfta.org.10

31、Available from the Uniform Classification Committee, Tariff PublishingOfficer, 151 Ellis St. N.E., Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30335.11Available from International Plant Protection Convetion, http:www.ippc.int.12Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Docu-ments, 732 N. Capitol S

32、t., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D6256/D6256M 102shall be the industries commonly accepted practice for nomi-nal sizes and wood species and shall conform to commercialpractice standards in accordance with Practice D6199, unlessotherwise specified. Lumber componen

33、ts shall have a targetthickness and width uniform in dimension and 50 % ofcomponents shall meet or exceed target dimensions at the timeof component manufacture. Lumber for superstructure compo-nents shall conform to the requirements for cleated panelboxes, Specification D6251/D6251M, and lumber for

34、basecomponents to those for crates, Specification D6039/D6039M.6.1.2 PlywoodPlywood shall be performance-rated panel-ing manufactured in accordance with PS1, PS2,orANSI/HPVA HP-1-2004. All panels shall be bonded with moistureresistant adhesive and be identified as either Exposure 1 orExterior. Plywo

35、od shall have no defects (knot holes, wormholes, and so forth) extending through the panel. Water-repellent wood preservatives conforming to AWPA StandardsP36 or P37, or a commercial equivalent, shall be used whentreatment is specified (see 4.4 and 5.1.4).6.1.3 FiberboardUnless otherwise specified,

36、fiberboardshall conform to Specification D4727/D4727M. Class 1 boxesshall be fabricated from Type SF, Class Domestic, Grade 500or 600. Class 2 boxes shall be fabricated from Type SF, Class Weather-Resistant, Grade V2s, V3s, or V4s.6.1.4 FastenersFasteners are classified as driven nails, lagbolts, an

37、d bolts. shall be steel and conform to SpecificationF1667, and other industry standards.6.1.4.1 NailsNails shall be in accordance with Specifica-tion F1667 and other industry standards. Nails are classified asplain-shank, helically threaded, annularly threaded, fluted, ortwisted square wire.6.1.4.2

38、Lag Bolts, Bolts, Nuts, and WashersLag bolts,bolts, screws, nuts, and washers shall be in accordance withASME B18.2.1 (B18.2.3.8M), ASME B18.5 (B18.5.2.2M),ASME B18.2.2 (B18.2.4.2M), ASME B18.22.1 (B18.22M),and other industry standards.6.1.4.3 Metallic StripsStrapping used to reinforce the boxshall

39、conform to Specification D3953, Guide D4675, and otherindustry standards. Strapping finish shall be as specified herein.6.1.5 Water-Repellent Wood PreservativeWater-repellentwood preservative shall be a solution containing either coppernaphthenate conforming with Practice D6253, MIL-DTL-2427H, and A

40、WPA Standard P36 with a minimum concentra-tion of 2.0 % copper metal, oxine copper (formerly referred toFIG. 1 Base TypesD6256/D6256M 103as copper-8-quinolinolate) conforming with Practice D6253,MIL-DTL-2427H, and AWPA Standard P37 with a minimumconcentration of 1.8 % copper metal, or 3 % zinc napht

41、henateconforming to Practice D6253 and MIL-DTL-2427H.6.2 Base ComponentsThe base components are illustratedin Fig. 1. Lumber used in the skids shall be in accordance withthe requirements of 6.1.1 except that Group I Woods shall notbe used. The skid dimensions shall be as shown in Table 1, andthose w

42、ith rectangular cross-sections are intended to be usedflatwise. For boxes whose outside width does not exceed 36 in.914 mm, two skids shall be required. When the outside widthexceeds 36 in. 914 mm, a third skid conforming to Table 1shall be placed equidistant between and parallel with the outerskids

43、. When specified (see 5.1.5), the lower one-third of eachFIG. 2 Box StylesD6256/D6256M 104TABLE 1 Skid Nominal SizesAand Maximum LengthsContentsWeightlb kgLoadBConditionNominal SizesAin. mm2by4 2by6 2by8 4by4 4by6 6by638 by 89 38 by 140 38 by 184 89 by 89 89 by 140 140 by 140Skid Max Length ft mm010

44、0 A 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045 4877B 16 . . . . .4877C 16 . . . . .4877D 16 . . . . .4877E 16 . . . . .4877101200 A 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.890.7 4877B 16 . . . . .4877C 16 . . . . .4877D 16 . . . . .4877E 16 . . . . .4877201400 A 11 15 16 . . . . . . . . .91.2181.4 3353 4572 487

45、7B 13 16 . . . .3962 4877C 8 12 16 . . .2438 3658 4877D 10 15 16 . . .3048 4572 4877E 13 16 . . . .3962 4877401600 A 8 11 14 16 . . . . . .181.9272.2 2438 3353 4267 4877B 9 14 16 . . .2743 4267 4877C 5 8 11 16 . .1524 2438 3353 4877D 7 10 14 16 . . . . . .2134 3048 4267 4877E 9 14 16 . . .2743 4267

46、4877601800 A 7 9 11 16 . . . . . .272.6363 2134 2743 3353 4877B 7 10 14 16 . . . . . .2134 3048 4267 4877C 4 6 8 16 . .1219 1829 2438 4877D 5 8 10 16 . .1524 2438 3048 4877E 7 10 14 16 . . . . . .2134 3048 4267 48778011000 A 6 8 10 16 . . . . . .363.3453.6 1829 2438 3048 4877B 5 8 11 16 . .1524 2438

47、 3353 4877C 3 5 7 16 . .914 1524 2134 4877D 4 6 8 16 . .1219 1829 2438 4877E 5 8 11 16 . .1524 2438 3353 4877D6256/D6256M 105TABLE 1 ContinuedContentsWeightlb kgLoadBConditionNominal SizesAin. mm2by4 2by6 2by8 4by4 4by6 6by638 by 89 38 by 140 38 by 184 89 by 89 89 by 140 140 by 140Skid Max Length ft

48、 mm10011200 A 6 7 8 16 . . . . . .454544.3 1829 2134 2438 4877B 4 7 9 16 . .1219 2134 2743 4877C 3 4 5 13 16 . . .914 1219 1524 3962 4877D 3 5 7 16 . .914 1524 2134 4877E 4 7 9 16 . .1219 2134 2743 487712011400 A 5 7 8 14 16 . . .544.8635 1524 2134 2438 4267 4877B 5 6 8 16 . .1524 1829 2438 4877C 0 4 5 11 16 .0 1219 1524 3353 4877D 3 4 6 14 16 . . .914 1219 1829 4267 4877E 5 6 8 16 . .1524 1829 2438 487714011600 A 5 6 7 13 16 . . .635.5725.7 1524 1829 2134 3962 4877B 3 5 7 16 . .914