1、Designation: D 6284 09Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyEffect of Aqueous Solutions withAvailable Chlorine and Chloramine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating theability of rubber and rubber-like materials to wi
3、thstand theeffects of aqueous solutions with available chlorine andchloramine. It is intended to compare the effects of chlorinecompounds, present in potable water due to disinfectionprocedures, on rubber articles.1.2 Test solutions are designed to contain chlorine com-pounds, including hypochlorous
4、 acid (HOCl), hypochloriteions (OCl), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
5、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 1193 Specification for Reag
6、ent WaterD 1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in WaterD 1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water3D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsD 3183 Pract
7、ice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from ProductsD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3. Terminology3.1 The terminology of chlorine compounds used in this testmethod is in accordance with Test Method
8、D 1253, Section 7.3.2 combined residual chlorineresidual consisting ofchlorine combined with ammonia nitrogen and nitrogenouscompounds.3.3 free available chlorine residualresidual consisting ofhypochlorite ions (OCI) or hydrochlorous acid (HOCl), orboth.3.4 total residual chlorine (chlorine residual
9、)the amountof available chlorine-induced oxidants present in water at anyspecified period, subsequent to the addition of chlorine.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides procedures for exposing testpieces to aqueous available chlorine and chloramine solutionsunder defined conditions o
10、f temperature and time.4.2 This test method includes the following procedures:Change in mass after immersion Section 10Change in volume after immersion Section 11Change in hardness after immersion Section 12Visual and turbidity rating after immersion Section 134.3 The resulting deterioration is meas
11、ured by changes inmass, volume, hardness, and appearance of the test piecesurfaces and test liquid after immersion.4.4 This test method also describes the preparation of theimmersion liquids.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rubber articles, such as seals, gaskets, and membranes,may be exposed in service t
12、o chlorine compounds used inpotable water as disinfectants. The exposure may be intermit-tent or continuous and can occur at various temperatures.5.2 Properties of rubber articles can deteriorate as a result ofexposure to water containing these chlorine compounds, af-fecting their performance for th
13、e intended use.5.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditionsthrough controlled accelerated testing, but may not give adirect correlation with part performance under actual service1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibilit
14、y of Subcommittee D11.40 on Consumer RubberProducts.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 6284 02 (2008)1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Serv
15、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.conditions. It yields comparative data on which to basejudgement on expected service quality.5.4 This test method is suitable for compliance testing,quality control, and research and development work.6. Test Conditions6.1 TemperatureUnless otherwise
17、 specified between theproducer and the purchaser, the preferred test temperature shallbe 70 6 2C.6.1.1 If the temperature of the testing room is other than thestandard 23 6 2C, the actual room temperature and any effecton the temperature of the test liquids shall be reported.6.2 Immersion PeriodsUnl
18、ess otherwise specified, theimmersion periods shall be as indicated in Table 1, dependingon the anticipated service conditions.6.2.1 To obtain a measure on the rate of deterioration, it isnecessary to take measurements after several immersion peri-ods. The tolerance of the immersion times shall be 6
19、15 min or61 % of the specified time, whichever is greater.7. Apparatus7.1 A three-necked flask4,5with a capacity of 2000 cm3shall be mounted in an electric heating mantle6,5of sufficientsize and wattage to maintain the specified temperature through-out the test solution. The center neck of the flask
20、 shall be usedfor inserting and removing test pieces and shall be fitted witha removable glass stopper. The other two necks of the flaskshall be tightly fitted with an immersion thermometer and aGraham condenser7,5with continuous cooling water supply.7.2 Test procedures utilizing continuous monitori
21、ng of testliquids and automatic addition of reagents may be used but canbe expected to produce different results than those obtained bythe procedures of this test method.8. Standard Test Liquids8.1 Standard test liquids are prepared in amber glass jars ofsufficient volume to hold 1900 cm3of the liqu
22、id.8.2 Fresh test solutions shall be prepared on a daily basis.Atno time throughout the entire test period shall test pieces beallowed to remain in the same solution for more than 48 h.8.2.1 If the test period is to be 166 h or greater, the testsolutions shall be left unchanged for one day per week.
23、8.3 Total residual chlorine levels of at least one freshlyprepared available chlorine and monochloramine solution shallbe determined weekly.8.4 Test solutions are heated in loosely sealed amber glassjars in a suitable water bath or hot forced-air oven to 70 6 2Cprior to transferring them into test v
24、essels in accordance withSection 9.8.4.1 An acceptable alternative method is the use of a glasscontainer of sufficient volume to prepare a large batch of testsolution capable of filling all test vessels with 1900 cm3ofsolution each. Prior to filling the test vessels, the liquid shall bestirred and c
25、hecked with an immersion thermometer to ensurethat the specified test temperature has been reached throughoutthe batch.8.5 Preparation of Standard Test Liquids and Solutions:8.5.1 Reagent WaterDistilled or deionized water (Type IIIor purer, see Specification D 1193) is heated to the testtemperature
26、in a loosely sealed amber glass jar and transferredto the test vessel.8.5.2 Available Chlorine and Chloramine Test SolutionAvolume of 1900 cm3of distilled or deionized water (Type III orpurer, see Specification D 1193) is heated to the test tempera-ture in a loosely sealed amber glass jar and 1.6 cm
27、3of sodiumhypochlorite solution8with 5 % minimum total residual chlo-rine9,5and 12.3 cm3of buffer solution containing potassiumphosphate monobasic and sodium phosphate dibasic10,5(pH7.0) are then added, using a graduated pipette. The glass jar isconditioned for 10 6 1 min at the specified test tempe
28、raturefollowed by the addition of 10.4 cm3of buffer solutioncontaining potassium phosphate monobasic and sodium phos-phate dibasic10,5(pH 7.0) and 2.8 cm31 N ammoniumhydroxide.11,5The glass jar is again conditioned at the testtemperature for 10 6 1 min and the finished solution trans-ferred to the t
29、est vessel. Solution strength shall be 50 ppm(mg/L) of total residual chlorine determined in accordance withTest Method D 1253, Section 10. The determination of freeavailable chlorine residual and combined available chlorineresidual for informational purposes is optional.8.5.2.1 Chloramine T shall n
30、ot be used as a replacement forany of the reagents specified in the preparation of the testsolutions.8.5.2.2 Sodium hypochlorite solutions are not stable andwill change their concentration in storage. It is thereforerecommended to use fresh solutions or store solutions in thedark under refrigeration
31、 (about 5C). The concentration ofsolutions stored for any length of time should be confirmed bydetermining their total residual chlorine level in accordancewith Test Method D 1253, Section 10. If the concentration has4The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Catalog No. 4960-2L) known to thecommi
32、ttee at this time is Corning, Inc., County Rd. 64, Big Flats, NY 14814.5If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may a
33、ttend.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Catalog No. EM-2000C) known tothe committee at this time is Electrothermal, Inc., 275 Morristown Rd., Gillette, NJ07933.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Catalog No. 2560-500) known tothe committee at this time is Corning, Inc., County Rd
34、 64, Big Flats, NY 14814.8The amount of sodium hypochlorite should be verified in a test solution andadjusted to provide 50 mg/L total chlorine.9The sole source of supply of the solution (Catalog No. SS-290) known to thecommittee at this time is Fisher Scientific, 2000 Park Lane Drive, Pittsburgh,
35、PA15275.10The sole source of supply of the solution (Catalog No. 215353) known to thecommittee at this time is Hach Co., 5600 Lindburgh Drive, Loveland, CO 80538.11The sole source of supply of the solution (Catalog No. V 044) known to thecommittee at this time is Mallinckrodt, Inc., Highway 68 Bypas
36、s, Paris, KY 40361.TABLE 1 Immersion Periods, h22 67046 100670 1342166 2186334 4366502D6284092changed, the necessary adjustments shall be made in thepreparation of the test solutions.9. Test Specimens9.1 Unless otherwise specified, test pieces shall be preparedin accordance with Practice D 3182 or P
37、ractice D 3183.9.2 Dimensions of standard test pieces shall be as indicatedin Table 2. Type 2 specimens shall be cut from standardvulcanized sheets prepared in accordance with PracticeD 3182. Sheets for Type 1 and 3 specimens shall be vulcanizedin molds modified for cavity depth, but having otherwis
38、e thesame dimensions as specified in Practice D 3182 (Fig. 1, 2, 3,or 4).9.3 Type 1 specimens are preferred for accelerated testing.Types 2 and 3 specimens may be specified by mutual agree-ment between the producer and the purchaser.9.4 The same test pieces are used to determine changes inmass, volu
39、me, hardness, and visual rating.9.5 If rubber parts or nonstandard test pieces are used, theprocedure shall be adjusted to maintain a minimum volume of20 cm3of test solutions per 1 cm2of test piece surface area.Data obtained on test pieces of different original thicknessesare not comparable.10. Proc
40、edure for Change in Mass10.1 See Test Method D 471, Section 10.10.2 Test three test pieces of a single composition. Calculatethe test results of the three test pieces in accordance with Eq 1and average the results.10.3 Weigh each test piece in air to the nearest 1 mg, recordthe mass as M1, and mount
41、 three test pieces on a glass rod sothat a minimum of 6 mm separation is maintained between thetest pieces through the use of spacers, for example, perforatedglass beads. It is important that the materials used to suspendand separate the test pieces do not affect the test liquid and therubber.10.4 P
42、lace the test piece setup in the test vessel (see 9.1)containing the test liquid for the specified time and removeeach test piece from the flask at the end of the immersionperiod.10.5 Cool the test pieces to room temperature by transfer-ring them into a cool and clean portion of the test liquid for
43、30min. After removal from the liquid, lightly blot the test piecesdry with lint-free paper, place them in a tared stopperedweighing bottle, weigh each test piece to the nearest 1 mg,record the mass as M2.10.6 Return the test pieces to the cool and clean portion ofthe test liquid before proceeding wi
44、th hardness testing andvisual rating. After completing all testing return the test piecesto the test vessel with the same test liquid, if data are desiredon progressive changes that occur with increasing immersiontimes.10.7 It is important that each manipulation following re-moval of the test pieces
45、 from the test liquid takes placepromptly with the least possible lapse in time.10.8 Prepared fresh test liquids daily in accordance with 8.2,except as described in 2.1. Discard the old solutions afterevaluating turbidity and add fresh solutions to the test vessel(without removal of the test pieces)
46、11. Procedure for Change in Volume11.1 See Test Method D 471, Section 11.11.2 Test three test pieces of a single composition. Calculatethe test results of the three test pieces in accordance with Eq 2and average the results.11.3 Weight each test piece in air to the nearest 1 mg andrecord the mass a
47、s M1. Then obtain the mass M2of each testpiece immersed in distilled water or methanol (Note 1) at roomtemperature.NOTE 1Methanol may be employed in place of water if the removalof air bubbles from the test piece surface is a problem.11.4 Quickly blot the test pieces dry using lint-free paper,mount
48、three test pieces on a glass rod in accordance with 10.3,and place the test piece setup in the test vessel (see 9.1)containing the test liquid for the specified time.11.5 Remove each test piece from the flask at the end of theimmersion period and cool to room temperature in a cool andclean portion o
49、f the test liquid for 30 min. Lightly blot each testpiece dry with lint-free paper, place it in a tared stopperedweighing bottle, weigh to the nearest 1 mg, and record the massas M3. Remove each test piece from the weighing bottle, weighin distilled water or methanol to the nearest 1 mg, and recordthe mass as M4.11.6 Return the test pieces to the cool and clean portion ofthe test liquid before proceeding with hardness testing andvisual rating. After completing all testing return the test piecesto the test vessel with the same test liquid, if data are desiredon progr
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