1、Designation: D6288 15D6288 17Standard Practice forSeparation and Washing of Recycled Plastics Prior toTesting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice describes a procedure for separating recycled plastics based on their color and a procedure for washing d
3、irty,ground plastic, which results in separation of light materials (density 1.00 g/cm3). This practice is not intended to representgeneric washing procedures used in the plastics recycling industry. The described procedures are solely for preparation of plasticsamples for use in other analytical te
4、sts. The procedure includes a room temperature wash step to facilitate separation of paper (forexample, labels) followed by washing at an elevated temperature.NOTE 1Although not presented as a quantitative method, the procedure presented in this practice may be used to provide quantitative results.
5、Theuser assumes the responsibility to verify the reproducibility of quantitative results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user
6、 of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internati
7、onally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Termi
8、nology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD3030 Test Method for Volatile Matter (Including Water) of Vinyl Chloride ResinsD5814 Practice for Determination of Contamination in Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) Flakes and Chips Usinga Plaque TestD5991 Practice for Separation and Ident
9、ification of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Contamination in Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)(PET) FlakeD7209E2251 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsSpeci-fication for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids (Withdra
10、wn 2015)IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 The terminology used in this practice is in accordance with Terminology D1600 and Guide D7209. Units and symbols arein accordance with Standard IEEE/ASTM SI-10.3.2 Definition
11、s of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 light materialmaterials with densities less than 1.00 g/cm3.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.95 on Recycled Plastics.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Dec. 1,
12、 2017. Published October 2015January 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 asD6288 - 09.D6288 - 15. DOI: 10.1520/D6288-15.10.1520/D6288-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
13、For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may
14、 not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the
15、 end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary4.1 Different colored plastic materials are readily distinguished by visual inspection of a sample.4.2 Labels, glue residues and other plastics may absorb
16、the dyes used in some procedures for identifying contaminants or theseother contaminants may exhibit interfering fluorescence. Consequently, a standard procedure is provided for washing the plasticprior to examination by these tests.4.3 This practice utilizes a room temperature wash step to facilita
17、te separation of paper followed by washing at an elevatedtemperature to permit separation of plastics and other contaminants based on densities. The room temperature wash step effectivelyremoves labels without activating some adhesives.NOTE 3The dye and fluorescence tests that may require plastic wa
18、shed by this procedure are specifically designed to detect poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) contamination.4.4 Washed recycled plastic materials are then used for tests such as those described in Practices D5814 or D5991.5. Significance and Use5.1 Dirt, paper and mixtures of polymeric materials complicate t
19、he interpretation of data from procedures used to identify thecontaminants in recycled plastics.6. Apparatus6.1 Bright Aluminum Tray, shallow depth (750 mm), with minimum area of 774 cm2 (120 in.2).6.2 Balances, suitable for weighing 500 g of flake.flake with an accuracy of 60.1 g.6.3 Baffled Beaker
20、 stainless steel, 15.2 cm (6 in.) diameter with four 1.9 cm (0.75 in.) baffles providing a slurry height/diameterratio of 0.9.6.4 Cover for Beaker (see 6.3) which can accommodate a thermometer (or other temperature sensing device) and the stirringimpeller rod.6.5 Overhead Stirrer, capable of 1000 r
21、/min.6.6 Stirring Impeller, pitched three blade, 7.62 cm (3 in.) diameter.6.7 Plastic Pails, 19 L (5 gal).6.8 Strainer, non-aluminum to fit the pails described in 6.7.6.9 Hot Plate.6.10 Thermometer.Thermometer, in accordance with E2251.6.11 Manual Stirring Rod.6.12 Oven, convection air flow capable
22、of drying plastic flakes at 60110 6 2C.7. Materials7.1 Water, distilled or deionized.7.2 Sodium Hydroxide, granular.7.3 Detergent, nonionic surfactant.NOTE 4Nonylphenol or octylphenol derivatives are effective detergents for this procedure. Users of this procedure should be aware that thesematerials
23、 have been linked to endocrine/estrogen activity and false positive interferences with breast cancer research. Anionic detergents may also beeffective.7.4 Wash solution, consisting of 2 L of water, 0.3 % (6 g) nonionic surfactant (see 7.3), and 1 % (20 g) sodium hydroxide (see7.2). Dissolve the surf
24、actant in cold water prior to addition of the sodium hydroxide.8. Procedures8.1 Separation of Plastics Based on Color:8.1.1 Spread a representative portion of the recycled plastic on an aluminum tray.NOTE 5Use an appropriate sampling technique to insure that the sample used for this test is represen
25、tative of the entire gaylord or bale of material.8.1.2 Visually inspect the recycled plastic and separate the materials based on color.8.2 Room Temperature Washing Procedure:NOTE 6Although not required for all plastics, the room temperature washing procedure is useful to remove labels from some prod
26、ucts. This step canreduce filter screen plugging from paper because the low temperature does not activate some adhesives.D6288 1728.2.1 Place the wash solution (see 7.4) in the baffled beaker (see 6.3).8.2.2 Select and accurately weigh 500 6 20 g of dirty plastic from the sample. Add this sample to
27、the solution in the beaker.8.2.3 Insert the overhead stirrer so that the impeller is 2.54 cm (1 in.) above the bottom of the beaker.8.2.4 Turn on the overhead stirrer and adjust the speed to 1000 r/min. Continue agitation for 15 min at room temperature (256 2C).NOTE 7Bubbles may be attached to plast
28、ic flakes and these bubbles may cause heavy materials to float when they would otherwise sink. Using ascreen to gently disturb the floating particles and cause release of the air may permit these heavy materials to sink instead of float.8.2.5 After 15 min, turn off the overhead stirrer and remove it
29、 from the baffled beaker. Wait 5 min to allow paper and other lightmaterials to rise to the surface and polymers such as PET and PVC to sink. Using the manual stirring rod (see 6.11), gently agitatethe light materials to allow any trapped PET or PVC to sink.8.2.6 Place a strainer (see 6.8) over a 19
30、 L (5 gal) pail (see 6.7). Carefully pour the wash solution from the beaker through thestrainer causing the light materials to be trapped on the strainer. Do not allow the heavier plastic material that settled in the beakerto be transferred to the strainer.8.2.7 Add water to the beaker to raise the
31、water level to within several inches of the top.8.2.8 Agitate this plastic/water mixture with the manual stirring rod to further separate any trapped light materials. Allow anyheavier polymers to sink to the bottom of the beaker, then pour the majority of the water through the strainer into the pail
32、8.2.9 Rinse the light materials in the strainer for 2 min with cold water (see 7.1) while agitating the material with the manualstirring rod. Drain rinse water into the pail.8.2.10 Transfer the trapped light materials from the strainer to paper towels and air dry.NOTE 8To shorten the drying time, p
33、lace the isolated light materials in an oven at 60 6 2C.110 6 2C for a minimum of one hour. Some agitationmay be required to ensure complete material drying.8.3 Elevated Temperature Washing Procedure:8.3.1 Place wash solution (see 7.4) into a baffled beaker (see 6.3) and heat to 88 6 2C (190 6 5F) o
34、n a hot plate. Cover thebeaker (see 6.4) to minimize evaporation.8.3.2 Select and accurately weigh 500 6 20 g of dirty plastic from the sample. Add this sample to the solution in the beaker.If the room temperature wash procedure (see 8.2) was used to separate labels and other light materials, transf
35、er all of the heavyplastic from the beaker (see 8.2.8) to the beaker with the wash solution at 88 6 2C (190 6 5F). Be careful to transfer all materialfrom the first beaker.8.3.3 Insert the overhead stirrer so that the impeller is 2.54 cm (1 in.) above the bottom of the beaker and return the solution
36、temperature to 88 6 2C (190 6 5F).8.3.4 Turn on the overhead stirrer and adjust the speed to 1000 r/min. Continue agitation for 15 min while maintaining thesolution temperature at 88 6 2C (190 6 5F).8.3.5 After 15 min, turn off the overhead stirrer and remove it from the baffled beaker. Remove the b
37、eaker from the hot plate.8.3.6 Place a strainer (see 6.8) over a 19 L (5 gal) pail (see 6.7). Carefully pour the wash solution from the beaker through thestrainer causing the solid material to be trapped on the strainer.8.3.7 Add warm water (88 6 2C (190 6 5F) to the beaker to raise the water level
38、to within several inches of the top.Agitatethis plastic/water mixture with the manual stirring, then pour the majority of the water through the strainer into the pail.8.3.8 Rinse the material in the strainer for 2 min with cold water (see 7.1) while agitating the material with the manual stirringrod
39、 Drain rinse water into the pail.8.3.9 Transfer the trapped materials from the strainer to the aluminum tray (see 6.1) and oven dry at 60 6 2C.110 6 2C fora minimum of one hour.NOTE 9Some agitation may be required to ensure complete material drying.8.3.10 The volatile matter of the oven material sh
40、all be determined in accordance with Test Method D3030.9. Keywords9.1 contamination; poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); recycled plastics; washingD6288 173SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issu
41、e(D6288 - 09D6288 - 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (October(December 1, 2015)2017)(1) RewordedSection 1.1,2: 3.2.1,Added 4.1,D3030 4.3, 5.1, 8.1.2, and 8.2.10.E2251 references; and deleted D7209 reference.(2) Added English conversion of 19 L pail in Subsection 3.1: Removed D7209 refer
42、ence.8.2.6 and 8.3.6.(3) Subsection 6.2: Added balance accuracy of 6 0.1 g.(4) Subsection 6.10: Added E2251 reference for thermometers.(5) Subsection 6.12: Added convention air flow oven and increased temperature to 100 6 2C.(6) Note 8: Increased temperature to 110 6 2C; added minimum drying time, a
43、gitation option.(7) Subsection 8.3.9: Increased temperature to 110 6 2C; minimum drying time.(8) Added: Note 9agitation option.(9) Added subsection 8.3.10; added D3030 reference to check material volatiles.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
44、connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the res
45、ponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefu
46、l consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,
47、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D6288 174
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