ASTM D6331-2014 3335 Standard Test Method for Determination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matter from Stationary Sources at Low Concentrations &40 Manual Gravimetric Method&.pdf

1、Designation: D6331 14Standard Test Method forDetermination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matterfrom Stationary Sources at Low Concentrations (ManualGravimetric Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea

2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers a method for the measurementof

3、particulate matter (dust) concentration in emission gases inthe concentrations below 20 mg/m3standard conditions, withspecial emphasis around 5 mg/m3.1.2 To meet the requirements of this test method, theparticulate sample is weighed to a specified level of accuracy.At low dust concentrations, this i

4、s achieved by:1.2.1 Exercising extreme care in weighing,1.2.2 Extending the sampling time at conventional samplingrates, or1.2.3 Sampling at higher rates at conventional samplingtimes (high-volume sampling).1.3 This test method differs from Test Method D3685/D3685M by requiring the mass measurement

5、of filter blanks,specifying weighing procedures, and requiring monitoring ofthe flue gas flow variability over the testing period. It requiresthat the particulate matter collected on the sample filter have amass at least five times a positive mass difference on the filterblank. High volume sampling

6、techniques or an extension of thesampling time may be employed to satisfy this requirement.1.4 This test method may be used for calibration of auto-mated monitoring systems (AMS). If the emission gas containsunstable, reactive, or semi-volatile substances, the measure-ment will depend on the filtrat

7、ion temperature, and in-stackmethods may be more applicable than out-stack methods forthe calibration of automated monitoring systems.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with i

8、ts use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sam

9、pling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by theMonodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test(Withdrawn 2004)4D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (PitotTube Method)D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD3670 Guide for Determ

10、ination of Precision and Bias ofMethods of Committee D22D3685/D3685M Test Methods for Sampling and Determina-tion of Particulate Matter in Stack GasesD3796 Practice for Calibration of Type S Pitot TubesE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM

11、 Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids2.2 ISO Standards:5ISO 5725 Precision of test methodsDetermination of re-peatability and reproducibility by inter-laboratory testsISO 9096 Stationary source emissionsDetermination ofconcentration and mass flow rate of particulate material ingas-carryin

12、g ducts. Manual gravimetric method1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on AmbientAtmospheres and Source Emissions.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approvedin 1998.

13、 Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6331 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6331-14.2This test method is based on ISO/CD 12141.3, “Stationary Source EmissionsDetermination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matter (Dust) at LowConcentrationsManual Gravimetric Method”, available from International Orga-niza

14、tion for Standardization, Casa Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva Switzerland.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST

15、M website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from International Organization for Standardization, Casa Postals 56,CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295

16、9. United States1ISO 10780 Stationary source emissionsMeasurement ofvelocity and volume flow rate of gas stream in ducts3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filtration temperaturethe te

17、mperature of the sampledgas immediately downstream of the filter.3.2.2 high volume samplingsampling at higher rates thantypical in Test Methods D3685/D3685M by using largerdiameter nozzles and higher flow rates to maintain isokineticsampling conditions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionNozzle sizes are typically 20

18、 to 50 mm,with corresponding flow rates from 5 to 50 m3/s.3.2.3 hydraulic diameter, dhdh54 3area of sampling planeperimeter of sampling plane(1)3.2.4 in-stack filtrationfiltration in the stack or duct wherethe filter in its filter housing is placed immediately downstreamof the sampling nozzle and co

19、llects particulate matter in theflue gas, under flue gas conditions.3.2.5 measurement seriessuccessive measurements car-ried out at the same sampling plane and at the same processconditions.3.2.6 out-stack filtrationa sampling technique where thefilter, in its filter housing, collects particulate ma

20、tter undercontrolled temperature conditions outside of the stack or duct.3.2.7 overall blankthe sample taken in a manner identicalto the flue gas test samples, except that the sampling durationis shortened to less than 1 min.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe overall blank value is expressed inthe same units as

21、the measurement result (for example, mg/m3)using the average sampling volume of the measurement series.The overall blank includes possible deposits on the filter andsurfaces upstream of the filter in contact with the sample gas.3.2.8 particulate matter (dust)solid particles of any shape,structure, o

22、r density dispersed in the gas phase at flue gastemperature and pressure conditions.3.2.8.1 DiscussionIn accordance with the described testmethod, all material that may be collected by filtration underspecified conditions and that remains upstream of the filter andon the filter after drying under sp

23、ecified conditions are consid-ered to be particulate matter. However, for the purposes ofsome regulatory standards, the definition of particulate mattermay extend to condensibles or reacted materials collectedunder specified conditions (for example, specified temperaturelower than the flue gas tempe

24、rature).3.2.9 sampling linethe line in the sampling plane alongwhich the sampling points are located bounded by the innerduct wall.3.2.10 sampling planethe plane normal to the centerlineof the duct at the sampling position.3.2.11 sampling pointthe specific position on a samplingline at which a sampl

25、e is extracted.3.2.12 weighing control proceduresquality control proce-dures utilized for detecting/correcting apparent mass variationsdue to climatic or environmental changes between pre- andpost-sampling weighing series.3.2.12.1 DiscussionIn this procedure, control parts, whichare identical to tho

26、se to be weighed for dust measurement andare pretreated under the same conditions, are used. The controlparts are kept free from dust contamination.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample stream of the gas is extracted for a measuredperiod of time at a controlled flow rate, and the volume of gascollec

27、ted is subsequently measured. The particulate matter(dust) entrained in the gas sample is separated by a pre-weighed filter, which is then dried and reweighed. Depositsupstream of the filter in the sampling equipment are alsorecovered and weighed. The increase of mass of the filter andthe deposited

28、mass upstream of the filter plus the depositscollected upstream of the filter are attributed to particulatematter collected from the sampled gas. The ratio of the mass ofthe particulate matter collected to the volume of gas collectedallows for the calculation of the flue gas particulate concen-trati

29、on.4.2 Valid measurements can be achieved only when:4.2.1 The gas stream in the duct at the sampling plane has asufficiently steady and identified velocity, a sufficient tempera-ture and pressure, and a sufficiently homogeneous composi-tion;4.2.2 The flow of the gas is parallel to the centerline of

30、theduct across the whole sampling plane;4.2.3 Sampling is carried out without disturbance of the gasstream, using a sharp edged nozzle facing into the stream;4.2.4 Isokinetic sampling conditions are maintainedthroughout the test;4.2.5 Samples are taken at a preselected number of statedpositions in t

31、he sampling plane to obtain a representativesample for a non-uniform distribution of particulate matter inthe duct or stack.4.2.6 The sampling train is designed and operated to avoidcondensation and to be leak free;4.2.7 Dust deposits upstream of the filter are recovered ortaken into account, or bot

32、h; and4.2.8 The sampling and weighing procedures are adapted tothe expected dust quantities.5. Significance and Use5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collectedresidue emission rates is an important test method widely usedin the practice of air pollution control. Particulate mattermeasurem

33、ents after control devices are necessary to determinetotal emission rates into the atmosphere.5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal orstate agencies, are often required for the purpose of determin-ing compliance with regulations and statutes.5.1.2 The measurements made before and after

34、controldevices are often necessary to demonstrate conformance withcontractual performance specifications.D6331 1425.2 The collected residue obtained with this test method isalso important in characterizing stack emissions. However, theutility of these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of th

35、ecollected residue is performed.5.3 These measurements also can be used to calibratecontinuous particulate emission monitoring systems by corre-lating the output of the monitoring instruments with the dataobtained by using this test method.5.3.1 This test method is useful in such correlation applica

36、-tions when emissions are less than 20 mg/m3.5.3.2 The correlation test method is most valid when themonitoring instrumentation samples the particulate matterunder the same test conditions as this test method.6. Interferences6.1 Gaseous species present in stack gases that are capableof reacting to f

37、orm particulate matter within the sample traincan result in positive interference.6.1.1 Examples include the potential reaction of sulfurdioxide (SO2) to an insoluble sulfate compound in the moistureportion of the system (such as with limestone in flue gasfollowing a wet flue gas desulfurization sys

38、tem (FGDS) toform calcium sulfate (CaSO4) or the reaction with ammoniagas (NH3) to form ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4and thepotential reaction of hydrogen fluoride (HF) with glass com-ponents in the sample train with resultant collection of silicontetrafluoride (SiF4) in the impingers.6.2 Volatile matt

39、er existing in solid or liquid form in thestack gas may vaporize after collection on the sample trainfiltration material due to continued exposure to the hot samplestream during the sampling period. Such an occurrence wouldresult in a negative interference. See also Appendix X1.7. Requirements for S

40、ampling Plane and SamplingPoints7.1 Representative sampling is possible when a suitablelocation that has sufficiently homogeneous gas velocity at thesampling plane is available.7.1.1 Perform sampling at a sufficient number of samplingpoints, which are usually located on several sampling lines.Conven

41、ient access ports and a working platform are requiredfor the testing. See Test Method D3685/D3685M for additionalcriteria.7.2 Sampling Plane:7.2.1 The sampling plane shall be situated in a length ofstraight duct (preferably vertical) with a constant shape andconstant cross-sectional area. The sampli

42、ng shall be conductedas far downstream and upstream from any obstruction that maycause a disturbance and produce a change in the direction offlow (disturbances can be caused by bends, fans, or controlequipment).7.2.2 Measurements at all the sampling points defined in 7.3shall prove that the gas stre

43、am at the sampling plane meets thefollowing requirements:7.2.2.1 The angle of gas flow is less than 15 with regard tothe duct axis (method for estimation is indicated inAnnex C ofISO 10780);7.2.2.2 No local negative flow is present;7.2.2.3 The minimum velocity is measurable by the testmethod used (f

44、or example, using Test Method D3154,adifferential pressure larger than 5 Pa); and7.2.2.4 The ratio of the highest to lowest local gas velocitiesis less than 3:1.7.2.3 If the above requirements cannot be met, the samplinglocation will not be in compliance with this test method.7.3 Minimum Number and

45、Location of Sampling Points:7.3.1 See Test Method D3154, Section 8, Figs. 7 and 8, andTables 1 and 2.7.4 Access Ports:7.4.1 Provide sampling ports for access to the samplingpoints selected, in accordance with 7.3 and Test MethodD3154.7.4.2 Ensure that the port dimensions offer ample space forthe ins

46、ertion and removal of the sampling equipment andassociated devices.8. Velocity and Gas Composition MeasurementApparatus8.1 See Section 6, Test Method D3154.9. Sampling Apparatus9.1 Sampling TrainFor schematic drawings of the majorsampling train components refer to Fig. 1 for the in-stackmethod and F

47、ig. 2 for the out-of-stack method.9.1.1 The materials of construction of in-stack and certainout-of-stack components (such as the nozzle, probe, unions,filter holder, gaskets, and other seals) shall be constructed ofmaterials that will withstand corrosive or otherwise reactivecomponents or propertie

48、s of the stack or gas stream, or both.Recommended materials for a normal range of stack andsample conditions include PFTE fluoro hydrocarbons (up to175C), 316 stainless steel (up to 800C), and some resistantsilicone materials (up to 150C). Extreme temperature condi-tions may require the use of mater

49、ials such as quartz or anickel-chromium alloy, or a water-cooled probe may be used.FIG. 1 In Stack Sampling TrainExample of a Dry Basis Measurement SystemD6331 1439.2 Elements of the Sampling TrainThe sampling train forcollecting particulate matter and collected residue from a gasstream flowing through a stack consists of the followinginterconnected elements:9.3 NozzlesThe first part of the sampling equipment toencounter the dust or moisture-laden gas stream, or both, is thenozzle. To extract a representative sample of gas and particu-late matter, the n