1、Designation: D6333 10D6333 17Standard Practice forCollection of Dislodgeable Pesticide Residues from Floors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for collection of dislodgeable pesticide residues from indoor floor surfaces.1.2 This pra
3、ctice and the sampling methodology described are applicable to bare floors or covered floor surfaces, for example,carpeting and vinyl flooring.1.3 This practice and the sampling methodology described are applicable to all pesticides listed in Practice D4861 whetherapplied directly to the floor surfa
4、ce or transported there by migration within the room or tracked in from outdoors.1.4 Floor surfaces for which this practice has been successfully applied include nylon plush carpeting, polypropylene level-loopcarpeting, and vinyl flooring.1.5 Sample analysis will be dependent upon the nature of the
5、pesticides targeted and is beyond the scope of this practice;however, the analytical procedures discussed in Practice D4861 are applicable to this practice.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This stand
6、ard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to its use.1.8 This international stan
7、dard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refe
8、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD4861 Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in AirE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass T
9、hermometersE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:Definitions For For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D1356.3.1.1 dislodgeable residuethat part of the residue of a c
10、hemical deposited on a solid surface that may be transferred by directcontact to human skin or clothing (sometimes called transferable residue).3.1.2 sampling traversethe distance from the starting point to the end point over which the sampling media contacts the floorsurface for collection of a sin
11、gle sample.3.1.3 transfer coeffcientthe ratio of the amount of pesticide residue collected by the sampling media to the area of the surfacecontacted by the media during a single sampling traverse.3.1.4 transfer effciencythe ratio of the transfer coefficient to the pesticide surface loading determine
12、d by analysis ofdeposition coupons placed strategically on the test surface before the pesticide application.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved May 1, 2010March
13、1, 2017. Published June 2010March 2017. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 asD6333 98 (2004)D6333 10.1. DOI: 10.1520/D6333-10.10.1520/D6333-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
14、 For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit ma
15、y not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
16、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Practice4.1 The sampling method described in this practice is taken from published work (11-4,2,3,4).34.2 Dislodgeable pesticide residues from floor surfaces are collected by transfer to an annular ring of polyureth
17、ane foam (PUF),which is rolled across the floor at a constant speed and applied pressure.4.3 The PUF sampling ring is slipped over a cylindrical metal axle that functions as the front wheel of the PUF roller apparatus.The apparatus is typically constructed of aluminum and consists of a frame with tw
18、o permanent rear wheels and the detachableaxle cylinder on the front.4.4 Weights are attached to the roller frame to apply the desired downward force on the PUF roller ring (sampling pressure).A total weight of 3.88 kg provides a sampling pressure of 8300 Pa, corresponding approximately to that of a
19、 9 kg child crawlingor walking.4.5 A handle is connected at the rear of the roller frame to push or pull the device across the floor surface.4.6 A template or similar measuring device is used to identify the area to be sampled. The axle cylinder is fitted with a cleanPUF ring, and the roller is then
20、 pushed at a constant rate of approximately 10 cm/s over a distance of 1.0 m and then immediatelypulled in the reverse direction back over the same sampling area at the same rate of speed, ending at the original starting position.4.7 The PUF ring is removed from the detached axle cylinder and placed
21、 in a sealed container for transport to the laboratoryfor analysis.4.8 The PUF ring is extracted and analyzed using specific analytical procedures for the pesticides of interest. Typical methodsinvolve Soxhlet extraction with analysis of extracts by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas
22、chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD), or other techniques noted in Practice D4861.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice may be used to estimate the potential for human exposure to pesticide residues that may be dislodged fromresidential floor surfaces by dermal contact. The sampling
23、 device employed is designed to approximately replicate the pressureapplied by a 9 kg child crawling or walking on the floor.5.2 Laboratory tests and field studies have shown that the transfer coefficient of the sampling device for collection of driedpesticide residues from nylon plush carpets is tw
24、o to three times higher than that of a dry hand (palm only) pressed ten times at7300 Pa over the same area of carpet (2, 4, 5).5.3 This practice has been found suitable for use on plush and level loop carpets and vinyl flooring (2, 3).5.4 This practice does not describe procedures for evaluation of
25、the safety of floor surfaces or the potential for human exposureto dislodgeable pesticide residues. It is the users responsibility to evaluate the data collected by this practice and make suchdeterminations in the light of other available information.6. Interferences6.1 There are no known interferen
26、ces to the collection of dislodgeable pesticide residues from floors using this practice. Thepresence of excessive moisture levels in carpeting, as may be the case shortly after a wet cleaning operation, may affect thedislodgeability of residues, possibly yielding higher than normal results.6.2 Anal
27、ytical interferences may be caused by contaminants in the sampling medium, solvents, and reagents and on glasswareand other sampling or sample processing hardware that result in discrete artifacts and elevated baselines, or both, in the detectorprofiles. For potential analytical interferences, refer
28、 to Practice D4861.7. Apparatus7.1 PUF Roller Sampler, (as shown in Fig. 1) may be constructed by a machinist using primarily aluminum materials. Thetypical apparatus consists of a frame (12.4 by 25.4 cm) that is attached to a rear axle that holds a swivel joint in the center forattaching the handle
29、 and has two aluminum wheels (2.5-cm wide by 10.2-cm diameter). The distance between the outside of thetwo wheels is 21.6 cm and between the inside of the wheels is 16.5 cm. An aluminum cylinder (7.6-cm long by 4.3-cm diameter)is attached to the front of the sampler frame by 6-mm diameter hex head a
30、xle bolts on the cylinder that fit into slots on the frame.This cylinder serves as the front axle and also holds the PUF sampling medium (see 7.2). The front axle cylinder is secured in theslots by spring steel retaining clips that permit easy attachment and removal of the cylinder. The handle for t
31、he sampler is twopieces that screw together (102-cm long by 1.3-cm diameter, overall) and then screw into the swivel joint on the rear axle. Twostainless steel blocks, each measuring 12.7 by 7.3 by 2.5 cm and having a combined weight of 3.88 kg, are attached to the centerof the frame through holes t
32、hat fit over 3-mm diameter threaded posts on either side of the frame. The weights are secured to theframe with hand-tightened knurled nuts.3 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.D6333 172NOTE 1Although the use of stainless steel to construc
33、t the weights is not required (other materials of similar density will suffice), the ease of cleaningand resistance to corrosion make this metal very useful.7.2 PUF Sampling MediumThe sampling medium consists of an annular plug cut from a sheet of medium density (0.029g/cm3) open-cell, polyether-typ
34、e polyurethane foam, 7.6-cm thick.NOTE 2This foam is the type used commercially in upholstery and is widely used for air sampling. It is the same type as that described in PracticeD4861, but has a higher density.7.2.1 Cut the foam sheet stock with a high-speed cutting die lubricated with distilled w
35、ater to produce an annular ring 8.9-cmO.D. by 4.2-cm I.D. Alternatively, the PUF sheet stock may be immersed in distilled water and compressed to achieve saturationprior to cutting.7.2.2 After cutting, immerse the rings in pesticide grade acetone and compress to remove most of the distilled water. R
36、epeatthe process.7.2.3 Extract the rings with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor for 24 h at 4 to 6 cycles/h, followed by a second extraction with 5 %diethyl ether in n-hexane for an additional 14 to 24 h at 4 to 6 cycles/h. A final 24-h extraction with acetone is recommended toensure that the PUF ring
37、retains its shape.7.2.4 Upon completion of the Soxhlet extractions, transfer the PUF rings with solvent-rinsed tweezers into an open, pre-cleanedcontainer (Refer to Practice D4861 for cleaning).7.2.5 Place containers with PUF rings inside a vacuum drying oven and dry for 16 h under purified zero gra
38、de nitrogen.7.2.6 Place the dried rings in clean, sealed containers for storage, preferably in an area protected from prolonged exposure tolight.7.3 Guide BarA flat bar or ruler approximately 1.4-m long can be used to guide the sampler during a traverse over the floorsurface. For example, an aluminu
39、m bar 2.5-cm wide and 6-mm thick may be used in this application. The bar is clearly markedat the starting point and at 10-cm intervals along its length up to and including the ending point at the 1.0-m mark. The startingpoint is marked on the bar about 34 cm from one end so that the wheels of the s
40、ampler will contact the bar when the front of thesampler is in place to begin a sampling traverse.7.3.1 Alternatively, a template may be constructed to serve as a guide for sampling.An example of such a template that has beenfound useful may be constructed from two 168-cm long right-angled side bars
41、 made from extruded aluminum or other suitablematerial with each side of the L-shaped bar having a width of about 2.5 cm. The two angled sidebars are connected at each endwith a 2.5-cm wide flat bar that is 21.5-cm long, thereby resulting in two tracks that will accommodate the rear wheels of the PU
42、Froller with only a slight tolerance. The thickness of the side and end bars is approximately 0.3 cm. The vertical height of the sidebars should be sufficient to keep the wheels on the track, for example 2.5 cm. The carpet surface is exposed through a centralopening 163 by 16.5 cm in dimension. The
43、template is clearly marked at the starting point and at 10-cm intervals along its lengthup to and including the ending point at the 1.0-m mark. The starting point is marked on the template about 34 cm from one endso that the wheels of the sampler will remain upon the tracks with some room to spare w
44、hen the front of the sampler is in positionto begin a sample traverse.FIG. 1 PUF Roller: A. In Position for Sampling. B. Axle Cylinder/Frame Assembly.D6333 1737.4 Starting PlatformAthin (1.6-mm) aluminum sheet (33 by 25.4 cm) to be used as a platform to prevent contact of the PUFring with the surfac
45、e to be sampled before starting a sampling traverse.7.5 Other Equipment:7.5.1 Tongs, large (23-cm long), scissor type, stainless steel tongs, or similar implements, for installing and removing the PUFrings from the sampler apparatus.7.5.2 GlovesProtective gloves, powder-free nitrile, latex, or polyv
46、inyl acetate, are required to guard against potentiallyhazardous exposures and to minimize risk of cross contamination between sampler apparatus and sampling media.7.5.3 Squeeze BottleA plastic (polytetrafluroethylene) squeeze bottle, 250500-mL volume, is filled with solvent and is usedto rinse the
47、sampler apparatus that contacts the sampling media and the tongs used to install and remove the media.7.5.4 Stopwatch.7.5.5 Clean Glass Jars, for the collection and storage of samples.7.5.6 Thermometer (see Specification E1).7.5.7 Relative Humidity Meter (see Test Method E337).8. Reagents8.1 Acetone
48、, pesticide quality.8.2 n-Hexane, pesticide quality.8.3 Diethyl Ether, analytical reagent grade, preserved with 2 % ethanol.8.4 2-Propanol, pesticide quality.8.5 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents shall co
49、nform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, wheresuch specifications are available.48.6 Purity of WaterReferences to distilled water shall be understood to mean distilled water, which is Type II reagent waterconforming to Specification D1193.9. Sampling Procedure9.1 Sampling Layout:9.1.1 At least three samples should be collected in the room to be monitored. Unless the monitoring protocol requires otherwise,the areas to be sampled should be selected in a manner that reflects the average surface of the
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