1、Designation: D 6371 05An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coldfilter plugging point (CFPP) temperature of
3、diesel and domes-tic heating fuels using either manual or automated apparatus.NOTE 1This test method is technically equivalent to test methodsIP 309 and EN 116.1.2 The manual apparatus and automated apparatus are bothsuitable for referee purposes.1.3 This test method is applicable to distillate fuel
4、s, includ-ing those containing a flow-improving or other additive,intended for use in diesel engines and domestic heatinginstallations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to add
5、ress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referen
6、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Det
7、ection Stepped Cooling Method)D 5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D 5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 IP Standards:3IP 309 Diesel and domestic h
8、eating fuels - Determination ofcold filter plugging pointSpecifications for IP Standard Thermometers2.3 ISO Standards:4IP 3310 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing -Part 1: Metal cloth2.4 European Standards:5EN 116 Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determinationof cold filter plugging
9、point3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 certified reference material, na stable petroleumproduct with a method-specific nominal CFPP value estab-lished by a method-specific interlaboratory study followingRR:D02-10076guidelines or ISO Guides 34 and 35.43.1.2 cold f
10、ilter plugging point, nhighest temperature,expressed in multiples of 1C, at which a given volume of fuelfails to pass through a standardized filtration device in aspecified time when cooled under the conditions prescribed inthis test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen of the sample is co
11、oled under specifiedconditions and, at intervals of 1C, is drawn into a pipet undera controlled vacuum through a standardized wire mesh filter.The procedure is repeated, as the specimen continues to cool,for each 1C below the first test temperature. Testing iscontinued until the amount of wax crysta
12、ls that have separatedout of solution is sufficient to stop or slow down the flow sothat the time taken to fill the pipet exceeds 60 s or the fuel failsto return completely to the test jar before the fuel has cooled bya further 1C.4.2 The indicated temperature at which the last filtrationwas commenc
13、ed is recorded as the CFPP.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previo
14、us edition approved in 1999 as D 637199.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energ
15、y Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from European Committee for Standardization, Central Secretariat,Rue Brderode 2, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.6Supporting data hav
16、e been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Signifi
17、cance and Use5.1 The CFPP of a fuel is suitable for estimating the lowesttemperature at which a fuel will give trouble-free flow incertain fuel systems.5.2 In the case of diesel fuel used in European light dutytrucks, the results are usually close to the temperature of failurein service except when
18、the fuel system contains, for example,a paper filter installed in a location exposed to the weather orif the filter plugging temperature is more than 12C below thecloud point value in accordance with Test Method D 2500,D 5771, D 5772,orD 5773. Domestic heating installations areusually less critical
19、and often operate satisfactorily at tempera-tures somewhat lower than those indicated by the test results.5.3 The difference in results obtained from the sample asreceived and after heat treatment at 45C for 30 min can beused to investigate complaints of unsatisfactory performanceunder low temperatu
20、re conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Manual Apparatus:6.1.1 The apparatus, as detailed in 6.1.2-6.1.13, shall bearranged as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 Test Jar, cylindrical, of clear glass, flat bottomed, withan internal diameter of 31.5 6 0.5 mm, a wall thickness of 1.2560.25 mm and a height of 120 6 5 mm. The
21、 jar shall have apermanent mark at the 45 6 1 mL level.NOTE 2Test jars of the required dimensions may be obtained byselection from jars conforming to Test Method D 2500, which specifies awider diameter tolerance.6.1.3 Jacket, brass, watertight, cylindrical, flat bottomed, tobe used as an air bath. I
22、t shall have an inside diameter of 4560.25 mm, outside diameter of 48 6 0.25 mm, and a height of115 6 3 mm (see Fig. 2).6.1.4 Insulating Ring, made from oil-resistant plastics orother suitable material, to be placed in the bottom of the jacket(see 6.1.3) to provide insulation for the bottom of the t
23、est jar.It shall fit closely inside the jacket and have a thickness of 6 +0.3 - 0.0 mm.6.1.5 Spacers (two), approximately 5-mm thick, made ofoil-resistant plastics or other suitable material, to be placed asshown in Fig. 1 around the test jar (see 6.1.2) to provideinsulation for the test jar from th
24、e sides of the jacket. Thespacers shall fit closely to the test jar and closely inside thejacket. The use of incomplete rings, each with a 2-mmcircumferential gap, will accommodate variations in test jardiameter. The spacers and insulating ring may be made as asingle part as shown in Fig. 3.6.1.6 Su
25、pporting Ring, of oil resistant plastics or othersuitable non-metallic, non-absorbent, oil-resistant material,used to suspend the jacket (see 6.1.3) in a stable and uprightposition in the cooling bath and to provide a concentriclocation for the stopper (see 6.1.7). A design is shown in Fig.4 for gui
26、dance, but this design may be modified to suit thecooling bath.6.1.7 Stopper, of oil-resistant plastics or other suitablenonmetallic, nonabsorbent, oil-resistant material, to fit the testjar and the support ring as shown in Fig. 5. It shall have threeholes to accommodate the pipet (see 6.1.8) and th
27、e thermom-eter (see 6.1.9) and to allow venting of the system. If necessary,when using the high-range thermometer (see 6.1.9), the upperpart of the stopper shall have an indentation to permit thethermometer (see 6.1.9) to be read down to a temperature of-30C. A pointer shall be fitted to the upper s
28、urface of thestopper to facilitate location of the thermometer in relation toNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 1 Arrangement of Manual CFPP ApparatusNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 2 Wat
29、ertight Brass JacketD6371052the bottom of the test jar. A spring wire clip shall be used toretain the thermometer in the correct position.6.1.8 Pipet with Filter Unit:6.1.8.1 Pipet, of clear glass with a calibration mark corre-sponding to a contained volume of 20 6 0.2 mL at a point 1496 0.5 mm from
30、 the bottom of the pipet (see Fig. 6). It shall beconnected to the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2).6.1.8.2 Filter Unit (see Fig. 7), containing the followingelements:(1) Brass Body, with a threaded cavity that houses the wiremesh holder. The cavity shall be fitted with an O-ring ofoil-resistant plastics.
31、The internal diameter of the central tubeshall be 4 6 0.1 mm.(2) Brass Screw Cap, to connect the upper part of the bodyof the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2) to the lower part of the pipet (see6.1.8.1) to ensure a leak-free joint. An example of satisfactoryconnection is shown in Fig. 7.(3) Disc,156 0.1-mm
32、 diameter, of plain weave stainlesssteel wire mesh gauze with a nominal aperture size of 45 m.The nominal diameter of the wire shall be 32 m, and thetolerance for the size of an individual aperture shall be asfollows:No aperture size shall exceed the nominal size by morethan 22 m.The average apertur
33、e size shall be within 6 3.1 m of thenominal size.Not more than 6 % of the apertures shall be above thenominal size by more than 13 m.(4) Filter Holder of Brass, in which the disc of wire meshgauze (see 6.1.8.2 (3) is firmly clamped by a retaining ringpressed into the filter holder. The diameter of
34、the exposed partof the gauze shall be 12 + 0.1 - 0.0 mm (see Fig. 8).(5) Brass Cylinder, threaded on the outside, that can bescrewed into the cavity of the body (see 6.1.8.2 (1) to clampthe filter holder (see 6.1.8.2 (4) against the O-ring (6.1.8.2NOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma
35、 (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 3 SpacersNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 4 Supporting RingNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 5 Stopper with Holes for Thermometer, Pipet, and VentD63
36、71053(1), The lower end shall have four slots to allow the specimento flow into the filter unit.NOTE 3The requirements for the wire mesh are taken from ISO 3310,to which reference may be made for methods for testing the gauze.6.1.9 Thermometers, having ranges shown below and con-forming to the requi
37、rements prescribed in Specification E1orSpecifications for IP Standard Thermometers.Thermometer NumberThermometer Temperature Range ASTM IPHigh-range for CFPP down to30C38C to +50C 5C 1CLow-range from CFPP below30C80C to +20C 6C 2CCooling bath 80C to +20C 6C 2C6.1.10 Cooling Bath:6.1.10.1 The type o
38、f cooling bath is optional, but it shall beof a shape and size suitable for containing the jacket (see 6.1.3)in a stable and upright position at the required depth.6.1.10.2 The bath shall be fitted with a cover with one ormore holes in it to accommodate the supporting ring (see6.1.6). The jacket (se
39、e 6.1.3) may be permanently mounted inthe cover.6.1.10.3 The bath temperature shall be maintained at therequired value and tolerance by a refrigeration unit or by theuse of suitable freezing mixtures, ensuring a homogenoustemperature in the bath by stirring or other means of agitation.Table 1 lists
40、the bath temperature set-points required in theCFPP procedure. If only one bath is utilized, it must have theNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 6 PipetNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 7 Fi
41、lter UnitNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used asthe decimal point.FIG. 8 Brass Filter HolderTABLE 1 Cooling Bath TemperaturesExpected CFPP Required Cooling Bath Temperature(s)Down to 20C 34 6 0.5CBetween 20C and 35C 34 6 0.5C then 51 6 1CBelow 35C 34 6 0.5C then 51 6 1C t
42、hen 67 6 2CD6371054ability to change down to the next lower set-point temperaturein a time period not exceeding 2 min 30 s.6.1.11 Stopcock, glass, with double oblique bore of 3-mmdiameter.6.1.12 Vacuum Source, vacuum pump or water pump pow-erful enough to ensure an air flow rate in the vacuum regula
43、torof 15 6 1 L/h for the duration of the test.6.1.13 Vacuum Regulator, consisting of a glass bottle, atleast 350-mm high, not less than 5 L capacity, partially filledwith water. It shall be closed by a stopper with three holes ofconvenient diameters for glass tubes. Two tubes shall be shortand shall
44、 not go below the water level. The third tube, with aninternal diameter of 10 6 1 mm, shall be long enough for oneend to be approximately 200 mm beneath the surface of thewater while the other end reaches a few centimetres above thestopper. The depth of the immersed part shall then be adjustedto obt
45、ain a depression of 200 6 1 mm of water (2 6 0.05 kPa)on the manometer, which shall contain water. A second empty5 L bottle shall be fitted in the line to serve as a vacuumreservoir to ensure a constant depression. The arrangement isshown in Fig. 1.6.1.14 Stopwatch, with a graduation or reading of 0
46、.2 s orlower, with an accuracy of 0.1 % over a period of 10 min.6.2 Automated Apparatus:6.2.1 The automated apparatus shall include elements con-forming to 6.1.1-6.1.8, platinum resistance thermometers,cooling bath(s), vacuum pump, and suitable electronic controland measurement devices.6.2.2 Cooling
47、 Bath, a refrigeration unit capable of maintain-ing the cooling bath at the required temperature and also ofautomatically changing the bath temperature within 2 min 30 sat the appropriate stage (see 12.2.5).6.2.3 Vacuum Pump, powerful enough to ensure an air flowrate in the vacuum regulator of a min
48、imum of 15 6 1 L/h, andto maintain a constant vacuum of 200 6 1mm(26 0.05 kPa)for the duration of the test. For multi-position testers using thesame vacuum pump, the flow rate shall be checked whenseveral positions are operating simultaneously.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Heptane, clean commercial o
49、r reagent grade.(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.)7.2 Acetone, clean commercial or reagent grade.(WarningExtremely flammable.)7.3 Filter Paper, (approximately 4 to 6 m retention).7.4 Certified Reference Materials.8. Sampling8.1 Unless otherwise specified in the commodity specifica-tion, samples shall be taken as described in Practice D 4057 orD 4177 in accordance with the requirements of national stan-dards or regulation for the sampling of the product under test,or both.9. Preparation of Test Specimen9.1 Filter a
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