1、Designation: D6381 08D6381/D6381M 08 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical UpliftResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6381;D6381/D6381M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in November 2013.1. Scope1.1 This test me
3、thod covers measuring the uplift resistance of asphalt roofing shingles by mechanical means. It is applicableto shingles that use a factory-applied or field-applied sealant.1.2 There are several types of shingles designed for service without a factory-applied or field-applied sealant. These shingles
4、,when applied in accordance with the manufacturers application instructions, employ other means to provide resistance against theforces generated by the action of wind such as geometry and shingle construction. Field experience has shown that these types ofshingles function satisfactorily in service
5、. Because there are a variety of these shingle designs, it is not practical to describe in thistest method how to test these shingles for uplift resistance. The testing of these types of shingles, therefore, goes beyond the scopeof this test method.1.3 This test method describes two procedures for m
6、easuring shingle uplift resistance. ProcedureAemploys a specially designedapparatus with a clamping device which facilitates lifting of the edge of the shingle and measuring the force required to break theseal. Procedure B employs a metal “T” section adhered to the weather surface of the shingle to
7、facilitate application andmeasurement of a perpendicular force to break the seal.1.4 It is not prohibited to use this test method over a range of sealing time and temperature combinations and testingtemperatures to simulate a variety of actual field use conditions. The times and temperatures used sh
8、all be stated in the report.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given inparentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard. stated in each sy
9、stem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
10、e responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D228 Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, andAnalysis ofAsphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets,
11、and Shingles Used in Roofing andWaterproofingD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD3462 Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral GranulesD7158 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)3. Term
12、inology3.1 DefinitionsFor definition of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.0
13、2 on SteepRoofing Products and Assemblies.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008Nov. 15, 2013. Published December 2008November 2013. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20032008as D6381 03b.D6381 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6381-08.10.1520/D6381_D6381M-08R13E01.2 For referencedASTM s
14、tandards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of a
15、n ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publi
16、shed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 sealas it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under the actiono
17、f time and temperature.3.2.2 sealantas it relates to steep roofing shingles, is defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to seal theshingles to each other under the action of time and temperature after the shingles are applied to a roof.3.2.3 sealedas it relates to steep roofing
18、 shingles, is the condition of the shingles after the sealant has been activated by theaction of time and temperature.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimens are constructed from pieces of shingles, overlaid and sealed prior to testing. All specimens are thenconditioned and tested at selecte
19、d temperatures. Specimens are tested in Procedure A by lifting the exposed edge and recordingthe uplift force required to break the seal, and in Procedure B, by recording the perpendicular force required to break the seal.5. Significance and Use5.1 Uplift resistance is one of the properties of an ap
20、plied shingle that relates to its ability to withstand wind forces. Themechanical tests described are laboratory methods to measure that resistance at a designated temperature after the shingles havebeen sealed under designated conditions.5.1.1 No quantitative relationship has been established betwe
21、en the mechanical uplift resistance and uplift forces due to thewind.5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, contamination bydirt and debris, roof slope, and interference by misplaced fasteners. It is not the objective of this
22、test method to address all of theseinfluences. This test method is designed to determine the mechanical uplift resistance when representative specimens of shinglesare sealed under selected conditions prior to testing.5.3 Procedure A produces lower results than Procedure B. Procedure A provides an ed
23、ge-lift load value and Procedure Bprovides a perpendicular load value. The procedure applicable to a specific product depends on the specific product design,geometry, and rigidity. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the appropriate procedure with referenceto the sp
24、ecific product and application. It is possible that engineering calculations would require both procedures to be employed,and for both results to be used in the calculation of the resistance of that specific product to the effects of wind.5.4 When using this method in conjunction with Test Method D7
25、158 to determine the uplift resistance of shingles as part ofthe determination of wind resistance of the shingles, determine the appropriate procedure (Procedure A, Procedure B, or both) inaccordance with the discussion, and examples, of shingle geometry and sealant configuration in Section 12.2 of
26、Test MethodD7158.6. Apparatus6.1 The Tensile Testing Machine, shall be a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type.6.2 Heavy-Duty Paper Cutter, steel rule, die, or template 95 by 114 mm (3334 by 412 in.)in. and 95 by 178 mm (3334 by 7in.)in. for Procedure A, and 102 by 152 mm (44 by 6 in.)in. and 95 by
27、38 mm (3334 by 112 in.)in. for Procedure B.FIG. 1 Shingle Uplift Test ApparatusProcedure AD6381/D6381M 08 (2013)126.3 The Test Fixture for Procedure A is a specially designed apparatus and drawings are on file at ASTM InternationalHeadquarters.3Fig. 1 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical tensile
28、 testing machine with a specimen in place.6.4 The Test Fixture for Procedure B is identical to that used to determine Fastener Pull-Through Resistance in SpecificationD3462, except that a 3 mm (18 in.)in. -thick aluminum mask 102 by 152 mm (44 by 6 in.)in. with a central opening 44 by 102mm (1134 by
29、 4 in.)in. is used to restrain the specimen, and a 95 mm (3334 in.)in. length of 38 mm (1112 in.)in. aluminum“T” section is used to apply the perpendicular uplift force to the specimen. Two 127 mm (5 in.)5 in. equal lengths of chain forma bridle that is hooked into holes drilled in the web of the “T
30、” section. Fig. 2 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical tensile testingmachine with a specimen in place.6.4.1 The two chains are suspended from a common closed S-hook that is pinned, but free to rotate, in the upper fixture of thetest machine. Open S-hooks attached to the end of each chain are in
31、serted into holes drilled 6 mm (14 in.)in. from each end, and13 mm (12 in.)in. from the top, of the web of the “T” section. This arrangement of hooks and chains forms a free-swinging bridlethat ensures perpendicular force application, and minimizes inducement of peeling forces, even when the test sp
32、ecimens are notuniformly sealed along their length.6.5 Temperature-Controlled Chamber , to seal the specimens, capable of maintaining a temperature within 61.5C(62.5F)62.5F of the selected temperature. The sample tray shall be a rigid support large enough to hold specimens in thechamber.6.6 Temperat
33、ure-Controlled Test Chamber, capable of control within 61.5C (62.5F)62.5F which shall be used whentesting the specimens at other than room temperature.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Samples for testing shall be selected in accordance with the method specified in the sampling section of Test Methods D228
34、.The test shall consist of ten specimens per test condition, as described in the following paragraphs.3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Ashcraft Machine and Supply Inc., 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055. SpecifyShingle Tab Uplift Tester, Model 102.
35、 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 2 Shingle Uplift Test ApparatusProcedure BD6381/D6381M 08 (2
36、013)137.2 Specimens taken from the sample of shingles shall be representative of the typical geometry (area), thickness (caliper), andcontamination level (back surface particles, and so forth) of the adhesive in the lot of material being investigated.7.3 When using Procedure A, insertion of the test
37、 apparatus can be a problem for cases where the sealant is brittle and weakor where it is applied close to the leading edge of the shingle. For these, and other such cases where normal insertion of the topclamp of the apparatus is a concern, an alternate technique of attaching to the top of the spec
38、imen is not prohibited (see 7.7.3).7.4 The sealant present on the specimen to be tested shall be proportionally representative of the sealant present on the shinglewhen it is installed in the field. For example, if the linear coverage of the sealant geometry on a shingle using factory-appliedsealant
39、 is 50 %, then the sealant shall cover 50 % of the width of the test specimen.7.4.1 For a specimen representing field-applied sealant, for example, if the sealant is in a dot pattern then the same dot size andpattern shall be used on the laboratory-prepared specimen, following the manufacturers appl
40、ication instructions.7.5 In Procedure A, a specimen consists of a bottom piece 95 by 178 mm (3334 by 7 in.);in.; and a top piece 95 by 114 mm(3334 by 412 in.);in.; both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for single-layer shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles.For multi-layer shingles tha
41、t do not have a single-layer area from which to cut the top piece, cut the top piece at the point of thefewest layers. Longer or shorter specimens are not prohibited provided both clamps secure the specimen when it is aligned in thetest fixture. The length of the specimens shall be determined for pr
42、oper alignment in the fixture. Dimensional tolerances are 63mm (6618 in.)in. on the width of the specimen.7.6 In Procedure B, a specimen consists of a bottom piece 102 by 152 mm (44 by 6 in.)in. and a top piece 38 by 95 mm (1112by 334 in.)in. both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for single-
43、layer shingles, or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. Formulti-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer top piece, cut the top piece at the point of the fewest layers. Dimensionaltolerances are 63 mm (6618 in.)in. on the width and length of the specimen.7.7 In Procedure A, lay the top piece ove
44、r the bottom piece, as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, and in a manner representative of theactual alignment as specified in the shingle manufacturers application instructions.7.7.1 Not all multi-layer shingles have the sealant in the same location on the shingle. Whether the sealant is on the top of theb
45、ottom piece, or on the bottom of the top piece, the “A” dimension in Procedure A is determined by measuring the distance fromthe leading edge of the sealant to the leading edge of the top piece when the sample pieces are correctly positioned (in accordancewith 7.7). In the case where the sealant is
46、on the back of the top piece, the bottom piece shall be cut so that when the top pieceis correctly positioned on the bottom piece, the sealant is in contact with the lower shingle in the same area of the surface it wouldcontact when correctly installed on a roof in accordance with the manufacturers
47、instructions. The critical dimension in ProcedureA is the distance the top piece overlaps the sealant on the bottom piece (denoted A in Figs. 4a and 4b). This dimension shall beequal to the overlap in the specified application.7.7.2 Position the specimens on the tray without overlapping or stacking
48、of the individual specimens.7.7.3 For cases when an alternate top attachment method is desired (see 7.3) a special metal connector4 shall be epoxy-bondedto the top piece of the specimen following sealant bonding and prior to conditioning and testing. This metal connector shall beequal to the width o
49、f the specimen. It shall be positioned at the edge of the top piece and bonded to adequately attach to the topof the specimen to facilitate insertion of the test fixture. A photo of the connector, attached to a test specimen, is shown in Fig.5. The top clamp assembly attached to this connector is shown in Fig. 6.7.8 In Procedure B, lay the top piece centered over the bottom piece as shown in Fig. 7a. The pieces are cut such that the sealantmaterial is centered on the long axis of the rectangular pie
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