1、Designation: D6381/D6381M 15Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical UpliftResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6381/D6381M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring the uplift resistanceof asphalt roofing shingles by mechanical means. It is ap
3、pli-cable to shingles that use a factory-applied or field-appliedsealant.1.2 There are several types of shingles designed for servicewithout a factory-applied or field-applied sealant. Theseshingles, when applied in accordance with the manufacturersapplication instructions, employ other means to pro
4、vide resis-tance against the forces generated by the action of wind such asgeometry and shingle construction. Field experience has shownthat these types of shingles function satisfactorily in service.Because there are a variety of these shingle designs, it is notpractical to describe in this test me
5、thod how to test theseshingles for uplift resistance. The testing of these types ofshingles, therefore, goes beyond the scope of this test method.1.3 This test method describes two procedures for measur-ing shingle uplift resistance. Procedure A employs a speciallydesigned apparatus with a clamping
6、device which facilitateslifting of the edge of the shingle and measuring the forcerequired to break the seal. Procedure B employs a metal “T”section adhered to the weather surface of the shingle tofacilitate application and measurement of a perpendicular forceto break the seal.1.4 It is not prohibit
7、ed to use this test method over a rangeof sealing time and temperature combinations and testingtemperatures to simulate a variety of actual field use condi-tions. The times and temperatures used shall be stated in thereport.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regard
8、ed separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
9、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D228 Test Methods for Sampling, Tes
10、ting, and Analysis ofAsphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used inRoofing and WaterproofingD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD3462 Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from GlassFelt and Surfaced with Mineral GranulesD7158 Test Method for Wind Resistance ofAsphalt Sh
11、ingles(Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definition of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D1079.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 sealas it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthebonding that results from the activation of
12、the sealant under theaction of time and temperature.3.2.2 sealantas it relates to steep roofing shingles,isdefined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed toseal the shingles to each other under the action of time andtemperature after the shingles are applied to a roof.3.2.3 sealedas i
13、t relates to steep roofing shingles,isthecondition of the shingles after the sealant has been activated bythe action of time and temperature.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimens are constructed from pieces ofshingles, overlaid and sealed prior to testing. All specimens arethen conditioned
14、 and tested at selected temperatures. Speci-mens are tested in Procedure A by lifting the exposed edge and1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on SteepRoofing Products and Assemblies.Curre
15、nt edition approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6381 08 (2013)1.DOI: 10.1520/D6381_D6381M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
16、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1recording the uplift force required to break the seal, and inProcedure B,
17、by recording the perpendicular force required tobreak the seal.5. Significance and Use5.1 Uplift resistance is one of the properties of an appliedshingle that relates to its ability to withstand wind forces. Themechanical tests described are laboratory methods to measurethat resistance at a designat
18、ed temperature after the shingleshave been sealed under designated conditions.5.1.1 This test method determines the mechanical upliftresistance of sealed shingles by direct measurement in aprescribed manner. See Test Method D7158 for the relationshipbetween this mechanical uplift resistance and the
19、uplift forcesderived from the action of wind.5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics ofshingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, contami-nation by dirt and debris, roof slope, and interference bymisplaced fasteners. It is not the objective of this test methodto address al
20、l of these influences. This test method is designedto determine the mechanical uplift resistance when represen-tative specimens of shingles are sealed under selected condi-tions prior to testing.5.3 Procedure A produces lower results than Procedure B.Procedure A provides an edge-lift load value and
21、Procedure Bprovides a perpendicular load value. The procedure applicableto a specific product depends on the specific product design,geometry, and rigidity. It is the responsibility of the user of thistest method to determine the appropriate procedure withreference to the specific product and applic
22、ation. It is possiblethat engineering calculations would require both procedures tobe employed, and for both results to be used in the calculationof the resistance of that specific product to the effects of wind.5.4 When using this method in conjunction with TestMethod D7158 to determine the uplift
23、resistance of shingles aspart of the determination of wind resistance of the shingles,determine the appropriate procedure (Procedure A, ProcedureB, or both) in accordance with the discussion, and examples, ofshingle geometry and sealant configuration in Section 12.2 ofTest Method D7158.6. Apparatus6
24、.1 The Tensile Testing Machine, shall be a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type.6.2 Heavy-Duty Paper Cutter, steel rule, die, or template 95by 114 mm 334 by 412 in. and 95 by 178 mm 334 by 7 in.for Procedure A, and 102 by 152 mm 4 by 6 in. and 95 by 38mm 334 by 112 in. for Procedure B.6.3 The Test
25、Fixture for Procedure A is a specially designedapparatus and drawings are on file at ASTM InternationalHeadquarters.3Fig. 1 is a photo of the apparatus in a typicaltensile testing machine with a specimen in place.6.4 The Test Fixture for Procedure B is identical to that usedto determine Fastener Pul
26、l-Through Resistance in SpecificationD3462, except thata3mm18 in. -thick aluminum mask 102by 152 mm 4 by 6 in. with a central opening 44 by 102 mm134 by 4 in. is used to restrain the specimen, and a 95 mm334 in. length of 38 mm 112 in. aluminum “T” section isused to apply the perpendicular uplift fo
27、rce to the specimen.Two 127 mm 5 in. equal lengths of chain form a bridle thatis hooked into holes drilled in the web of the “T” section. Fig.2 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical tensile testing machinewith a specimen in place.6.4.1 The two chains are suspended from a common closedS-hook that
28、is pinned, but free to rotate, in the upper fixture ofthe test machine. Open S-hooks attached to the end of eachchain are inserted into holes drilled 6 mm 14 in. from each3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Ashcraft Machine and Supply Inc., 185 Wilson St
29、., Newark, Ohio 43055. SpecifyShingle Tab Uplift Tester, Model 102. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend
30、.FIG. 1 Shingle Uplift Test ApparatusProcedure AD6381/D6381M 152end, and 13 mm 12 in. from the top, of the web of the “T”section. This arrangement of hooks and chains forms a free-swinging bridle that ensures perpendicular force application,and minimizes inducement of peeling forces, even when thete
31、st specimens are not uniformly sealed along their length.6.5 Temperature-Controlled Chamber, to seal thespecimens, capable of maintaining a temperature within61.5C 62.5F of the selected temperature. The sample trayshall be a rigid support large enough to hold specimens in thechamber.6.6 Temperature-
32、Controlled Test Chamber, capable of con-trol within 61.5C 62.5F which shall be used when testingthe specimens at other than room temperature.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Samples for testing shall be selected in accordance withthe method specified in the sampling section of Test MethodsD228. The test s
33、hall consist of ten specimens per test condition,as described in the following paragraphs.7.2 Specimens taken from the sample of shingles shall berepresentative of the typical geometry (area), thickness(caliper), and contamination level (back surface particles, andso forth) of the adhesive in the lo
34、t of material being investi-gated.7.3 When using Procedure A, insertion of the test apparatuscan be a problem for cases where the sealant is brittle and weakor where it is applied close to the leading edge of the shingle.For these, and other such cases where normal insertion of thetop clamp of the a
35、pparatus is a concern, an alternate techniqueof attaching to the top of the specimen is not prohibited (see7.7.3).7.4 The sealant present on the specimen to be tested shall beproportionally representative of the sealant present on theshingle when it is installed in the field. For example, if theline
36、ar coverage of the sealant geometry on a shingle usingfactory-applied sealant is 50 %, then the sealant shall cover50 % of the width of the test specimen.7.4.1 For a specimen representing field-applied sealant, forexample, if the sealant is in a dot pattern then the same dot sizeand pattern shall be
37、 used on the laboratory-prepared specimen,following the manufacturers application instructions.7.5 In Procedure A, a specimen consists of a bottom piece95 by 178 mm 334 by 7 in.; and a top piece 95 by 114 mm334 by 412 in.; both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3afor single-layer shingles or Fig
38、. 3b for multi-layer shingles. Formulti-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer area fromwhich to cut the top piece, cut the top piece at the point of thefewest layers. Longer or shorter specimens are not prohibitedFIG. 2 Shingle Uplift Test ApparatusProcedure BD6381/D6381M 153provided both c
39、lamps secure the specimen when it is aligned inthe test fixture. The length of the specimens shall be deter-mined for proper alignment in the fixture. Dimensional toler-ances are 63mm618 in. on the width of the specimen.7.6 In Procedure B, a specimen consists of a bottom piece102 by 152 mm 4 by 6 in
40、. and a top piece 38 by 95 mm 112by 334 in. both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a forsingle-layer shingles, or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. Formulti-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer top piece,cut the top piece at the point of the fewest layers. Dimensionaltolerances are 63
41、mm618 in. on the width and length of thespecimen.7.7 In Procedure A, lay the top piece over the bottom piece,as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, and in a manner representative ofthe actual alignment as specified in the shingle manufacturersapplication instructions.FIG. 3a Plan View of Shingle-Layer Shingle
42、 Showing Typical Specimen LocationsFIG. 3b Plan View of Multi-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen LocationsFIG. 3 Plan View Showing Typical Specimen LocationsD6381/D6381M 1547.7.1 Not all multi-layer shingles have the sealant in thesame location on the shingle. Whether the sealant is on the topof
43、 the bottom piece, or on the bottom of the top piece, the “A”dimension in Procedure A is determined by measuring thedistance from the leading edge of the sealant to the leadingedge of the top piece when the sample pieces are correctlypositioned (in accordance with 7.7). In the case where thesealant
44、is on the back of the top piece, the bottom piece shallbe cut so that when the top piece is correctly positioned on thebottom piece, the sealant is in contact with the lower shingle inthe same area of the surface it would contact when correctlyinstalled on a roof in accordance with the manufacturers
45、instructions. The critical dimension in Procedure A is thedistance the top piece overlaps the sealant on the bottom piece(denoted A in Figs. 4a and 4b). This dimension shall be equalto the overlap in the specified application.7.7.2 Position the specimens on the tray without overlap-ping or stacking
46、of the individual specimens.7.7.3 For cases when an alternate top attachment method isdesired (see 7.3) a special metal connector4shall be epoxy-bonded to the top piece of the specimen following sealantbonding and prior to conditioning and testing. This metalconnector shall be equal to the width of
47、the specimen. It shallbe positioned at the edge of the top piece and bonded toadequately attach to the top of the specimen to facilitate4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeisAshcraft Machine and Supply, 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055, and specifiedon th
48、e drawings for the apparatus. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1,which you may attend.FIG. 4a Top and Side View of Test Spec
49、imenProcedure AFIG. 4b Side View of Multi-Layer Test SpecimenProcedure AFIG. 4 Top and Side Views of Test SpecimenProcedure AD6381/D6381M 155insertion of the test fixture. A photo of the connector, attachedto a test specimen, is shown in Fig. 5. The top clamp assemblyattached to this connector is shown in Fig. 6.7.8 In Procedure B, lay the top piece centered over thebottom piece as shown in Fig. 7a. The pieces are cut such thatthe sealant material is centered on the long axis of therectangular piece, a
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