1、Designation: D 6381 03bStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical UpliftResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring the uplift resistanceof asphalt roofing shingles by mechanical means. It is appli-cable
3、to shingles that use a factory-applied or field-appliedsealant.1.2 There are several types of shingles designed for servicewithout a factory-applied or field-applied sealant. Theseshingles, when applied in accordance with the manufacturersapplication instructions, employ other means to provide resis
4、-tance against the forces generated by the action of wind such asgeometry and shingle construction. Field experience has shownthat these types of shingles function satisfactorily in service.Because there are a variety of these shingle designs, it is notpractical to describe in this test method how t
5、o test theseshingles for uplift resistance. The testing of these types ofshingles, therefore, goes beyond the scope of this test method.1.3 This test method describes two procedures for measur-ing shingle uplift resistance. Procedure A employs a speciallydesigned apparatus with a clamping device whi
6、ch facilitateslifting of the edge of the shingle and measuring the forcerequired to break the seal. Procedure B employs a metal “T”section adhered to the weather surface of the shingle tofacilitate application and measurement of a perpendicular forceto break the seal.1.4 It is not prohibited to use
7、this test method over a rangeof sealing time and temperature combinations and testingtemperatures to simulate a variety of actual field use condi-tions. The times and temperatures used shall be stated in thereport.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound va
8、lues given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of r
9、egulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 228 Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis ofAsphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used inRoofing and WaterproofingD 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing,and Bituminous MaterialsD 3462 S
10、pecification for Asphalt Shingles Made from GlassFelt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definition of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 1079.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 sealas it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthe
11、bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under theaction of time and temperature.3.2.2 sealantas it relates to steep roofing shingles,isdefined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed toseal the shingles to each other under the action of time andtemperature after the shi
12、ngles are applied to a roof.3.2.3 sealedas it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthecondition of the shingles after the sealant has been activated bythe action of time and temperature.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimens are constructed from pieces ofshingles, overlaid and sealed prior t
13、o testing. All specimens arethen conditioned and tested at selected temperatures. Speci-mens are tested in Procedure A by lifting the exposed edge andrecording the uplift force required to break the seal, and inProcedure B, by recording the perpendicular force required tobreak the seal.5. Significan
14、ce and Use5.1 Uplift resistance is one of the properties of an appliedshingle that relates to its ability to withstand wind forces. Themechanical tests described are laboratory methods to measure1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the
15、direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 onPrepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6381 03a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
16、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.that r
17、esistance at a designated temperature after the shingleshave been sealed under designated conditions.5.1.1 No quantitative relationship has been established be-tween the mechanical uplift resistance and uplift forces due tothe wind.5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics ofshingles in
18、 the field; for example, temperature, time, contami-nation by dirt and debris, roof slope, and interference bymisplaced fasteners. It is not the objective of this test methodto address all of these influences. This test method is designedto determine the mechanical uplift resistance when represen-ta
19、tive specimens of shingles are sealed under selected condi-tions prior to testing.5.3 Procedure A produces lower results than Procedure B.Procedure A provides an edge-lift load value and Procedure Bprovides a perpendicular load value. The procedure applicableto a specific product depends on the spec
20、ific product design,geometry, and rigidity. It is the responsibility of the user of thistest method to determine the appropriate procedure withreference to the specific product and application. It is possiblethat engineering calculations would require both procedures tobe employed, and for both resu
21、lts to be used in the calculationof the resistance of that specific product to the effects of wind.6. Apparatus6.1 The Tensile Testing Machine, shall be a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type.6.2 Heavy-Duty Paper Cutter, steel rule, die, or template 95by114mm(334 by 412 in.) and 95 by 178 mm (334 b
22、y 7 in.)for Procedure A, and 102 by 152 mm (4 by 6 in.) and 95 by 38mm (334 by 112 in.) for Procedure B.6.3 The Test Fixture for Procedure A is a specially designedapparatus and drawings are on file at ASTM InternationalHeadquarters.3Fig. 1 is a photo of the apparatus in a typicaltensile testing mac
23、hine with a specimen in place.6.4 The Test Fixture for Procedure B is identical to thatused to determine Fastener Pull-Through Resistance in Speci-fication D 3462, except thata3mm(18 in.) -thick aluminummask 102 by 152 mm (4 by 6 in.) with a central opening 44 by102 mm (134 by 4 in.) is used to rest
24、rain the specimen, and a95 mm (334 in.) length of 38 mm (112 in.) aluminum “T”section is used to apply the perpendicular uplift force to thespecimen. Two 127 mm (5 in.) equal lengths of chain form abridle that is hooked into holes drilled in the web of the “T”section. Fig. 2 is a photo of the appara
25、tus in a typical tensiletesting machine with a specimen in place.6.4.1 The two chains are suspended from a common closedS-hook that is pinned, but free to rotate, in the upper fixture ofthe test machine. Open S-hooks attached to the end of eachchain are inserted into holes drilled 6 mm (14 in.) from
26、 eachend, and 13 mm (12 in.) from the top, of the web of the “T”section. This arrangement of hooks and chains forms a free-swinging bridle that ensures perpendicular force application,and minimizes inducement of peeling forces, even when thetest specimens are not uniformly sealed along their length.
27、6.5 Temperature-Controlled Chamber, to seal the speci-mens, capable of maintaining a temperature within 61.5C(62.5F) of the selected temperature. The sample tray shall bea rigid support large enough to hold specimens in the chamber.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee a
28、t this timeis Ashcraft Machine and Supply Inc., 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055. SpecifyShingle Tab Uplift Tester, Model 102. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meetin
29、g of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Shingle Uplift Test ApparatusProcedure AD 6381 03b26.6 Temperature-Controlled Test Chamber, capable of con-trol within 61.5C (62.5F) which shall be used when testingthe specimens at other than room temperature.7. Specimen Preparati
30、on7.1 Samples for testing shall be selected in accordance withthe method specified in the sampling section of Test MethodsD 228. The test shall consist of ten specimens per test condi-tion, as described in the following paragraphs.7.2 Specimens taken from the sample of shingles shall berepresentativ
31、e of the typical geometry (area), thickness (cali-per), and contamination level (back surface particles, and soforth) of the adhesive in the lot of material being investigated.7.3 When using Procedure A, insertion of the test apparatuscan be a problem for cases where the sealant is brittle and weako
32、r where it is applied close to the leading edge of the shingle.For these, and other such cases where normal insertion of thetop clamp of the apparatus is a concern, an alternate techniqueof attaching to the top of the specimen is not prohibited (see7.7.3).7.4 The sealant present on the specimen to b
33、e tested shall beproportionally representative of the sealant present on theshingle when it is installed in the field. For example, if thelinear coverage of the sealant geometry on a shingle usingfactory-applied sealant is 50 %, then the sealant shall cover50 % of the width of the test specimen.7.4.
34、1 For a specimen representing field-applied sealant, forexample, if the sealant is in a dot pattern then the same dot sizeand pattern shall be used on the laboratory-prepared specimen,following the manufacturers application instructions.7.5 In Procedure A, a specimen consists of a bottom piece95 by
35、178 mm (334 by 7 in.); and a top piece 95 by 114 mm(334 by 412 in.); both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3afor single-layer shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. Formulti-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer area fromwhich to cut the top piece, cut the top piece at the point
36、 of thefewest layers. Longer or shorter specimens are not prohibitedprovided both clamps secure the specimen when it is aligned inthe test fixture. The length of the specimens shall be deter-mined for proper alignment in the fixture. Dimensional toler-ances are 63mm(618 in.) on the width of the spec
37、imen.7.6 In Procedure B, a specimen consists of a bottom piece102 by 152 mm (4 by 6 in.) and a top piece 38 by 95 mm (112by 334 in.) both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a forsingle-layer shingles, or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. Formulti-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer to
38、p piece,FIG. 2 Shingle Uplift Test ApparatusProcedure BD 6381 03b3cut the top piece at the point of the fewest layers. Dimensionaltolerances are 63mm(618 in.) on the width and length of thespecimen.7.7 In Procedure A, lay the top piece over the bottom piece,as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, and in a mann
39、er representative ofthe actual alignment as specified in the shingle manufacturersapplication instructions.7.7.1 Not all multi-layer shingles have the sealant in thesame location on the shingle. Whether the sealant is on the topof the bottom piece, or on the bottom of the top piece, the “A”dimension
40、 in Procedure A is determined by measuring thedistance from the leading edge of the sealant to the leadingedge of the top piece when the sample pieces are correctlypositioned (in accordance with 7.7). In the case where thesealant is on the back of the top piece, the bottom piece shallbe cut so that
41、when the top piece is correctly positioned on thebottom piece, the sealant is in contact with the lower shingle inthe same area of the surface it would contact when correctlyinstalled on a roof in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions. The critical dimension in Procedure A is theFIG. 3a Plan
42、 View of Shingle-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen LocationsFIG. 3b Plan View of Multi-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen LocationsD 6381 03b4distance the top piece overlaps the sealant on the bottom piece(denoted A in Figs. 4a and 4b). This dimension shall be equalto the overlap in the spe
43、cified application.7.7.2 Position the specimens on the tray without overlap-ping or stacking of the individual specimens.7.7.3 For cases when an alternate top attachment method isdesired (see 7.3) a special metal connector4shall be epoxy-bonded to the top piece of the specimen following sealantbondi
44、ng and prior to conditioning and testing. This metalconnector shall be equal to the width of the specimen. It shallbe positioned at the edge of the top piece and bonded toadequately attach to the top of the specimen to facilitateinsertion of the test fixture. A photo of the connector, attachedto a t
45、est specimen, is shown in Fig. 5. The top clamp assemblyattached to this connector is shown in Fig. 6.7.8 In Procedure B, lay the top piece centered over thebottom piece as shown in Fig. 7a. The pieces are cut such thatthe sealant material is centered on the long axis of therectangular piece, and is
46、 either on the weather surface of thebottom piece or the bottom surface of the top piece dependingon the shingle design.7.8.1 It is not possible to anticipate all potential shinglevariations such as shape, number of layers, position, geometry,and nature of sealant, and so forth. Provided that the pr
47、incipleof Procedure B, the geometry of the specimen pieces, and thecentral location of the sealant in the specimen in the test fixtureis satisfied, it is not prohibited to use two pieces of shingle4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Ashcraft Machine and
48、Supply, 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055, and specifiedon the drawings for the apparatus. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committe
49、e1,which you may attend.FIG. 4a Top and Side View of Test SpecimenProcedure AFIG. 4b Side View of Multi-Layer Test SpecimenProcedure AD 6381 03b5butted together to satisfy the requirements. When this is done,it shall be stated in the report (see 11.1.5).8. Calibration and Standardization8.1 CRE Tensile Tester:8.1.1 Set up the testing machine with the test fixture in placewith the following operating parameters:8.1.1.1 Crosshead Speed2 mm/s (5 in./min), andFIG. 5 Connector for Special Top AttachmentProcedure AFIG. 6 Top Clamp Assembly Attached
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