ASTM D6384-1999a(2005) Standard Terminology Relating to Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity of Lubricants《润滑剂的生物降解性和生态毒性的相关标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: D 6384 99a (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Terminology Relating toBiodegradability and Ecotoxicity of Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,

2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions relating to biode-gradability and ecotoxici

3、ty of lubricants.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-degradation of Lubricants or Their ComponentsD 6139 Test Method for Determining the Aerobic AquaticBiodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components Usingthe Gledhill Shake Flask3. Termi

4、nologyactivated sludge, nthe precipitated solid matter, consistingmainly of bacteria and other aquatic microrganisms, that isproduced at a domestic wastewater treatment plant; activatedsludge is used primarily in secondary sewage treatment tomicrobially oxidize dissolved organic matter in the efflue

5、nt.D 6139acute ecotoxicity, nthe propensity of a test material toproduce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiologicaleffects in non-human organisms or populations in a shortperiod, usually not constituting a substantial portion of thelife span.acute ecotoxicity test, na comparative ecotoxicity

6、test inwhich a representative subpopulation of organisms is ex-posed to different treat rates of a test material and is observedfor a short period, usually not constituting a substantialportion of their life span.aerobic, adj(1) taking place in the presence of oxygen; (2)living or active in the pres

7、ence of oxygen. D 6139biodegradation, nthe process of chemical break-down ortransformation of a substance caused by organisms or theirenzymes. D 5864biomass, nany material, excluding fossil fuels, which is orwas, a living organism or component of a living organism.blank, nin biodegradability testing

8、, a test system containingall system components with the exception of the testmaterial.chronic ecotoxicity test, na comparative ecotoxicity test inwhich a representative subpopulation of organisms is ex-posed to different treat rates of a test material and is observedfor a period of time which const

9、itutes a major portion of theirlife span.ecotoxicity, nthe propensity of a test material to produceadverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects innon-human organisms or populations.effect load XX (ELXX), na statistically or graphicallyestimated loading rate of test material that is expe

10、cted tocause one or more specified effects in XX % of a represen-tative subpopulation of organisms under specified condi-tions.DISCUSSIONThis terminology should be used instead of the standardECXX when the test material is not completely soluble at the test treatrates.environmental compartment, na s

11、ubdivision of the envi-ronment based on physical or chemical properties, or both.DISCUSSIONExamples of environmental compartments are aerobicfresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Theresults of test procedures may be applied to environmental compart-ments, but the test syste

12、ms do not constitute an environmentalcompartment.fresh water environment, nthe aerobic, aqueous compart-ment, characteristically with a salinity of less than five partsper thousand.good laboratory practices (GLP), nguidelines for themanagement of laboratory experiments which are publishedby regulato

13、ry agencies or other recognized groups, and areconcerned with the organizational process and the conditionsunder which laboratory studies are planned, performed,monitored, recorded, and reported.DISCUSSIONThe major GLPs used are USEPA-TSCA, USFDA,OECD, and to some extent, the MITI version from Japan

14、, forsubmissions in Japan.inhibition load XX (ILXX), na statistically or graphicallyestimated loading rate of test material that is expected to1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of D02.12 onEnvironmen

15、tal Standards for Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6384 99ae1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo

16、r Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.cause a XX % inhibition of a biological process (such asgrowth or repr

17、oduction) of a representative subpopulation oforganisms under specified conditions and is expressed as ananalog as opposed to digital measure.DISCUSSIONAn example of a digital measure would be alive/dead.This terminology (ILXX) should be used instead of the standard ICXXwhen the test material is not

18、 completely soluble at the test treat rates.inoculum, nliving spores, bacteria, single celled organisms,or other live materials that are introduced into a test medium.lethal load XX (LLXX), na statistically or graphicallyestimated loading rate of test material that is expected to belethal to XX % of

19、 a subpopulation of organisms underspecified conditions.DISCUSSIONThis terminology should be used for lubricants insteadof the standard LCXX to designate that the material is not completelysoluble at the test treat rates.loading rate, nthe ratio of test material to aqueous mediumused in the preparat

20、ion of WAF, WSF, or mechanicaldispersion and in the interpretation of the results of a toxicitystudy with a poorly water-soluble lubricant or lubricantcomponent.mechanical dispersion, na low energy aqueous mediumproduced by continuous stirring of the test solution andcontaining both dissolved and un

21、dissolved components ofthe test material.microbial degradation, nsynonym for biodegradation.mixed liquor, nin sewage treatment, the contents of anaeration tank including the activated sludge mixed withprimary effluent or the raw wastewater and return sludge.pre-adaptation, nthe incubation of an inoc

22、ulum in thepresence of the test material which is done prior to theinitiation of the test and under conditions similar to the testconditions. D 6139primary biodegradation, ndegradation of the test materialby microorganisms resulting in a change in the test materi-als physical or chemical properties,

23、 or both.primary biodegradation test, na test that monitors thedisappearance of a test material by measuring some physicalattribute of the material.DISCUSSIONThe extent to which the results of a primary biodegra-dation test correspond to the biological conversion of the test materialwill depend on t

24、he attribute which is being measured. An example of ameasurement of a physical attribute is infrared (IR) measurement of theC-H bond of a methylene carbon at 2930 cm-1for the CEC (Coordi-nating European Council) biodegradation test.salt water, nthe aerobic, aqueous compartment, characteris-tically w

25、ith a salinity equal to or greater than five parts perthousand.sonication, nthe act of subjecting a material to the shearingforces of high-frequency sound waves.DISCUSSIONSonication of a two-phase liquid system may result inthe dispersal of one phase as fine droplets in the other phase.supernatant,

26、nthe liquid above settled solids.terrestrial (or soil) environment, nthe aerobic environmen-tal compartment which is found in and on natural soils.theoretical CO2(carbon dioxide), nthe amount of carbondioxide which could hypothetically be produced from thecomplete biological oxidation of all the car

27、bon in a material.DISCUSSIONThe appropriate abbreviation is ThCO2.theoretical O2(oxygen), nthe amount of oxygen that istheoretically required to oxidize a material.DISCUSSIONThe appropriate abbreviation is ThO2.toxicity, nthe propensity of a test material to produceadverse behavioral, biochemical, o

28、r physiological effects ina living organism.ultimate biodegradation, ndegradation achieved when thetest material is totally utilized by microorganisms, resultingin the production of carbon dioxide (and possibly methane,in the case of anerobic biodegradation), water, inorganiccompounds, and new micro

29、bial cellular constituents (biom-ass or secretions, or both).ultimate biodegradation test, na test which estimates theextent to which the carbon in a material is converted tocarbon dioxide or methane, either directly by measuring theproduction of carbon dioxide O2or methane, or indirectly bymeasurin

30、g the consumption of oxygen.DISCUSSIONThe measurement of new biomass is usually not at-tempted.water accommodated fraction (WAF), nthe predominantlyaqueous portion of a mixture of water and a material poorlysoluble in water which separates in a specified period of timeafter the mixture has undergone

31、 a specified degree of mixingand which includes water, dissolved components, and dis-persed droplets of the poorly water soluble material.DISCUSSIONThe composition of the WAF depends on the ratio ofpoorly soluble material to water in the original mixture as well as on thedetails of the mixing proced

32、ure.water soluble fraction (WSF), nthe filtrate or centrifugateof the water accommodated fraction which includes all partsof the WAF except the dispersed droplets of the poorlysoluble material.wppm, abbr.an abbreviation for part per million by weight.D 6384 99a (2005)2This standard is subject to rev

33、ision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your

34、 comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyr

35、ighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6384 99a (2005)3