1、Designation: D 6388 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Practice forTests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geonets toLiquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for testing geonetproducts for chemical resistance with liquid wastes
3、, preparedchemical solutions, or leachates, or both, derived from solidwastes.1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuringchanges in mass, dimensions, tensile and hydraulic propertiesand other optional physical and mechanical properties causedby immersion in test solutions, which may be re
4、presentative ofanticipated end use conditions. This practice may be used toassess the extent to which a products as-manufactured prop-erties are affected by such immersion.1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction withPractices D 5322 or D 5496. The scope of this practice islimited to
5、testing and reporting procedures for unexposed andexposed geonet samples.1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond thescope of this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of
6、this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 forspecific hazards statements.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 792 Test Methods for Density an
7、d Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics byExtrusion PlastometerD 1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD 4439 Terminology for GeotextilesD 4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextil
8、esby Wide Width Strip MethodD 4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) FlowRate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of aGeosynthetic Using a Constant HeadD 5035 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Strip Test)D 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thic
9、kness ofGeotextiles and GeomembranesD 5322 Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluatingthe Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to LiquidsD 5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-theticsD 5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-tance of Geomembranes to Liquids2.2 E
10、PA Standards:EPA/600/288/052 Lining of Waste Containment and OtherImpoundment Facilities3EPA 9090 Compatibility Test for Wastes and MembraneLiners43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chemical resistance, nfor geosynthetics, the extentto which a material or product retains its original physical andch
11、emical characteristics as a function of immersion in, orcontact with, a foreign substance (see Practice D 5747).3.1.2 geonet, na geosynthetic consisting of integrallyconnected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at variousangles for planar drainage of liquids or gases (see TerminologyD 4439
12、).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on EnduranceProperties.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 638
13、899.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the National Technical Information Servic
14、e, PB89129670.4Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric mate
15、rial used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of amanmade project, structure, or system (see TerminologyD 4439).3.1.4 specimen, na specific portion of a material orlaboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which istaken for that p
16、urpose (see Terminology D 4439).3.1.5 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminologies D 123 and D 4439.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice defines test methods and procedures forevaluating the resistance of geonet to liquid exposure bymonitoring physical and chemical proper
17、ties of geonet speci-mens immersed in a test liquid. The physical condition of thegeonet is monitored as a function of cumulative exposure timeby means of dimensional measurements and physical andchemical property tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended to provide a list of standa
18、rdprocedures for test programs for investigating the chemicalresistance of a geonet with a liquid waste, leachate, orchemical. This practice should be used in the absence of otherspecifications required for the particular situation being ad-dressed.5.2 Chemical resistance, as used in this practice,
19、is not aquantifiable term. This practice is intended to provide a basis ofstandardization for those wishing to compare or investigate thechemical resistance of a geonet. It should be recognized thatchemical resistance is a user judgment evaluation and that thispractice does not offer procedures for
20、interpreting the resultsobtained from test procedures contained herein. As a practice,a test result is not produced.5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessmentof geonets and is written in parallel to similar practices forgeomembranes, geogrids, geotextiles, and geopipes. Each prac-ti
21、ce is to be considered individually for the geosynthetic underinvestigation and collectively for all geosynthetics exposed tothe potentially harsh chemical environment under consider-ation.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracyof 0.001 g.6.2 Measuring Equipment, such
22、as scales or calipers, suit-able for determining dimensions of geonet specimens.6.3 All other required equipment is specified in the refer-enced test methods. Refer to the appropriate standards for adescription of the apparatus necessary to perform those tests.7. HazardsNOTE 1Warning: The solutions
23、used in this practice may containhazardous chemicals. Appropriate precautions must be taken when han-dling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the immersion solutions. Protectiveequipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by allpersonnel handling or exposed to the chemicals. Particular
24、care should betaken when opening storage vessels at elevated temperatures due to theincreased volatility of organics and the increased activity of acids andbases. Care also must be taken to prevent the spilling of hazardousmaterials, and provisions must be made to clean up any accidental spillsthat
25、do occur.7.1 Before carrying out any test, safety precautions anddisposal procedures for hazardous waste, chemicals or immer-sion solutions, and any contaminated geonet materials, shouldbe identified and implemented to provide full protection to allpersonnel and to comply with applicable disposal re
26、gulations.8. Sampling8.1 Determine the number and dimensions of the testspecimens according to the requirements of the dimensionalmeasurements and physical/polymer property tests to be per-formed, the duration of the immersion, and the number of testintervals.NOTE 2In contrast to other related chemi
27、cal resistance test practices,this practice provides for the preparation of individual test specimensdirectly from roll materials instead of prepared samples or exposurecoupons, or both. These test specimens then are used for subsequentexposure and testing.8.2 Sample in accordance with respective te
28、st methodsselected.8.3 Cut individual test specimens in each the machine andtransverse directions from stock roll material.8.4 Mix or shuffle in a random fashion, and then selectpre-cut, randomly mixed specimens for assignment to unex-posed (baseline) testing or immersion in test solutions fortestin
29、g after exposure.8.5 Cut individual test specimens for dimension and massmeasurements. Specimens may be of any size for whichaccurate and repeatable measurements can be made, compat-ible with the immersion tank. Cut specimens from sheet stockusing a die to assure consistency of dimensions.NOTE 3Squa
30、re specimens 152.4 by 152.4 mm (6 by 6 in.) have beenfound to be satisfactory for dimensional and mass measurements. Thesame individual specimens may be used for length, width, thickness, andweight change measurements, if desired. Multiple dimensional measure-ments may be made on a given specimen an
31、d averaged to obtain arepresentative basis for comparison.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition geonet test specimens at a temperature of 216 2C (70 6 4F) and relative humidity between 50 and 70 %for a period not less than 40 h prior to weighing, or baselinetesting and immersion, or a combination thereof.10.
32、 Procedure10.1 Immerse the geonet specimens in the test solution asspecified in Practices D 5322 or D 5496.10.2 Immerse a sufficient number of specimens to performthe required testing for each of the immersion periods.10.3 Immerse additional pieces of geonet for dimensionalchanges and volatile loss
33、for each immersion period. Recordthe weight of the specimens to an accuracy of at least 0.1 % ofthe specimens weight. Record the thickness of the specimensto an accuracy of 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.).10.4 Remove a sufficient number of specimens at theprescribed test period for the required testing. Rins
34、e eachD 6388 99 (2005)2specimen with deionized water and blot dry with water-absorbent, lint-free towels to remove any visible liquid residueon the specimen surface. Elevated temperature specimensshould be allowed to cool to room temperature in a sample ofimmersion fluid. Specimens should be stored
35、in an airtightcontainer or bag with as little air as possible when not beingused or tested in order to minimize moisture, or volatile loss, orboth.10.5 The tests to be performed on the geonet specimens arelisted in Sections 11 and 12. The tests consist of requiredtesting to be done on the geonet and
36、 recommended testing to beperformed at the discretion of the user. Recommended testsshould be conducted whenever possible as this data will aid inthe interpretation of the final test results.All the tests should becompleted on the unexposed geonet, as well as the exposedmaterial after each test peri
37、od. Twice as many specimens aslisted below shall be tested on the unexposed material in orderto increase precision of baseline data.10.6 Testing (except the extractables test) of the geonetexposed to the test fluid must be done within 24 h of removalfrom the test solution.11. Required Testing, All G
38、eonets11.1 Weight ChangeAfter each period, remove three pre-weighed specimens of geonet from the test fluid, quickly blotdry with water-absorbent, lint-free towels to remove anyvisible liquid residue on the specimen, and weigh to the nearest0.001 g. Calculate the percent weight change to the nearest
39、0.1 %.11.2 Dimensional ChangesMeasure thickness as directedin Test Method D 5199, to the nearest 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.)at three pre-marked locations on the specimens designated formeasurement of weight before and after immersion. Measurelength and width (in both machine and transverse directions) at
40、two locations on the geonet specimens designated for dimen-sion testing before and after immersion. Calculate percentchanges to the nearest 0.1 %.11.3 Visual ObservationsDescribe the test specimens be-fore and after immersion. Observations of visual appearancecan help in the interpretation of data a
41、nd may explain anoma-lous test results. Appearance items to be considered mayinclude a change from original color, as well as, curling,swelling, or other gross specimen changes.11.4 Tensile PropertiesDetermine tensile properties ofunexposed and exposed geonet in accordance with Test Meth-ods D 5035.
42、 Use specimens 50.8 mm wide by 152.4 mm long(2 by 6 in.), allowing a 50.2-mm (2-in.) gage length with a 50.8mm (2 in.) wide span. Test at 127 mm/min (5 in./min). Test fivesamples in each direction (machine and transverse). Determinemaximum strength and percent elongation at maximumstrength.11.5 Dete
43、rmine hydraulic transmissivity for unexposed andexposed geonet in accordance with Test Method D 4716.NOTE 4The value of test parameters for the transmissivity determi-nation, including hydraulic gradient(s), normal stress(es), and seating timeshould be specified by the user of this practice.11.6 Det
44、ermine compressive load/deflection properties ofunexposed and exposed geonet in accordance with TestMethod D 1621, ProcedureA. Cut and test three test specimens150 by 150 mm (6.0 by 6.0 in.). Apply loading at a constantrate of deformation of 1 mm/min (0.04 in./min).11.7 Determine volatiles content o
45、f geonet using the proce-dure in EPA/600/288/052, Appendix E.11.8 Determine extractables content of geonet using theprocedure in EPA/600/288/052, Appendix E.11.9 Determine specific gravity in accordance with TestMethods D 792, Method A.12. Recommended Testing, All Geonets12.1 Wide Width Tensile Prop
46、erties, modified for testing ofgeonetsTest geonets using the same procedure required forgeotextiles, that is, same specimen size, strain rate, andstrength and elongation determinations (see Test MethodD 4595).12.2 Melt Index:12.2.1 PolyethyleneUse Test Method D 1238, Condition190/2.16.12.2.2 Polypro
47、pyleneUse Test Method D 1238 Condition230/2.16.13. Report13.1 State that the immersion was performed as directed inPractices D 5322 or D 5496.13.2 Describe the material or product tested and the mate-rials condition prior to immersion, such as product manufac-turers type and lot number, surface colo
48、r and gloss, flatness ordegree of curl of specimen, estimate of uniformity of channelsin x, y, and z planes, degree of angularity or roundness inchannel impressions.13.3 Describe the method used to sample the product for theimmersion procedure.13.4 Report which test procedures, and any deviations fr
49、omthe procedures, that were used for evaluating the geonet.13.5 Report all raw data, averages, and standard deviations.13.6 Report the percent changes from the original unex-posed test values for the exposed materials.NOTE 5The test results may be plotted as a function of time ofimmersion if desired. It is suggested that error bars, range indicators, orsimilar means to illustrate observed experimental variability be used.13.7 Evaluation or interpretation of test results is beyond thescope of this practice and intended to be done by an appropriateexpert.14. K
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