1、Designation: D 6390 05Standard Test Method forDetermination of Draindown Characteristics inUncompacted Asphalt Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amountof draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample
3、 whenthe sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to thoseencountered during the production, storage, transport, andplacement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable tomixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course)and stone matrix asphalt (SMA)1.2 The values stat
4、ed in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of re
5、gulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and S
6、tandard Masses, for Use in Soil, Rock, andRelated Construction Materials TestingD 6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous SpecimensUsing Marshall ApparatusE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 draindownfor the purpose of this test meth
7、od,draindown is considered to be that portion of material whichseparates itself from the sample as a whole and is depositedoutside the wire basket during the test. The material whichdrains may be composed of either asphalt binder or a combi-nation of asphalt binder, additives, or fine aggregate.4. S
8、ummary of Test Method4.1 A sample of the asphalt mixture to be tested is preparedin the laboratory or obtained from field production. The sampleis placed in a wire basket which is positioned on a plate orother suitable container of known mass. The sample, basket,and plate or container are placed in
9、a force draft oven for onehour at a pre-selected temperature. At the end of one hour, thebasket containing the sample is removed from the oven alongwith the plate or container and the mass of the plate orcontainer containing the drained material, if any, is determined.The amount of draindown is then
10、 calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether theamount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture iswithin specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evalu-ation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture duringmixture design and/or dur
11、ing field production. This test isprimarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate contentsuch as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stonematrix asphalt (SMA).6. Apparatus6.1 Forced Draft Oven, capable of maintaining the tempera-ture in a range from 120 to 175C and the set temper
12、ature towithin 6 2C.6.2 Plates, or other suitable containers of appropriate size.The plates or containers used shall be of appropriate durabilityto withstand the oven temperatures. Cake pans or pie tins areexamples of suitable types of containers.6.3 Standard basket meeting the dimensions shown in F
13、ig.1. The basket shall be constructed using standard 6.3 mm sievecloth as specified in Specification E11.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 onAnalysis of Bituminous Mixtures.Current edi
14、tion approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6390 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
15、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.4 BalanceAbalance readable to 0.1g and conforming tothe requirements of Specification D 4753, GP2.7. Sample Prepara
16、tion7.1 Laboratory Prepared Samples:7.1.1 Number of SamplesFor each mixture tested, thedraindown characteristics shall be determined at two differenttemperatures. The two temperatures shall be the anticipatedplant production temperature as well as 10C above (see Note1). For each temperature, duplica
17、te samples shall be tested.Thus for one asphalt mixture, a minimum of four samples willbe tested.7.1.2 Dry the aggregate to a constant mass and sieve it intoappropriate size fractions as indicated in Practice D 6926.7.1.3 Determine the anticipated plant production tempera-ture for the specific mix t
18、o be tested based on the specifica-tions, mix design, or recommendations of the binder supplier.7.1.4 Place into separate pans for each test sample theamount of each size fraction required to produce completedmixture samples having a mass of 1200 6 200 g. Theaggregate fractions shall be combined suc
19、h that the resultingaggregate blend has the same gradation as the job-mix formula.Place the aggregate samples in an oven and heat to a tempera-ture not to exceed the temperature established in 7.1.1.7.1.5 Heat the asphalt binder to the temperature establishedin 7.1.1.7.1.6 Place the heated aggregate
20、 in the mixing bowl. Addany stabilizers (see Note 2) and thoroughly mix the drycomponents. Form a crater in the aggregate blend and add therequired amount of asphalt binder. The amount of asphaltbinder shall be such that the final sample has the same asphaltcontent as the job-mix formula. At this po
21、int, the temperatureof the aggregate and asphalt binder shall be at the temperaturedetermined in 7.1.1. Mix the aggregate (and stabilizer if any)and asphalt binder quickly until the aggregate is thoroughlycoated.7.2 Plant Produced Samples:7.2.1 Number of SamplesFor plant produced samples,triplicate
22、samples shall be tested at the plant productiontemperature.7.2.2 Samples shall be obtained in accordance with PracticeD 979 during plant production by sampling the mixture at anyappropriate location such as the trucks prior to the mixtureleaving the plant. Samples obtained during actual productionsh
23、all be reduced to the proper test sample size.NOTE 1When using the test as part of the mixture design procedure,the test should be performed at two temperatures in order to determine thepotential effect that plant temperature variation may have on the mixtureduring production. When the test is used
24、in the field during production, itshould be necessary to perform the test at the plant production temperatureonly.NOTE 2Some types of stabilizers such as fibers or some polymers areadded directly to the aggregate prior to mixing with the asphalt binder.Other types of stabilizers are added directly t
25、o the asphalt binder prior toblending with the aggregate.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh the empty wire basket described in 6.3 (Mass A).Transfer the laboratory produced or plant produced uncom-pacted mixture sample to the wire basket as soon as possible.Place the entire sample in the wire basket. Do not cons
26、olidateor otherwise disturb the sample after transfer to the basket.Determine the mass of the wire basket plus sample to thenearest 0.1 g. (Mass B).8.2 Determine and record the mass of a plate or othersuitable container to the nearest 0.1 gram at ambient tempera-ture (Mass C). Place the basket on th
27、e plate or container andplace the assembly into the oven at the temperature asdetermined in 7.1.1 or 7.2.1 for1h6 5 min.8.3 After the sample has been in the oven for 1 h 65 min,remove the basket and plate or container from the oven. Letcool to ambient temperature. Determine and record the mass ofthe
28、 plate or container plus drained material to the nearest 0.1 g(Mass D).9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the percent of mixture which drained to thenearest 0.1 % as follows:draindown percent!5D2C!/B2A! 3 100 (1)FIG. 1 Wire Basket Assembly (Not to Scale)D6390052where:A = mass of the empty wire basket,B = m
29、ass of the wire basket and sample,C = mass of the empty catch plate or container, andD = mass of the catch plate or container plus drainedmaterial.10. Report10.1 Report the average percent drainage at each of the testtemperatures to the nearest 0.1 %.11. Precision and Bias311.1 See Table 1 for preci
30、sion statements for mixtures withdraindown values of less than 1.0 % (see Note 3).NOTE 3These precision statements are based on an analysis of around-robin study conducted by the National Center for Asphalt Technol-ogy, using one stone matrix asphalt mix, three replicates, and tenlaboratories. The p
31、recision statements are based on a mixture that had anaverage draindown value of 0.3 %.11.2 See Table 2 for precision statements for mixtures withdraindown values of more than 1.0 % (see Note 4).NOTE 4These precision statements are based on an analysis of around-robin study conducted by the National
32、 Center for Asphalt Technol-ogy, using one stone matrix asphalt mix, three replicates, and tenlaboratories. The precision statements are based on a mixture that had anaverage draindown value of 1.4 %.11.3 BiasThe test method has no bias because the valuesdetermined can be defined only in terms of th
33、e test method.12. Keywords12.1 asphalt mixtures; draindown; open-graded frictioncourses; stone matrix asphaltASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
34、that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reap
35、proved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you
36、 feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual
37、reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and
38、maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D041013.TABLE 1 Precision Statements for Mixtures With DraindownValues of Less Than 1.0 %Test and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation(% of mean)AAcceptable Range of TwoTest Results (% of mean)ASingle operator precision:Draindown, %32.5 92.0Multilaborat
39、ory precision:Draindown, %68.2 193.0AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asdescribed in Practice C 670.TABLE 2 Precision Statements for Mixtures With DraindownValues of More Than 1.0 %Test and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation(% of mean)AAcceptable Range of TwoTest Results (% of mean)ASingle operator precision:Draindown, %28.1 79.5Multilaboratory precision:Draindown, %35.9 101.6AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asdescribed in Practice C 670.D6390053
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