1、Designation: D6390 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Draindown Characteristics inUncompacted Asphalt Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amountof draindown in an uncompacted asphalt
3、 mixture sample whenthe sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to thoseencountered during the production, storage, transport, andplacement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable tomixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course)and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).1.2
4、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-p
5、riate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevel
6、opment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD979 Practic
7、e for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6926 Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Speci-mens Using Marshall ApparatusE11 Specification for Woven Wire T
8、est Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 draindownfor the purpose of this test method, drain-down is considered to be that portion of material whichseparates itself from the sample as a whole and is depositedoutside the wire basket during the test. The material whichdrains m
9、ay be composed of either asphalt binder or a combi-nation of asphalt binder, additives, or fine aggregate.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of the asphalt mixture to be tested is preparedin the laboratory or obtained from field production. The sampleis placed in a wire basket which is positioned
10、 on a plate orother suitable container of known mass. The sample, basket,and plate or container are placed in a forced draft oven for 1 hat a pre-selected temperature. At the end of 1 h, the basketcontaining the sample is removed from the oven along with theplate or container and the mass of the pla
11、te or containercontaining the drained material, if any, is determined. Theamount of draindown is then calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether theamount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture iswithin specified acceptable levels. The test pro
12、vides an evalu-ation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture duringmixture design and/or during field production. This test isprimarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate contentsuch as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stonematrix asphalt (SMA).6. Apparatus6.1 Forc
13、ed Draft Oven, capable of maintaining the tempera-ture in a range from 120 to 175 C and the set temperature towithin 62 C.6.2 Plates, or other suitable containers of appropriate size.The plates or containers used shall be of appropriate durabilityto withstand the oven temperatures. Cake pans or pie
14、tins areexamples of suitable types of containers.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 onAnalysis of Asphalt Mixtures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Origina
15、llyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6390 11. DOI:10.1520/D6390-11R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
16、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pr
17、inciples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.3 Standard Basket, meeting the dimensions shown in Fig.1. The basket shall be constructed using standard 6.3-mm sievecloth as speci
18、fied in Specification E11.6.4 BalanceAbalance readable to 0.1 g and conforming tothe requirements of Guide D4753, GP2.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Laboratory-Prepared Samples:7.1.1 Number of SamplesFor each mixture tested, thedraindown characteristics shall be determined at two differenttemperatures. Th
19、e two temperatures shall be the anticipatedplant production temperature as well as 10 C above (see Note1). For each temperature, duplicate samples shall be tested.Thus for one asphalt mixture, a minimum of four samples willbe tested.7.1.2 Dry the aggregate to a constant mass and sieve it intoappropr
20、iate size fractions as indicated in Practice D6926.7.1.3 Determine the anticipated plant production tempera-ture for the specific mix to be tested based on thespecifications, mix design, or recommendations of the bindersupplier.7.1.4 Place into separate pans for each test sample theamount of each si
21、ze fraction required to produce completedmixture samples having a mass of 1200 6 200 g. Theaggregate fractions shall be combined such that the resultingaggregate blend has the same gradation as the job-mix formula.Place the aggregate samples in an oven and heat to a tempera-ture not to exceed the te
22、mperature established in 7.1.1.7.1.5 Heat the asphalt binder to the temperature establishedin 7.1.1.7.1.6 Place the heated aggregate in the mixing bowl. Addany stabilizers (see Note 2) and thoroughly mix the drycomponents. Form a crater in the aggregate blend and add therequired amount of asphalt bi
23、nder. The amount of asphaltbinder shall be such that the final sample has the same asphaltcontent as the job-mix formula. At this point, the temperatureof the aggregate and asphalt binder shall be at the temperaturedetermined in 7.1.1. Mix the aggregate (and stabilizer if any)and asphalt binder quic
24、kly until the aggregate is thoroughlycoated.7.2 Plant-Produced Samples:7.2.1 Number of SamplesFor plant-produced samples,triplicate samples shall be tested at the plant productiontemperature.7.2.2 Samples shall be obtained in accordance with PracticeD979 during plant production by sampling the mixtu
25、re at anyappropriate location such as the trucks prior to the mixtureleaving the plant. Samples obtained during actual productionshall be reduced to the proper test sample size.NOTE 1When using the test as part of the mixture design procedure,the test should be performed at two temperatures in order
26、 to determine thepotential effect that plant temperature variation may have on the mixtureduring production. When the test is used in the field during production, itshould be necessary to perform the test at the plant production temperatureonly.NOTE 2Some types of stabilizers, such as fibers or some
27、 polymers, areadded directly to the aggregate prior to mixing with the asphalt binder.Other types of stabilizers are added directly to the asphalt binder prior toblending with the aggregate.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh the empty wire basket described in 6.3 (Mass A).Transfer the laboratory-produced or plan
28、t-produced uncom-pacted mixture sample to the wire basket as soon as possible.Place the entire sample in the wire basket. Do not consolidateor otherwise disturb the sample after transfer to the basket.Determine the mass of the wire basket plus sample to thenearest 0.1 g (Mass B).8.2 Determine and re
29、cord the mass of a plate or othersuitable container to the nearest 0.1 g at ambient temperature(Mass C). Place the basket on the plate or container and placethe assembly into the oven at the temperature as determined in7.1.1 or 7.2.1 for1h6 5 min.8.3 After the sample has been in the oven for 1 h 6 5
30、 min,remove the basket and plate or container from the oven. LetFIG. 1 Wire Basket Assembly (Not to Scale)D6390 11 (2017)2cool to ambient temperature. Determine and record the mass ofthe plate or container plus drained material to the nearest 0.1 g(Mass D).9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the percent of
31、mixture which drained to thenearest 0.1 % as follows:draindown percent! 5 D 2 C!/B 2 A! 3100 (1)where:A = mass of the empty wire basket,B = mass of the wire basket and sample,C = mass of the empty catch plate or container, andD = mass of the catch plate or container plus drainedmaterial.10. Report10
32、.1 Report the following:10.1.1 Mix designation.10.1.2 Percent asphalt binder content (by weight of totalmix).10.1.3 Date of test.10.1.4 Test temperatures.10.1.5 Average percent drainage at each of the test tempera-tures to the nearest 0.1 %.11. Precision and Bias311.1 See Table 1 for precision state
33、ments for mixtures withdraindown values of less than 1.0 % (see Note 3).NOTE 3These precision statements are based on an analysis of around-robin study conducted by the National Center for AsphaltTechnology, using one stone matrix asphalt mix, three replicates, and tenlaboratories. The precision sta
34、tements are based on a mixture that had anaverage draindown value of 0.3 %.11.2 See Table 2 for precision statements for mixtures withdraindown values of more than 1.0 % (see Note 4).NOTE 4These precision statements are based on an analysis of around-robin study conducted by the National Center for
35、AsphaltTechnology, using one stone matrix asphalt mix, three replicates, and tenlaboratories. The precision statements are based on a mixture that had anaverage draindown value of 1.4 %.11.3 BiasThe test method has no bias because the valuesdetermined can be defined only in terms of the test method.
36、12. Keywords12.1 asphalt mixtures; draindown; open-graded frictioncourses; stone matrix asphaltASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determina
37、tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or with
38、drawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that you
39、r comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (sing
40、le or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Cl
41、earance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D04-1013. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Precision Statements for Mixtures with Draind
42、ownValues of Less Than 1.0 %Test and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation(% of mean)AAcceptable Range of TwoTest Results (% of mean)ASingle operator precision:Draindown, %32.5 92.0Multilaboratory precision:Draindown, %68.2 193.0AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asde
43、scribed in Practice C670.TABLE 2 Precision Statements for Mixtures with DraindownValues of More Than 1.0 %Test and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation(% of mean)AAcceptable Range of TwoTest Results (% of mean)ASingle operator precision:Draindown, %28.1 79.5Multilaboratory precision:Draindown, %35.9 101.6AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asdescribed in Practice C670.D6390 11 (2017)3
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