1、Designation: D6413/D6413M 11a1Standard Test Method forFlame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6413/D6413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe designation was changed to a Combined units standard and Fig. 6 was updated editorially in January 2012.1. Scope1.1 This test m
3、ethod is used to measure the vertical flameresistance of textiles.1.1.1 As a part of the measure of flame resistance, after-flame and afterglow characteristics are evaluated.1.2 This standard shall be used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameund
4、er controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used todescribe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ine
5、ach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
6、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Te
7、xtilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextiles3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to thecombustion of textiles, see Terminology D4391. For definitionsof other textile terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Spe
8、cific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.3.2.3 afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal ofa
9、n external ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material.3.2.4 afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continues afterthe removal of the ignition source and the cessation of flaming.3.2.5 char length, nin measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from th
10、e fabric edge, which is directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricdamage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.2.6 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.2.7 flame, nas related to ignition of textil
11、es, a controlledhot, luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, orboth, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combustionas evidenced by a low-intensity heat flux of less than 1 kw,such as candle flame or match flame.3.2.8 flame application time, nthe time interval for whichthe ign
12、ition flame is applied to a material.3.2.9 flame resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of a flaming or nonflamingsource of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of theignition source.3.2.10 glow, nvisible,
13、 flameless combustion of the solidphase of a material.3.2.11 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2.12 melting, na liquification of material under theinfluence of heat.3.2.13 smoldering, nthe combustion of a solid materialwithout accompaniment of flame but generally with the pro-duction of smok
14、e.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is positioned vertically above a controlledflame and exposed for a specified period of time. The flamethen is removed, and afterflame time and afterglow time aremeasured.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 Textilesand is the dir
15、ect responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Discontin-ued in 2008 and reinstated as D6413 08. Last previous edition approved in 2011as D641311a. DOI: 10.1520/D6413_D6413M-11AE01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
16、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Uni
17、ted States.4.2 Char length is measured under a specified force.4.3 Any evidence of melting or dripping is noted.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the response of textiles to astandard ignition source, deriving measurement values forafterflame time, afterglow time, and char lengt
18、h.5.2 The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this testmethod, only relates to a specified flame exposure and appli-cation time.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static,draft-free, vertical position and does not involve movementexcept that resulting from the exposure.5.4 Test
19、Method D6413 has been adopted from Federal TestStandard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used formany years in acceptance testing. The between-laboratoryprecision of this test method has not been established. Refer toSection 14 for single-laboratory precision.5.4.1 If there are differences or
20、practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples used should be ashomogeneous as possible, that are
21、 drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results are obtained, and that areassigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a sta
22、tistical test for unpaired data, ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration on the knownbias.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Cabinet and Accessories, fabricated in accordancew
23、ith the requirements specified in Figs. 1-5. Galvanized sheetmetal or other suitable metal can be used. The entire insideback wall of the cabinet shall be painted black to facilitate theviewing of the test specimen and pilot flame.6.1.1 The test cabinet shall be set up in a laboratory hood orwith co
24、mparable equipment so that combustion gases can beremoved from the test lab environment. Precautions must betaken to minimize the draft through the laboratory hood whiletesting. Open doors or windows are examples of unnecessarycauses of drafts and must be avoided. A ventilation smoke tubekit3may be
25、used to check for the presence of drafts.6.2 Burner, equipped with a needle valve to adjust flameheight (see Fig. 4).6.2.1 The burner shall be constructed by combining a 10mm 0.38 in. inside diameter barrel 76 6 6mm36 0.25 in.long with a base from an adjustable valve burner. A Tirrillburner is recom
26、mended, but a Bunsen burner modified toconform to this test method also will suffice.6.2.2 The pilot light tube shall have an inside diameter ofapproximately 1.5 mm 0.06 in. and shall be spaced 3 mm0.12 in. away from the burner edge.6.2.2.1 The pilot light tube shall be located vertically next tothe
27、 burner as shown in Fig. 4.6.2.3 Gas controls and connections shall be as specified inFig. 5. The solenoid valve shall be capable of being fullyopened or fully closed in less than 0.2s and activated by anadjustable timer.6.2.4 On the side of the barrel of the burner, opposite theburner pilot light t
28、here shall be a flame height gage constructedof metal spaced approximately 13 mm 0.50 in. from thebarrel and extending above the burner. The gage shall have twoprongs approximately 8 mm 0.32 in. long marking thedistances of 19 mm 0.75 in. and 38 mm 1.50 in. above thetop of the burner.6.2.5 The burne
29、r shall be movable when placed in thecabinet and capable of adjustments to center the burner directlybelow the center bottom edge of the specimen when perform-ing the tests.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System, a control system with adelivery rate designed to furnish gas to the burner under apressure of 1
30、7.2 6 1.7 kPa 2.5 6 0.25 lbf/in.2 at the burnerinlet. The manufacturers recommend delivery rate for thevalve system shall include the required pressure.6.4 Gas Mixture, methane, 99 % pure.6.5 Test Specimen Holder, constructed as shown in Fig. 3.The assembly is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.6.6 Specimen Hol
31、der Clamps, capable of firmly holding thetest specimen in the test specimen holder.6.7 Laboratory Hood, in which to carry out the test.6.8 Stop Watch, or other device to measure the burning timeto 0.2 s.6.9 Measuring Scale, graduated in increments of at least 3mm 0.12 in. to measure the length of ch
32、ar.6.10 Metal Hooks and WeightsMetal hooks and a range ofweights to produce a series of total loads, which will be usedto determine char length. The metal hooks shall consist of1-mm 0.04-in. diameter steel wire, 76 mm 3 in. long. Thehook is formed by bending the wire to 45 angle forming ahook 3 mm 0
33、.5 in. from one end. This hook is used forpuncturing the fabric.6.11 Flame Impingement Timer, a timer and electrical gassolenoid used to control the interval, which gas is supplied tothe burner.7. Hazards7.1 Normal precautions applicable to pressurized flammablegases, open flames, hot flames, hot su
34、rfaces, burning fabricsand combustion, off gases and solid residue shall be employed.7.2 Conduct the tests in a hood to contain the gases evolvedduring testing and for exhaust of the gases after each test.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Adjust gas pressure to 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 2.506 0.25lbf/in.2 and ign
35、ite pilot flame.Adjust the pilot flame to a heightof approximately 3 mm 0.12 in. when measured from itslowest point. Be sure that the tip does not alter shape of the testflame during the 12 s exposure time.3A ventilation smoke tube kit is available from A-Line Safety ApplianceCompany, Pittsburgh, PA
36、 15230.D6413/D6413M 11a128.1.1 Adjust the burner flame using the needle valve in thebase of the burner to achieve a flame height of 38 mm 1.50in. This height is achieved by fully closing the air opening onthe burner tube base and fully opening the solenoid valve.NOTE 1Tape may be used to close off t
37、he air openings on the burner.8.1.1.1 The 38-mm 112- in. flame height is obtained byadjusting the flame level with the top of the metal prong. (SeeFig. 6. It is important that the flame height be adjusted with thetip of the flame level with the tip of the metal prong. The tip ofthe methane flame is
38、blue, transparent, and difficult to see; it ismore easily seen if there is no light on the flame, for examplein a darkened room. An easy way to accomplish this is byturning off all nearby lights.8.1.2 Position the burner so that the middle of the loweredge of the specimen holder is centered 19 mm 0.
39、75 in. abovethe burner.NOTE 2It may be necessary to turn off nearby lights to make sure ofthe accuracy of intersect of the midpoint of the flame with the mountingclamp.8.2 Adjust the timer to provide a 12 6 0.2-s flame to thespecimen.NOTE 3Using a hand-held timer or stopwatch, verify the flame time.
40、8.2.1 Do this by measuring the interval between the openingand closing of the solenoid with an accurate laboratory timer orstopwatch.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusD6413/D6413M 11a139. Sampling9.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider rolls of fabric orfabric components of fabricated assemblies to be the primarysampl
41、ing unit, as applicable.9.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory samplingunit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric thatis1m1ydlong along the selvage (machine direction), afterremoving first a 1-m 1-yd length. For fabric components offabricated assemblies the entire assembly may
42、 be used.9.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,cut five lengthwise and five widthwise test specimens 76 mm3.0 in. by 300 mm 12 in. For woven fabrics, the longdimensions are cut parallel to the warp yarns for lengthwisetests and parallel to the filling yarns for widthwise tests. Takele
43、ngthwise specimens from different positions across the widthof the fabric. Consider the long direction as the direction of thetest. Label to maintain specimen identity.9.3.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution di-agonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit.Ensure specimens
44、are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoidgetting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when han-dling.9.3.2 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimensare a representative sampling of the pattern.10. Conditioning10.1 Bring the laboratory sampling units or test specimensto moistu
45、re equilibrium as directed in Practice D1776, exceptno preconditioning is necessary.10.2 Each specimen to be tested shall be exposed to the testflame within 4 min after removal from the standard atmosphereor placed in a desiccator without desiccant or equivalent afterconditioning for storage until t
46、esting and transfer to the testingarea.11. Procedure11.1 Mount and expose each specimen to the flame within 4min of removal from the conditioning area or storage.11.2 Clamp the test specimen between the two halves of theholder, with the bottom of the specimen even with the bottomof the holder. With
47、the holder held vertically, secure thespecimen in the holder with a minimum of four clamps.Position two clamps near the top of the holder, one on each sideto stabilize the specimen. Similarly, position two clamps at thebottom of the holder, one on each side.11.3 Turn off the hood ventilation. Insert
48、 the specimenholder containing the specimen into the test cabinet andposition the burner with the middle of the lower edge of the testspecimen centered 19 mm 0.75 in. above the burner andleveled with the bottom metal prong.FIG. 2 a Test Apparatus Construction DetailsD6413/D6413M 11a1411.4 Start the
49、flame impingement timer and expose thespecimen for the 12 6 0.2 s. Observe the specimen for meltingor dripping during the flame exposure. Record any observa-tions. Immediately after the flame is removed, start a stopwatchfor measurement of the afterflame and afterglow time.11.5 Observe how long the specimen continues to flameafter the 12 s exposure time. Record the afterflame time towithin 0.2 s.11.6 Observe how long the specimen continues to glow afterthe afterflame ceases or after removal of the fl
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