1、Designation: D6413/D6413M 15Standard Test Method forFlame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6413/D6413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the vertical flameresistance of textiles.1.1.1 As a part of the measure of flame resistanc
3、e, after-flame and afterglow characteristics are evaluated.1.2 This standard shall be used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used todescribe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of ma
4、terials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningv
5、alues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
6、 the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD3776/D3776M Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area(Weight) of FabricD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning B
7、ehavior ofTextiles3. Terminology3.1 For terms relating to the burning behavior of textiles,see Terminology D4391.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard.3.1.1.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.1.1.2 after-flame time, nthe leng
8、th of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.3.1.1.3 afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continuesafter the removal of the ignition source and the cessation offlaming.3.1.1.4 char length, nin measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the
9、fabric edge, which is directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricdamage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.1.1.5 flame application time, nthe time interval forwhich the ignition flame is applied to a material.3.1.1.6 melting, na liquification of material unde
10、r theinfluence of heat.3.2 For all terminology related to textiles, refer to Termi-nology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is positioned vertically above a controlledflame and exposed for a specified period of time. The flamethen is removed, and afterflame time and afterglow time aremeas
11、ured.4.2 Char length is measured under a specified force.4.3 Any evidence of melting or dripping is noted.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the response of textiles to astandard ignition source, deriving measurement values forafterflame time, afterglow time, and char length.5.2
12、The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this testmethod, only relates to a specified flame exposure and appli-cation time.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static,draft-free, vertical position and does not involve movementexcept that resulting from the exposure.5.4 Test Method
13、 D6413 has been adopted from Federal TestStandard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used formany years in acceptance testing. The between-laboratory1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammabilit
14、y.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6413/D6413M 13b. DOI:10.1520/D6413_D6413M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
15、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1precision of this test method has not been established. Refer toSecti
16、on 14 for single-laboratory precision.5.4.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a mini
17、mum, the test samples used should be ashomogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results are obtained, and that areassigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose.
18、The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration on the knownbias
19、.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Cabinet and Accessories, fabricated in accordancewith the requirements specified in Figs. 1-6. Galvanized sheetmetal or other suitable metal can be used. The entire insideback wall of the cabinet shall be painted black to facilitate theviewing of the test specimen and pilot fla
20、me.6.1.1 The test cabinet shall be set up in a laboratory hood orwith comparable equipment so that combustion gases can beremoved from the test lab environment. Precautions must betaken to minimize the draft through the laboratory hood whileFIG. 1 Test ApparatusD6413/D6413M 152testing. Open doors or
21、 windows are examples of unnecessarycauses of drafts and must be avoided. A ventilation smoke tubekit3may be used to check for the presence of drafts.6.2 Burner, equipped with a needle valve to adjust flameheight (see Fig. 4).6.2.1 The burner shall be constructed by combining a 10mm 0.38 in. inside
22、diameter barrel 76 6 6mm36 0.25 in.long with a base from an adjustable valve burner. A Tirrillburner is recommended, but a Bunsen burner modified toconform to this test method also will suffice.6.2.2 The pilot light tube shall have an inside diameter ofapproximately 1.5 mm 0.06 in. and shall be spac
23、ed 3 mm0.12 in. away from the burner edge.6.2.2.1 The pilot light tube shall be located vertically next tothe burner as shown in Fig. 4.6.2.3 Gas controls and connections shall be as specified inFig. 5. The solenoid valve shall be capable of being fullyopened or fully closed in less than 0.2 s and a
24、ctivated by anadjustable timer. Position the solenoid valve as close to theburner as possible using a 50 6 13 mm 2 6 0.5 in. length of6.5 mm 0.25 in. inside diameter, 13 mm outside diameter 0.5in. outside diameter methane safe hose (Fig. 6). In oldercabinets where the solenoid valve is located outsi
25、de the testchamber a retrofit can be done to accommodate this change.(See Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.)6.2.4 On the side of the barrel of the burner, opposite theburner pilot light there shall be a flame height gage constructedof metal spaced approximately 13 mm 0.50 in. from thebarrel and extending above the
26、 burner. The gage shall have twoprongs approximately 8 mm 0.32 in. long marking thedistances of 19 mm 0.75 in. and 38 mm 1.50 in. above thetop of the burner.6.2.5 The burner shall be movable when placed in thecabinet and capable of adjustments to center the burner directlybelow the center bottom edg
27、e of the specimen when perform-ing the tests.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System, a control system with adelivery rate designed to furnish gas to the burner under apressure of 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 2.5 6 0.25 lbf/in.2 at the burnerinlet. The manufacturers recommend delivery rate for thevalve system shall includ
28、e the required pressure.6.4 Gas Mixture, methane, 99 % pure.6.5 Test Specimen Holder, constructed as shown in Fig. 3.The assembly is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.6.6 Specimen Holder Clamps, capable of firmly holding thetest specimen in the test specimen holder.3A ventilation smoke tube kit is available fr
29、om A-Line Safety ApplianceCompany, Pittsburgh, PA 15230.FIG. 2 a Test Apparatus Construction DetailsD6413/D6413M 1536.7 Laboratory Hood, in which to carry out the test.6.8 Stop Watch, or other device to measure the burning timeto 0.2 s.6.9 Measuring Scale, graduated in increments of at least 3mm 0.1
30、2 in. to measure the length of char.6.10 Metal Hooks and WeightsMetal hooks and a range ofweights to produce a series of total loads, which will be usedto determine char length. The metal hooks shall consist of1-mm 0.04-in. diameter steel wire, 76 mm 3 in. long. Thehook is formed by bending the wire
31、 to 45 angle forming ahook 3 mm 0.5 in. from one end. This hook is used forpuncturing the fabric.6.11 Flame Impingement Timer, a timer and electrical gassolenoid used to control the interval, which gas is supplied tothe burner.7. Hazards7.1 Normal precautions applicable to pressurized flammablegases
32、, open flames, hot flames, hot surfaces, burning fabricsand combustion, off gases and solid residue shall be employed.7.2 Conduct the tests in a hood to contain the gases evolvedduring testing and for exhaust of the gases after each test.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Adjust gas pressure to 17.2 6 1
33、.7 kPa 2.506 0.25lbf/in.2 and ignite pilot flame.Adjust the pilot flame to a heightof approximately 3 mm 0.12 in. when measured from itslowest point. Be sure that the tip does not alter shape of the testflame during the 12 s exposure time.8.1.1 Adjust the burner flame using the needle valve in theba
34、se of the burner to achieve a flame height of 38 mm 1.50in. This height is achieved by fully closing the air opening onthe burner tube base and fully opening the solenoid valve.NOTE 1Tape may be used to close off the air openings on the burner.8.1.1.1 The 38-mm 112- in. flame height is obtained byad
35、justing the flame level with the top of the metal prong. (SeeFig. 7.) It is important that the flame height be adjusted with thetip of the flame level with the tip of the metal prong. The tip ofthe methane flame is blue, transparent, and difficult to see; it ismore easily seen if there is no light o
36、n the flame, for examplein a darkened room. An easy way to accomplish this is byturning off all nearby lights.8.1.2 Position the burner so that the middle of the loweredge of the specimen holder is centered 19 mm 0.75 in. abovethe burner.NOTE 2It may be necessary to turn off nearby lights to make su
37、re ofthe accuracy of intersect of the midpoint of the flame with the mountingclamp.8.2 Adjust the timer to provide a 12 6 0.2-s flame to thespecimen.NOTE 3Using a hand-held timer or stopwatch, verify the flame time.FIG. 2 b Test Apparatus Construction Details (continued)D6413/D6413M 1548.2.1 Do this
38、 by measuring the interval between the openingand closing of the solenoid with an accurate laboratory timer orstopwatch.9. Sampling9.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider rolls of fabric orfabric components of fabricated assemblies to be the primarysampling unit, as applicable.9.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit
39、As a laboratory samplingunit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric thatis1m1ydlong along the selvage (machine direction), afterremoving first a 1-m 1-yd length. For fabric components offabricated assemblies the entire assembly may be used.9.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory samp
40、ling unit,cut five lengthwise and five widthwise test specimens 76 mm3.0 in. by 300 mm 12 in. For woven fabrics, the longdimensions are cut parallel to the warp yarns for lengthwisetests and parallel to the filling yarns for widthwise tests. Takelengthwise specimens from different positions across t
41、he widthof the fabric. Consider the long direction as the direction of thetest. Label to maintain specimen identity.9.3.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution di-agonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit.Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoidgettin
42、g oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when han-dling.9.3.2 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimensare a representative sampling of the pattern.10. Conditioning10.1 Bring the laboratory sampling units or test specimensto moisture equilibrium as directed in Practice D1776, or for
43、 aminimum of 24 h using the temperature and relative humidityspecified in D1776, except no preconditioning is necessary.10.2 Each specimen to be tested shall be exposed to the testflame within 4 min after removal from the standard atmosphereor placed in a desiccator without desiccant or equivalent a
44、fterconditioning for storage until testing and transfer to the testingarea.11. Procedure11.1 Mount and expose each specimen to the flame within 4min of removal from the conditioning area or storage.11.2 Clamp the test specimen between the two halves of theholder, with the bottom of the specimen even
45、 with the bottomof the holder. With the holder held vertically, secure thespecimen in the holder with a minimum of four clamps.Position two clamps near the top of the holder, one on each sideto stabilize the specimen. Similarly, position two clamps at thebottom of the holder, one on each side.11.3 T
46、urn off the hood ventilation. Insert the specimenholder containing the specimen into the test cabinet andFIG. 3 a Specimen Holder Construction DetailsD6413/D6413M 155FIG. 3 b Specimen Holder Construction Details (continued)FIG. 4 a Burner and Flame Height Gage ConstructionD6413/D6413M 156position th
47、e burner with the middle of the lower edge of the testspecimen centered 19 mm 0.75 in. above the burner andleveled with the bottom metal prong.11.4 Start the flame impingement timer and expose thespecimen for the 12 6 0.2 s. Observe the specimen for meltingor dripping during the flame exposure. Reco
48、rd any observa-tions. Immediately after the flame is removed, start a stopwatchfor measurement of the afterflame and afterglow time.11.5 Observe how long the specimen continues to flameafter the 12 s exposure time. Record the afterflame time towithin 0.2 s.11.6 Observe how long the specimen continue
49、s to glow afterthe afterflame ceases or after removal of the flame if there is noafterflame. Record this afterglow time to the nearest 0.2 s. Donot extinguish the glow because of potential effect on charlength.FIG. 4 b Burner and Flame Height Gage Construction (continued)FIG. 5 Schematic of Methane Gas Controls and AdjustmentsD6413/D6413M 15711.7 Remove the specimen holder from the test cabinet.Turn on the hood ventilation to clear the test cabinet of fumesand smoke. Allow the specimen to cool.11.8 Measu
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