1、Designation: D6413 11aStandard Test Method forFlame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the vertical flameresistance of textiles.1.1.1 As a part of the measure of flame resistance, after-flam
3、e and afterglow characteristics are evaluated.1.2 This standard shall be used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used todescribe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials,produ
4、cts, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or other units are tobe regarded separately. The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-pendently without combining values.1.4 This standard does not pur
5、port to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1
6、23 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextiles3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to thecombustion of textiles, see Terminology D4391. For definitionsof other textile term
7、s used in this test method, refer toTerminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition
8、source has beenremoved.3.2.3 afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal ofan external ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material.3.2.4 afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continues afterthe removal of the ignition source and the cessation of flaming.3
9、.2.5 char length, nin measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the fabric edge, which is directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricdamage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.2.6 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe result of
10、pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.2.7 flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlledhot, luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, orboth, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combustionas evidenced by a low-intensity heat flux of less than 1 kw,such as candle flame
11、 or match flame.3.2.8 flame application time, nthe time interval for whichthe ignition flame is applied to a material.3.2.9 flame resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of a flaming or nonflamingsource of ignition
12、, with or without subsequent removal of theignition source.3.2.10 glow, nvisible, flameless combustion of the solidphase of a material.3.2.11 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2.12 melting, na liquification of material under theinfluence of heat.3.2.13 smoldering, nthe combustion of a solid
13、materialwithout accompaniment of flame but generally with the pro-duction of smoke.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is positioned vertically above a controlledflame and exposed for a specified period of time. The flamethen is removed, and afterflame time and afterglow time aremeasured.4.2 Cha
14、r length is measured under a specified force.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Discontin-ued in 2008 and reinstated as D641
15、3 08. Last previous edition approved in 2011as D641311. DOI: 10.1520/D6413-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
16、nthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 Any evidence of melting or dripping is noted.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the response of textiles to astandard ignition source, deriving
17、 measurement values forafterflame time, afterglow time, and char length.5.2 The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this testmethod, only relates to a specified flame exposure and appli-cation time.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static,draft-free, vertical position and does
18、 not involve movementexcept that resulting from the exposure.5.4 Test Method D6413 has been adopted from Federal TestStandard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used formany years in acceptance testing. The between-laboratoryprecision of this test method has not been established. Refer toSection
19、 14 for single-laboratory precision.5.4.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimu
20、m, the test samples used should be ashomogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results are obtained, and that areassigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose. Th
21、e test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration on the knownbias.6
22、. Apparatus6.1 Test Cabinet and Accessories, fabricated in accordancewith the requirements specified in Figs. 1-5. Galvanized sheetmetal or other suitable metal can be used. The entire insideback wall of the cabinet shall be painted black to facilitate theviewing of the test specimen and pilot flame
23、.6.1.1 The test cabinet shall be set up in a laboratory hood orwith comparable equipment so that combustion gases can beremoved from the test lab environment. Precautions must betaken to minimize the draft through the laboratory hood whiletesting. Open doors or windows are examples of unnecessarycau
24、ses of drafts and must be avoided. A ventilation smoke tubekit3may be used to check for the presence of drafts.6.2 Burner, equipped with a needle valve to adjust flameheight (see Fig. 4).6.2.1 The burner shall be constructed by combining a 10mm (0.38 in.) inside diameter barrel 76 6 6mm(36 0.25 in.)
25、long with a base from an adjustable valve burner. A Tirrillburner is recommended, but a Bunsen burner modified toconform to this test method also will suffice.6.2.2 The pilot light tube shall have an inside diameter ofapproximately 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) and shall be spaced 3 mm(0.12 in.) away from the b
26、urner edge.6.2.2.1 The pilot light tube shall be located vertically next tothe burner as shown in Fig. 4.6.2.3 Gas controls and connections shall be as specified inFig. 5. The solenoid valve shall be capable of being fullyopened or fully closed in less than 0.2s and activated by anadjustable timer.6
27、.2.4 On the side of the barrel of the burner, opposite theburner pilot light there shall be a flame height gage constructedof metal spaced approximately 13 mm (0.50 in.) from thebarrel and extending above the burner. The gage shall have twoprongs approximately 8 mm (0.32 in.) long marking thedistanc
28、es of 19 mm (0.75 in.) and 38 mm (1.50 in.) above thetop of the burner.6.2.5 The burner shall be movable when placed in thecabinet and capable of adjustments to center the burner directlybelow the center bottom edge of the specimen when perform-ing the tests.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System, a control
29、 system with adelivery rate designed to furnish gas to the burner under apressure of 17.2 6 1.7 kPa (2.5 6 0.25 lbf/in.2) at the burnerinlet. The manufacturers recommend delivery rate for thevalve system shall include the required pressure.6.4 Gas Mixture, methane, 99 % pure.6.5 Test Specimen Holder
30、, constructed as shown in Fig. 3.The assembly is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.6.6 Specimen Holder Clamps, capable of firmly holding thetest specimen in the test specimen holder.6.7 Laboratory Hood, in which to carry out the test.6.8 Stop Watch, or other device to measure the burning timeto 0.2 s.6.9 Measu
31、ring Scale, graduated in increments of at least 3mm (0.12 in.) to measure the length of char.6.10 Metal Hooks and WeightsMetal hooks and a range ofweights to produce a series of total loads, which will be usedto determine char length. The metal hooks shall consist of1-mm (0.04-in.) diameter steel wi
32、re, 76 mm (3 in.) long. Thehook is formed by bending the wire to 45 angle forming ahook 3 mm (0.5 in.) from one end. This hook is used forpuncturing the fabric.6.11 Flame Impingement Timer, a timer and electrical gassolenoid used to control the interval, which gas is supplied tothe burner.7. Hazards
33、7.1 Normal precautions applicable to pressurized flammablegases, open flames, hot flames, hot surfaces, burning fabricsand combustion, off gases and solid residue shall be employed.7.2 Conduct the tests in a hood to contain the gases evolvedduring testing and for exhaust of the gases after each test
34、.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Adjust gas pressure to 17.2 6 1.7 kPa (2.506 0.25lbf/in.2) and ignite pilot flame.Adjust the pilot flame to a heightof approximately 3 mm (0.12 in.) when measured from itslowest point. Be sure that the tip does not alter shape of the testflame during the 12 s exposure
35、 time.3A ventilation smoke tube kit is available from A-Line Safety ApplianceCompany, Pittsburgh, PA 15230.D6413 11a28.1.1 Adjust the burner flame using the needle valve in thebase of the burner to achieve a flame height of 38 mm (1.50in.). This height is achieved by fully closing the air opening on
36、the burner tube base and fully opening the solenoid valve.NOTE 1Tape may be used to close off the air openings on the burner.8.1.1.1 The 112- in. (38-mm) flame height is obtained byadjusting the flame level with the top of the metal prong. (SeeFig. 6.) It is important that the flame height be adjust
37、ed with thetip of the flame level with the tip of the metal prong. The tip ofthe methane flame is blue, transparent, and difficult to see; it ismore easily seen if there is no light on the flame, for examplein a darkened room. An easy way to accomplish this is byturning off all nearby lights.8.1.2 P
38、osition the burner so that the middle of the loweredge of the specimen holder is centered 19 mm (0.75 in.) abovethe burner.NOTE 2It may be necessary to turn off nearby lights to make sure ofthe accuracy of intersect of the midpoint of the flame with the mountingclamp.8.2 Adjust the timer to provide
39、a 12 6 0.2-s flame to thespecimen.NOTE 3Using a hand-held timer or stopwatch, verify the flame time.8.2.1 Do this by measuring the interval between the openingand closing of the solenoid with an accurate laboratory timer orstopwatch.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusD6413 11a39. Sampling9.1 Primary Sampling Unit
40、Consider rolls of fabric orfabric components of fabricated assemblies to be the primarysampling unit, as applicable.9.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory samplingunit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric thatis1m(1yd)long along the selvage (machine direction), afterremoving
41、first a 1-m (1-yd) length. For fabric components offabricated assemblies the entire assembly may be used.9.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,cut five lengthwise and five widthwise test specimens 76 mm(3.0 in.) by 300 mm (12 in.). For woven fabrics, the longdimensions are cut paralle
42、l to the warp yarns for lengthwisetests and parallel to the filling yarns for widthwise tests. Takelengthwise specimens from different positions across the widthof the fabric. Consider the long direction as the direction of thetest. Label to maintain specimen identity.9.3.1 Cut specimens representin
43、g a broad distribution di-agonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit.Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoidgetting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when han-dling.9.3.2 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimensare a representative sampli
44、ng of the pattern.10. Conditioning10.1 Bring the laboratory sampling units or test specimensto moisture equilibrium as directed in Practice D1776, exceptno preconditioning is necessary.10.2 Each specimen to be tested shall be exposed to the testflame within 4 min after removal from the standard atmo
45、sphereor placed in a desiccator without desiccant or equivalent afterconditioning for storage until testing and transfer to the testingarea.11. Procedure11.1 Mount and expose each specimen to the flame within 4min of removal from the conditioning area or storage.11.2 Clamp the test specimen between
46、the two halves of theholder, with the bottom of the specimen even with the bottomof the holder. With the holder held vertically, secure thespecimen in the holder with a minimum of four clamps.Position two clamps near the top of the holder, one on each sideto stabilize the specimen. Similarly, positi
47、on two clamps at thebottom of the holder, one on each side.11.3 Turn off the hood ventilation. Insert the specimenholder containing the specimen into the test cabinet andposition the burner with the middle of the lower edge of the testspecimen centered 19 mm (0.75 in.) above the burner andleveled wi
48、th the bottom metal prong.FIG. 2 a Test Apparatus Construction DetailsD6413 11a411.4 Start the flame impingement timer and expose thespecimen for the 12 6 0.2 s. Observe the specimen for meltingor dripping during the flame exposure. Record any observa-tions. Immediately after the flame is removed, s
49、tart a stopwatchfor measurement of the afterflame and afterglow time.11.5 Observe how long the specimen continues to flameafter the 12 s exposure time. Record the afterflame time towithin 0.2 s.11.6 Observe how long the specimen continues to glow afterthe afterflame ceases or after removal of the flame if there is noafterflame. Record this afterglow time to the nearest 0.2 s. Donot extinguish the glow because of potential effect on charlength.11.7 Remove the specimen holder from the test cabinet.Turn on the hood ventilation to clear the test cabinet of f
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