1、Designation: D6419 00 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forVolatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web OffsetPrinting Inks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determina-tion of the weight percent volatile content of s
3、heet-fed andcoldset web offset printing inks. Test specimens are heated at110 6 1C for 60 min.NOTE 1Coldset web offset printing is often (also) referred to asnon-heatset web offset printing.1.2 This test method is also applicable to sheet-fed andcoldset web offset printing ink vehicles.NOTE 2Vehicle
4、 is the liquid portion of the printing ink.Any substancethat is dissolved in the liquid portion of the ink is a part of the vehicle.1.3 This test method is not applicable to ultra-violet (UV) orelectron beam cured materials, which must be cured byexposure to UV light or an electron beam as part of t
5、he test forvolatile content.1.4 This test method is based on Test Method D2369,inwhich the allowable ranges are 60.1g for specimen weight and65C for oven temperature. Interlaboratory studies haveshown that specimen weight and oven temperature must bothbe more tightly controlled in order to improve t
6、he precision oftest results for sheet-fed and coldset web-offset inks. Such inkstypically contain a wide range of high-boiling hydrocarbonsand often have a volatile content below 25 %.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thiss
7、tandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prio
8、r to use.For a specific hazard statement see 7.5.11.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by
9、 the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene (Withdrawn1989)3E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
10、E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Standards:4EPA Reference Method 24 Determination of VolatileMatter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume Solids,and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings53. Summary of Test Method3.1 A specimen si
11、ze of 0.300 6 0.001 g is weighed into analuminum foil dish, dispersed in 3 mL of toluene, and heated inan oven at 110 6 1C for 60 min. The percent volatile iscalculated from the loss in weight.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is the procedure of choice for deter-mining volatile content of
12、 sheet-fed and coldset web offsetinks. This information is useful to the ink manufacturer anduser and to environmental interests as part of the determinationof the mass of volatile organic compounds emitted from theink.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Rel
13、ated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6419 09. DOI:10.1520/D6419-00R17.2For referenced A
14、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.ast
15、m.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Brezinski, J. J., ed., “Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)Content in Paints, Inks, and Related Coating Products,” MN
16、L 4, ASTM, 1993.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDeve
17、lopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1NOTE 3Since these inks do not contain water or any materialscurrently classified by US EPA as negligibly photochemically reactive(exempt solvents), volat
18、ile organic compound content is the same asvolatile content. The volatile organic compounds in these inks are highboiling hydrocarbon oils which are, according to US EPAguidelines, 95 %retained in the printed substrate or oxidized into the ink film. Therefore,the mass of volatile organic compound em
19、itted from the ink would becalculated as only 5 % of the volatile organic compound content of the inkas derived from the results of this test method.5. Apparatus5.1 Aluminum Foil Dishes, 58 mm in diameter by 18 mmhigh with a smooth (planar) bottom surface. Precondition thedishes for 30 min. in an ov
20、en at 110 6 1C and store in adesiccator prior to use. Use tongs or rubber gloves or both, tohandle the dishes.5.2 Desiccator, equipped with a general purpose desiccantsuch as anhydrous calcium sulfate.5.3 Forced Draft Oven, Type IIA or Type IIB as specified inSpecification E145.NOTE 4Be sure the she
21、lves are level.5.4 Ink Knives or Taper Knives, suitable for transferring thesmall specimen from the original sample container to thealuminum dish.5.5 Paper Clips, bent for use as stirrers. Precondition thebent paper clips along with the aluminum foil dishes, asdescribed in 5.1.5.6 Analytical Balance
22、 capable of weighing to 0.0001 g.5.7 Stopwatch, capable of reading to 1s.6. Reagents6.1 Toluene, technical grade, in accordance with Specifica-tion D362.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh a preconditioned foil dish that has been equippedwith a preconditioned bent paper clip to 0.0001g and record asW1. Similarly
23、 weigh a duplicate.7.2 Mix the sample by hand using an ink knife (taper knife)prior to extracting the exact specimens to be used in the test.7.3 Weigh a 0.300 g 6 0.001 g specimen directly into eachof the weighed dishes. Record the specimen weight to 0.0001gasS.NOTE 5Due to the relatively high visco
24、sity and low volatility ofsheet-fed and coldset web offset inks, this may best be achieved using inkknives (taper knives). The quickest way to achieve this specimen size andprecision is to slightly overweigh and then remove tiny amounts using thetip of a clean ink knife.7.4 To each dish add 1 mL of
25、toluene and stir, using the bentpaper clip, into the ink specimen. Then add a further 2 mL oftoluene (for a total of 3 mL) and repeat the stirring to achievea homogeneous dispersion.7.5 Heat the aluminum foil dishes containing the dispersedspecimens in the forced draft oven (5.3) for exactly 60 min.
26、 at110 6 1C. The bent paper clips should remain in the dishesthroughout the test. Position the dishes as near to the center ofthe oven as possible. Use the stopwatch to time the 60-minoven exposure.7.5.1 Warning:In addition to other precautions, provideadequate ventilation, consistent with accepted
27、laboratorypractice, to prevent solvent vapors from accumulating to adangerous level.7.6 Remove the dishes from the oven, place immediately ina desiccator, cool to ambient temperature, and weigh to0.0001g. Record weight as W2.8. Calculation8.1 For each specimen, calculate the weight percent volatilem
28、atter V, in the sheet-fed or coldset web offset ink as follows:V 5W11S! 2 W2S3100 (1)where:W1= weight of dish plus paper clip,W2= weight of dish plus paper clip, plus specimen afterheating, andS = specimen weight prior to heating.Average the duplicate determinations and report the averageas the weig
29、ht percent volatile matter.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionTwo separate interlaboratory studies of thistest method were conducted. In the first, operators in 10laboratories tested in triplicate 5 coldset web offset black inkswhose volatile content ranged from 3 to 39 %. In the second,operators in
30、9 laboratories tested in triplicate 5 sheet-fed offsetinks whose volatile content ranged from 7 to 23 %. The testresults were analyzed in accordance with Practice E691.Inthesame interlaboratory studies, the full range of temperature andsample sizes permitted by Test Method D2369 was alsostudied. The
31、 precision, characterized by repeatability (Sr, r)and reproducibility (SR, R) was much better for the test methoddescribe herein. Repeatability was improved by a factor of 4.2for the web offset inks and 3.1 for the sheet-fed inks.Reproducibility was improved by a factor of 1.3 for the coldsetinks an
32、d by a factor of 1.6 for the sheet-fed inks. Based on thestatistical analysis of the results, the following criteria shouldbe used for judging the acceptability of results at the 95 %confidence level:9.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of dupli-cate determinations, obtained by the same ope
33、rator should beconsidered suspect if they differ by more than 13 % relative forcoldset web offset inks and by more than 7 % relative forsheet-fed offset inks.9.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of dupli-cate determinations, obtained by operators in different labora-tories should be consi
34、dered suspect if they differ by more than54 % relative for coldset web offset inks and by more than 16% relative for sheet-fed offset inks.9.2 BiasBias cannot be determined as there are no stan-dard materials.D6419 00 (2017)210. Keywords10.1 coldset web offset inks; coldset web offset ink vehicles;n
35、on-heatset web offset inks; non-heatset web offset vehicles;printing inks; printing ink vehicles; sheet-fed offset inks;sheet-fed offset ink vehicles; VOC in inks; volatile determina-tion; volatilesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connecti
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