1、Designation:D642505 (Reapproved 2010)1Designation: D6425 11Standard Test Method forMeasuring Friction and Wear Properties of ExtremePressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6425; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated Note 11 editorially in May 2010.INTRODUCTIO
3、NThis test method represents the transformation of DIN 51834-2:1997. The DIN working groupimplemented changes at its annual meeting in Munich in September 2000. ASTM Committee D02adopted these modifications as closely as possible. The DIN working group widens the scope of thestandard to accommodate
4、different test conditions and refines repeatability and reproducibility on thebase of four international RR tests. It also introduces the wear volume as a tribological quantity.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an extreme pressure (EP) lubricating oils coefficient of friction and its ability to p
5、rotect againstwear when subjected to high-frequency, linear oscillation motion. The procedure is identical to that described in DIN 51834.1.2 This test method can also be used to determine the ability of a non-EP lubricating oil to protect against wear and itscoefficient of friction under similar te
6、st conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard
7、to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295 Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing SteelD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubrica
8、ntsD5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency,Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineD7421 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineE45 Test Me
9、thods for Determining the Inclusion Content of SteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 DIN Standards:3DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN 51631:1999 Mineral spirits; special boiling point spirits; requir
10、ementsDIN 51834 Tribological Test in the Translatory Oscillation Apparatus (Part 2: Determination of Friction and Wear Data forLubricating Oils)DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)Surface Texture: Profile Method; Surfaces having1This test method is under the jurisdiction
11、of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0.11on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved i
12、n 2005 as D6425 05. DOI:10.1520/D6425-05R10E01.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D642505(2010)1. DOI:10.1520/D6425-11.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C
13、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normung, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin, Germany.1This document is not an ASTM stand
14、ard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases
15、 only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Stratified Funct
16、ional PropertiesPart 2: Height Characterization using Linear Material Ratio Curve (replacement of DIN4776:1990)2.3 ISO Standards:ISO 1250:1972Mineral Solvents for Paints, White Spirits and Related Hydrocarbon Solvents3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition
17、process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompaniedby transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, that are uncharacteristic of the given tribological systems long termbehavior. (Synonym: run-in, wear-in) G403.1.2 C.L.A., nin measuring surface finish, the arith
18、metic average of the absolute distances of all profile points from the meanline for a given distance.43.1.3 coeffcient of friction or f, nin tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (Ff) between two bodies to thenormal force (Fn) pressing these bodies together. G40 5 Ff/ Fn! (1)D6425
19、-11_13.1.4 EP lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant containing an extreme pressure (EP) additive3.1.5 extreme pressure (EP) additive, nin a lubricant, a substance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces in contact underhigh stress rubbing conditions. D41753.1.6 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent ar
20、ea of contact between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertz equations of elastic deformation. G403.1.7 Hertzian contact pressure, nthe magnitude of the pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, ascalculated from Hertz equations of ela
21、stic deformation. G40 magnitude of the pressure at any specified location in aHertzian contact area, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation. The Hertzian contact pressure canalso be calculated and reported as maximum value Pmaxin the centre of the contact or as Paverageas average
22、 over thetotal contact area. D74213.1.8 lubricant, nany substance interposed between two surfaces for the purpose of reducing the friction or wear betweenthem. G403.1.9 Pgeom., ngeometric contact pressure describes the load carrying capacity at test end.3.1.10 RpK, nReduced peak height according to
23、DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. RpK is the mean height of the peak stickingout above the core profile section.3.1.11 RvK, nReduced valley height occording to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. RvK is the mean depth of the valley reachinginto the material below the core profile section.3.1.12 RyRz (DIN), nin measurin
24、g surface finish, the vertical distance between the top of the highest peak and the bottomof the deepest valley in one sampling length of the roughness profile.53.1.13Rz, nin measuring surface finish, the average of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessment length.43.1.143.1.13 wear,
25、ndamage to a solid surface, generally involving progressive loss of material, due to relative motionbetween that surface and a contacting substance or substances. G403.1.15G403.1.14 Wv, nWear volume is the loss of volume to the ball after a test.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2
26、.1 seizure, nstopping of the relative motion as the result of interfacial friction. Discussion: the seizure criteria are thestoppage of the machine, a sharp increase of the coefficient of friction of +0.2 for over 20 seconds or a coefficient of friction0.35. If any of these conditions occur the test
27、 is not valid. (These criteria were believed to be right, because this standard is relatedto liquid lubricants). localized fusion of metal between the rubbing surfaces of the test pieces. D57063.2.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, seizure is indicated by a sharp rise in the coefficient of friction,
28、 over steady state, ofgreater than 0.2 for over 20 s. In severe cases, a stoppage in the motor will occur.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 SRV, nSchwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss, (German); oscillating, friction, wear, (English translation). D57064. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on a
29、n SRV test machine using a test ball oscillated at constant frequency and stroke amplitudeand under constant load (Fn), against a test disk that has been moistened with the lubricant specimen. The platform to which thetest disk is attached is held at a constant temperature.NOTE 1The frequency of osc
30、illation, stroke length, test temperature, test load, test duration, and test ball and disk material can be varied from those4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4Amstutz, Hu
31、, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,”Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swazey, 1985, p. 21.D6425 112specified in this test method. The test ball yields Hertzian point contact geometry. To obtain line or area contact, test pieces of differing configurationscan be subs
32、tituted for the test ball.4.2 The friction force, Ff, is measured by a piezo-electric device in the test disk assembly. Peak values of coefficient of friction,f, are determined and recorded as a function of time.4.3 After a preset test period, the test machine and chart recorder are stopped and the
33、wear scar on the ball is measured. If aprofilometer is available, a trace of the wear scar on the test disk can also be used to obtain additional wear information.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine anti-wear properties and coefficient of friction of EP lubricating o
34、ils at selectedtemperatures and loads specified for use in applications in which high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present forextended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. It has found application as a screening test forlubricants used in gear or cam/fo
35、llower systems. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with fieldperformance or other applications.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine5(see Fig. 1), consists of an oscillation drive, a test chamber (see Fig. 2), and a loading device6with aservomotor and a load cell. The ma
36、chine is operated by a control device for the oscillating drive, a timer, a load control, a frequencycontrol, a stroke control, a data amplifier to determine the friction coefficient, and a switch and a controller for the heating. Anoscilloscope may be used for monitoring. Friction coefficients are
37、recorded in relation to time by a chart recorder, or by dataacquisition in a computer.6.1.1 On the firmly mounted receiving block (1) in the test chamber (see Fig. 3), there is a piezoelectric device (2) to measurethe friction force, Ff, and the friction coefficient, f; the holder for the test disk
38、(3) with a thermostat-controlled electrical resistanceheating element (4); a resistance thermometer (5); the oscillation drive rods (6); an exchangeable holder for the test ball (7); andthe load rods of the loading device (8).6.1.2 The design of the receiving block for the test disk should be such t
39、hat it has integrated cooling coils, or that cooling coilsare wound round it, so that the receiving block must be capable to maintaining test temperatures down to +233K. The test disk(9) and the test ball (10) are inserted into their respective holders (3, 4) (see Fig. 3).6.1.3 Disks are generally u
40、sed as the lower test piece. Balls, cylinders, rings, or specialized shapes may be used, withappropriate holders, as the upper test piece (see Fig. 4).6.2 Microscope, equipped with a filar eyepiece graduated in 0.005-mm divisions or equipped with a micrometre stage readableto 0.005 mm. Magnification
41、 should be sufficient to allow for ease of measurement.6.3 Syringe, suitable for applying 0.3 mL of the lubricating oil under test.6.4 Tweezers, straight, round, about 200-mm long, with non-marring tips.6.5 Torque Wrench, initial torque 0.5 to 5 Nm.6.6 Ultrasonic Cleaner.5Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Textu
42、re: The Parameters,”Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swazey, 1985, p. 21.5The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is Optimol Instruments Prftechnik GmbH, Friedenstrasse 10, D81671 Munich, Germany. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, plea
43、se provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee, which you may attend.6ASM Handbook, “Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology,” Vol 18, October 1992.6Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit t
44、o allow older machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.FIG. 1 SRV Test MachineD6425 1137. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls,7AISI 52100 Steel, 60 6 2 HRC hardness, 0.025 6 0.005-m C.L.A. surface finish, 10-mm diameter.7.2 Test Disk,7vacuum arc remelted (VAR)AISI 52100 steel with an inclusion ra
45、ting using method D, TypeA, as severity levelnumber of 0,5 according to Test Methods E45 and Specification A295 or a inclusion sum value K1 # 10 according to DIN ENISO 683-17 and spherodized annealed to obtain globular carbide, 62 6 1 HRC hardness, the surfaces of the disk being lapped andfree of la
46、pping raw materials. The topography of the disk will be determined by four values: 0.5 m 55 single results per test oil. (Test conditions: FN= 300 N; T = 50C; t = 120 min; Dx=1mm;nn = 50 Hz; lappedAISI52100-disks; polished AISI52100-balls, = 10 mm)TABLE X1.2 7th International Round Robin Test2003AYe
47、ar RR2003 RR2003 RR2000Test Oils Industrial Oil B VG 220 Industrial Oil B VG 220 Industrial Oil B VG 220Temperature 120C 80C 50CStatistical Quantities(D2PP)Coefficient of frictionfENDWear scar diameterof the ballWK-averagemmCoefficient of frictionfENDWear scar diameterof the ballWK-averagemmCoeffici
48、ent of frictionfENDWear scar diameterof the ballWK-averagemmDegree of Freedom 23 27 24 27 39 45Mean 0.0986 0.4835 0.1038 0.403 0.1105 0.47397Standard Deviation 60.00839 60.0189 60.00699 60.0257 60.00891 60.0403Reproducibility (R) 0.0246(set point: #0.03)0.0548(set point: #0.2)0.0195(set point: #0.03
49、)0.0747(set point: #0.2)0.02540(set point: #0.03)0.1146(set point: #0.2)Repeatability (r) 0.00439(set point: #0.01)0.0277(set point: #0.07)0.00491(set point: #0.01)0.0326(set point: #0.07)0.00772(set point: #0.01)0.6680(set point: #0.07)AStatistical analysis using ASTM D2PP software 43 single results per test oil. (Test conditions: FN= 300 N; T = 50C; t = 120 min; Dx=1mm;nn = 50 Hz; lappedAISI52100-disks; polished AISI52100-balls, = 10 mm)D6425 119
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