1、Designation: D6448 09D6448 14Standard Specification forIndustrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6448; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four grades of fuel oil made in whole or in part with hydrocarbon-based used or reprocessedlubric
3、ating oil or functional fluids, such as preservative and hydraulic fluids. The four grades of fuel are intended for use in varioustypes of fuel-oil-burning industrial equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These fuels are not intended for usein residential heaters, small commerci
4、al boilers, combustion engines, or marine applications,1.1.1 Grades RFO4, RFO5L, RFO5H, and RFO6 are used lubricating oil blends, with or without distillate or residual fuel oil,or both, of increasing viscosity and are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of recycled
5、 fuels.NOTE 1For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for the guidanceof consumers of such fuels. This specifi
6、cation does not address the frequency with which any particular test must be run.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of national or local regulations, which can be more restrictive. Insome jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste and fuels from used oil are req
7、uired to meet certain criteria beforeuse as a fuel.NOTE 2For United States federal requirements imposed on used oil generators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers, andburners, see 40 CFR 279.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in
8、the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informationon the subject, see Guide D4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; non-SI units, when given, are for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Clos
9、ed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by DistillationD96 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure) (Withdrawn 2000)3D97 Test Method for Pou
10、r Point of Petroleum ProductsD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transpa
11、rent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction MethodD482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1250
12、Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.P0 on
13、 Recycled Products.Current edition approved June 15, 2009Oct. 1, 2014. Published July 2009October 2014. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 asD6448D6448 09.04. DOI: 10.1520/D6448-09.10.1520/D6448-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.o
14、rg, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard an
15、d is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
16、the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1298 Test Method for D
17、ensity, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham PycnometerD1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscou
18、s Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary PycnometerD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-r
19、ay Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield ViscometerD3245 Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel Oils (Withdrawn 2010)3D3828 Test Methods fo
20、r Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4177 Pra
21、ctice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4377 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer TitrationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissip
22、ation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4868 Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Burner and Diesel FuelsD4980 Test Methods for Screening of pH in Waste (Withdrawn 2009)3D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils an
23、d Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer Ti
24、trationD6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed Cup (CCCFP) TesterD6822 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byThermohydrometer MethodD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Vis
25、cometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standards:4EPA 600/4-79-020 Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion ChromatographyEPA SW-846 Method 9000 Determination of
26、Water in Waste Materials by Karl Fisher TitrationEPA SW-846 Method 9001 Determination of Water in Waste Lubricants by Quantitative Calcium Hydride ReactionEPA SW-846 Method 9056 Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion Chromatography2.3 Federal Code of Regulations Standards:540 CFR 279 Standards for
27、 the Management of Used Oil3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 burner fuel oil, nany petroleum liquid suitable for the generation of heat by combustion in a furnace or firebox as a vaporor a spray, or a combination of both.3.1.1.1 DiscussionDifferent grades are characterized primarily by viscosity r
28、anges.3.1.2 reclaiming, nthe use of cleaning methods during recycling primarily to remove insoluble contaminants, thus making theoil suitable for further use. The methods may include settling, heating, dehydration, filtration, and centrifuging.3.1.3 recycling, nin petroleum technology, the acquisiti
29、on of oil that has become unsuitable for its intended use, andprocessing it to regain useful materials.4 Available from United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (US-EPA),Ariel Rios Bldg., PennsylvaniaAve., NW, Washington D.C. 20460. (www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm.5 NationalArchives
30、 and RecordsAdministration, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR),Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.D6448 1423.1.4 re-refining, nthe use of refining processes during re
31、cycling to produce high quality base stocks for lubricants or otherpetroleum products. Re-refining may include one or more of the following: distillation, hydrotreating, or treatments employingacid, caustic, solvent, clay, or other chemicals, or combination thereof.3.1.5 used oil, nin petroleum prod
32、uct recycling, oil whose characteristics have changed since being originally manufactured,and that is suitable for recycling.3.1.6 waste oil, nin petroleum technology, oil having characteristics making it unsuitable either for further use or for economicrecycling.3.2 For definitions of other terms u
33、sed in this specification, refer to Terminology D4175.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 industrial burner, na device that produces heat for industrial use through the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.3.3.1.1 DiscussionIndustrial burners are typically designed for one of
34、two applications:(a) industrial furnacesintegral components of manufacturing processes that provide direct heating, for example, inaggregate, cement, lime, or phosphate kilns; coke ovens; or blast, smelting, melting, refining, or drying ovens.(b) industrial boilerslarge indirect heating units that t
35、ransfer thermal energy to water or other fluids or gases for use inheating in industrial settings and in manufacturing processes3.3.2 reprocessing, n in petroleum product recycling, the preparation of used oil to be suitable as a fuel.3.3.2.1 DiscussionReprocessing includes procedures such as settli
36、ng, filtration, blending, distillation, and chemical treatment.4. Classification4.1 There are four grades of industrial burner fuel containing recycled lubricating oils covered by this specification. Thesegrades may or may not correlate directly with similar grades in other ASTM standards. The RFO d
37、esignation identifies them asReprocessed Fuel Oils. The usage descriptions of each grade may not describe all the uses, but are included as general information.The four grades are described as follows:4.1.1 Grade RFO4Primarily a blend of used lubricating oils and distillate or a reprocessed distilla
38、te product derived from usedoil. It is intended for use in pressure atomizing industrial burners with no preheating. This grade of recycled oil fuel is used in manymedium capacity industrial burners where ease of handling justifies the higher cost over the heavier used oil fuels.4.1.2 Grade RFO5LA s
39、traight (100 %) used lubricating oil blend or a used lubricating oil and distillate blend fuel ofintermediate viscosity, heavier than Grade RFO4. It is intended for use both in pressure-atomizing industrial burners not requiringhigher cost distillates and in burners equipped to atomize oils of highe
40、r viscosity with or without pre-heating. Its permissibleviscosity range allows it to be pumped and atomized at relatively low-storage temperatures.4.1.3 Grade RFO5HAstraight (100 %) used lubricating oil blend or a used lubricating oil and residual blend fuel, heavier thanGrade RFO5L. It is intended
41、for use in industrial burners equipped with devices that atomize oil of higher viscosity than domesticburners can handle. Preheating may be necessary in some types of equipment for burning and in colder climates for handling.4.1.4 Grade RFO6Ahigh-viscosity used lubricating oil and residual blend fue
42、l, heavier than Grade RFO5H. It is intended foruse in large industrial heaters and may require preheating in the storage tank to permit pumping.Additional preheating at the burnermay be necessary to permit satisfactory atomization. The extra equipment and maintenance required to handle this fuel usu
43、allypreclude its use in small installations.5. General Requirements5.1 The fuel oils specified herein shall contain a minimum of 25 % (volume) of used lubricating oil-derived products, thebalance being a Specification D396 fuel oil or suitable refinery stocks.5.2 The fuel oils shall be homogeneous f
44、luids consisting primarily of hydrocarbons. Fuel oils containing residual componentsshall remain uniform in storage and shall not separate by gravity or aging into layers in normal operating conditions.NOTE 4Prolonged storage or equipment down time may necessitate circulation of the fuel oil in-tank
45、 to prevent such separation.5.3 The fuel oil shall not contain excessive amounts of organic or inorganic acids, or both, and shall be free of solid or fibrousmatter that could cause system handling or maintenance problems. The buyer and seller should agree on any requirements forparticle size.NOTE 5
46、The fuels defined by this specification are appropriate only for burners capable of handling and combusting fuels with potentially highermetals and ash content.D6448 1436. Detailed Requirements6.1 Grade RFO4The requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the visc
47、osity range below5 mm2 /s (cSt) at 100C100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.6.2 Grade RFO5LThe requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range5.05.0 mm2/s to 8.9 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.6.3 Grade RFO5HThe
48、requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range9.09.0 mm2/s to 14.9 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.6.4 Grade RFO6The requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range
49、15.015.0 mm2/s to 50.0 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.NOTE 6In the United States, fuel must also meet Environmental ProtectionAgency on-specification parameters for recycled used oil fuels as definedunder 40 CFR 279.11.6.5 The properties listed in this specification are those of greatest significance in obtaining acceptable performance of the burner.Only referee test methods are shown in Table 1. (See Section 7 for alternatealternative test methods and Appendix X1 forsignificance of test requirements).6.6 A repres
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