1、Designation: D6448 141D6448 16Standard Specification forIndustrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6448; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial changes to SI units formatting were made throughout in December 2014.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four grades
3、 of fuel oil made in whole or in part with hydrocarbon-based used or reprocessedlubricating oil or functional fluids, such as preservative and hydraulic fluids. The four grades of fuel are intended for use in varioustypes of fuel-oil-burning industrial equipment under various climatic and operating
4、conditions. These fuels are not intended for usein residential heaters, small commercial boilers, combustion engines, or marine applications,1.1.1 Grades RFO4, RFO5L, RFO5H, and RFO6 are used lubricating oil blends, with or without distillate or residual fuel oil,or both, of increasing viscosity and
5、 are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of recycled fuels.NOTE 1For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of fuel oils derived
6、from used lubricating oil and for the guidanceof consumers of such fuels. This specification does not address the frequency with which any particular test must be run.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of national or local regulations, which can be more restrictive. Insome j
7、urisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste and fuels from used oil are required to meet certain criteria beforeuse as a fuel.NOTE 2For United States federal requirements imposed on used oil generators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers, andburners, see 40 CFR
8、279.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informationon the subject, see Guide D4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; non-SI units, when given, are for information only.
9、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by DistillationD96 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Cru
10、de Oil by Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure) (Withdrawn 2000)3D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorime
11、terD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction MethodD482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD1217 Test Method for
12、Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fue
13、ls, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.P0 on Recycled Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014April 1, 2016. Published October 2014April 2016. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 asD6448 09.D6448 141. DOI: 10.1520/D6448-14E01.
14、10.1520/D6448-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historic
15、al standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, AS
16、TM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
17、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnome
18、terD1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary PycnometerD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and IR DetectionD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Meth
19、od (Laboratory Procedure)D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Vi
20、scometerD3245 Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel Oils (Withdrawn 2010)3D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum an
21、d Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4377 Test M
22、ethod for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer TitrationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4868 Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Burner and Diesel FuelsD4980 Test Methods for Screening of pH in Was
23、te (Withdrawn 2009)3D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6304 Test Method for
24、Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer Titration (Withdrawn 2016)3D6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed Cup (CCCFP) TesterD6822 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liqui
25、d Petroleum Products byThermohydrometer MethodD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agenc
26、y Standards:4EPA 600/4-79-020 Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion ChromatographyEPA SW-846 Method 9000 Determination of Water in Waste Materials by Karl Fisher TitrationEPA SW-846 Method 9001 Determination of Water in Waste Lubricants by Quantitative Calcium Hydride ReactionEPA SW-846 Method 90
27、56 Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion Chromatography2.3 Federal Code of Regulations Standards:540 CFR 279 Standards for the Management of Used Oil3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 burner fuel oil, nany petroleum liquid suitable for the generation of heat by combustion in a furnace or firebox
28、 as a vaporor a spray, or a combination of both.3.1.1.1 DiscussionDifferent grades are characterized primarily by viscosity ranges.3.1.2 reclaiming, nthe use of cleaning methods during recycling primarily to remove insoluble contaminants, thus making theoil suitable for further use. The methods may
29、include settling, heating, dehydration, filtration, and centrifuging.3.1.3 recycling, nin petroleum technology, the acquisition of oil that has become unsuitable for its intended use, andprocessing it to regain useful materials.4 Available from United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (US-EPA),A
30、riel Rios Bldg., PennsylvaniaAve., NW, Washington D.C. 20460. (www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm.5 NationalArchives and RecordsAdministration, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR),Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE
31、, Washington, DC 20401. www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.D6448 1623.1.4 re-refining, nthe use of refining processes during recycling to produce high quality base stocks for lubricants or otherpetroleum products. Re-refining may include one or more of the following: distillation, hydrotreating, or tr
32、eatments employingacid, caustic, solvent, clay, or other chemicals, or combination thereof.3.1.5 used oil, nin petroleum product recycling, oil whose characteristics have changed since being originally manufactured,and that is suitable for recycling.3.1.6 waste oil, nin petroleum technology, oil hav
33、ing characteristics making it unsuitable either for further use or for economicrecycling.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology D4175.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 industrial burner, na device that produces heat for industrial u
34、se through the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.3.3.1.1 DiscussionIndustrial burners are typically designed for one of two applications:(a) industrial furnacesintegral components of manufacturing processes that provide direct heating, for example, inaggregate, cement, lime, or phosphate kilns;
35、 coke ovens; or blast, smelting, melting, refining, or drying ovens.(b) industrial boilerslarge indirect heating units that transfer thermal energy to water or other fluids or gases for use inheating in industrial settings and in manufacturing processes3.3.2 reprocessing, n in petroleum product recy
36、cling, the preparation of used oil to be suitable as a fuel.3.3.2.1 DiscussionReprocessing includes procedures such as settling, filtration, blending, distillation, and chemical treatment.4. Classification4.1 There are four grades of industrial burner fuel containing recycled lubricating oils covere
37、d by this specification. Thesegrades may or may not correlate directly with similar grades in other ASTM standards. The RFO designation identifies them asReprocessed Fuel Oils. The usage descriptions of each grade may not describe all the uses, but are included as general information.The four grades
38、 are described as follows:4.1.1 Grade RFO4Primarily a blend of used lubricating oils and distillate or a reprocessed distillate product derived from usedoil. It is intended for use in pressure atomizing industrial burners with no preheating.This grade of recycled oil fuel is used in manymedium capac
39、ity industrial burners where ease of handling justifies the higher cost over the heavier used oil fuels.4.1.2 Grade RFO5LA straight (100 %) used lubricating oil blend or a used lubricating oil and distillate blend fuel ofintermediate viscosity, heavier than Grade RFO4. It is intended for use both in
40、 pressure-atomizing industrial burners not requiringhigher cost distillates and in burners equipped to atomize oils of higher viscosity with or without pre-heating. Its permissibleviscosity range allows it to be pumped and atomized at relatively low-storage temperatures.4.1.3 Grade RFO5HAstraight (1
41、00 %) used lubricating oil blend or a used lubricating oil and residual blend fuel, heavier thanGrade RFO5L. It is intended for use in industrial burners equipped with devices that atomize oil of higher viscosity than domesticburners can handle. Preheating may be necessary in some types of equipment
42、 for burning and in colder climates for handling.4.1.4 Grade RFO6Ahigh-viscosity used lubricating oil and residual blend fuel, heavier than Grade RFO5H. It is intended foruse in large industrial heaters and may require preheating in the storage tank to permit pumping.Additional preheating at the bur
43、nermay be necessary to permit satisfactory atomization. The extra equipment and maintenance required to handle this fuel usuallypreclude its use in small installations.5. General Requirements5.1 The fuel oils specified herein shall contain a minimum volume of 25 % of used lubricating oil-derived pro
44、ducts, the balancebeing a Specification D396 fuel oil or suitable refinery stocks.5.2 The fuel oils shall be homogeneous fluids consisting primarily of hydrocarbons. Fuel oils containing residual componentsshall remain uniform in storage and shall not separate by gravity or aging into layers in norm
45、al operating conditions.NOTE 4Prolonged storage or equipment down time may necessitate circulation of the fuel oil in-tank to prevent such separation.5.3 The fuel oil shall not contain excessive amounts of organic or inorganic acids, or both, and shall be free of solid or fibrousmatter that could ca
46、use system handling or maintenance problems. The buyer and seller should agree on any requirements forparticle size.NOTE 5The fuels defined by this specification are appropriate only for burners capable of handling and combusting fuels with potentially highermetals and ash content.D6448 1636. Detail
47、ed Requirements6.1 Grade RFO4The requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range below5 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.6.2 Grade RFO5LThe requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in th
48、e viscosity range5.0 mm2/s to 8.9 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.6.3 Grade RFO5HThe requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range9.0 mm2/s to 14.9 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.6.4 Grade RFO6T
49、he requirements for this type of fuel are presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range15.0 mm2/s to 50.0 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 C in accordance with Test Method D445.NOTE 6In the United States, fuel must also meet Environmental ProtectionAgency on-specification parameters for recycled used oil fuels as definedunder 40 CFR 279.11.6.5 The properties listed in this specification are those of greatest significance in obtaining acceptable performance of the burner.Only referee test methods are shown in Table 1. (See Section 7 for alte
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