1、Designation: D 6473 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method ForSpecific Gravity And Absorption of Rock For ErosionControl1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of specificgravity and absorption of rock for erosion control,
3、commonlyreferred to as riprap or armor stone. The specific gravity maybe expressed as bulk specific gravity or apparent specificgravity. Bulk specific gravity and absorption are based on a24-h soaking time for the rock specimens tested.1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials isbeyond t
4、he scope of this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
5、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption ofCoarse AggregateD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements f
6、or AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-fying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock,and Related Construction MaterialsD 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock
7、 to Be Used forErosion Control3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions for terms in this test methodshall be in accordance with Terminology D 653 except as notedin 3.2.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 absorptionthe increase in the mass of rock due towater in the pores of the
8、material, but not including wateradhering to the outside surface of the particles. Absorption isexpressed as a percentage of the dry mass. The rock isconsidered “dry” if it has been maintained in an environmentfor sufficient time to remove all visible water.3.2.2 apparent specific gravitythe ratio o
9、f (1) the mass inair of a given volume of the impermeable portion of apermeable material (that is, the solid matter including itsimpermeable pores or voids) at a stated temperature to (2) themass of an equal volume of distilled water at the same statedtemperature. The value is dimensionless.3.2.3 bu
10、lk specific gravitythe ratio of (1) the mass in air ofa given volume of a permeable solid (including both permeableand impermeable voids within the material) at a stated tem-perature, to (2) the mass in air of an equal volume of distilledwater at the same stated temperature. The value is dimension-l
11、ess.3.2.4 bulk specific gravity (saturated surface-dry) (SSD)the ratio of (1) the mass of a given volume of permeable solid,(including the mass of water within the saturated permeablevoids) filled to the extent achieved by submerging in water forapproximately 24 h at the stated temperature to (2) th
12、e mass ofan equal volume of water at the same stated temperature. Thevalue is dimensionless.3.2.5 specific gravitythe ratio of (1) the mass in air of agiven volume of solid at a stated temperature to (2) the mass ofan equal volume of distilled water at the same stated tempera-ture. The value is dime
13、nsionless.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An air-dried specimen (block, chunk, or slab) of rock issubmerged in water for 24 h after which it is weighed whilestill submerged. It is then removed from the water, dried to asurface dry condition, and weighed again. Finally it is dried inan oven for a specif
14、ied length of time and weighed again. The1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock and ErosionControl.Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Las
15、t previous edition approved in 1999 as D 647399.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright AS
16、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.initial mass and increase in mass are used to determine thespecimens specific gravity and percentage of water absorbed.NOTE 1Immersion durations other than the 24-h period have beenused. Specimens i
17、n those tests have been immersed in increments over afour-day period. Test results indicate a higher percentage of waterabsorption than the 24 h test. Negligible differences in bulk specificgravity were measured after one-day soaking and four-day incrementalsoakings.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rock r
18、iprap and armor stone are composed of pieces ofnatural rock that are placed on construction projects to mini-mize the effects of erosion. The ability of rock to withstanddeterioration from weathering affects both the effectiveness ofthe project and its cost. The specific gravity and absorption ofroc
19、k provide useful information that can be used in evaluatingpossible deterioration of rock.5.2 Bulk specific gravity and bulk specific gravity SSD mayreflect the quality of rock and is important in that it mayprovide one indicator to the resistance of a rock to movementby water.5.3 The absorption of
20、water into rock may affect its dura-bility under freezing conditions and salt crystallization condi-tions. In addition, the absorption test has been used as an indextest in determining whether additional tests are needed toevaluate the durability of a rock.5.4 Test specimens equal in size to the pro
21、posed design sizewould provide the best correlations between laboratory testsand actual field performance, however this is usually neitherpractical nor economically feasible.5.5 The results of these tests are not to be used as the solebasis for determination of rock durability, but should be used in
22、conjunction with the results of other tests.5.6 These test methods have been used to evaluate differenttypes of rocks. There have been rare occasions when testresults have provided data that have not agreed with thedurability of rock under actual field conditions. For example,some rocks with low abs
23、orption values have fragmented inactual usage and some with high absorption values have provento be durable.NOTE 2The quality of the result produced by this test method isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies whi
24、ch meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this test methodare cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itselfassure reliable results. Reliable results depends on many factors; Practice
25、D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen ContainerA container capable of holding asubmerged rock specimen being tested.6.2 BalanceA balance or scale conforming to the require-ments of Specification D 4753 and readable (with no estima-tion) to the nearest5g
26、orto0.1%orbetter of the mass of thetest specimen.6.3 Oven, capable of drying the specimen to a temperatureof 110 6 5C (230 6 9F).7. Sampling7.1 Practice D 4992 provides guidance on sampling asource of rock. A source that is macroscopically uniform incolor, texture, mineralogy, or some other visual p
27、roperty shallbe represented by a sample consisting of a minimum of fivespecimens of rock. A macroscopically nonuniform source shallbe represented by a sample consisting of a minimum of eightspecimens of rock for testing. Rock types that comprise lessthan 5 % of the total source, as determined from t
28、heir macro-scopic properties may be ignored, unless their presence willgreatly affect the test results and subsequent proposed use ofthe rock. Sample the rock types in their approximate proportionto the types that occur at the source.7.2 Specimens shall be clean and without soil particles orother ma
29、terials that will adhere to them and affect test results.Specimens shall have all loose parts and adhering materialremoved by brushing with a stiff brush (including the use ofwater, as necessary) and shall be allowed to air dry.7.3 Each specimen shall be a minimum of 1 kg (2.2 lb) inmass. The maximu
30、m mass shall be limited only by the capacityof the scale and size of the water-filled tank.NOTE 3Tests to determine the absorption and specific gravity havebeen performed on aggregate-sized particles in accordance with TestMethod C 127. Larger-sized particles may include more variability in rockprop
31、erties than small particles and can give a better indication of the bulkproperties than small ones.8. Procedure8.1 Conduct the testing procedure at ambient laboratorytemperatures.8.2 Completely submerge the air-dried specimens in waterat 20 to 30C (68 to 86F) for a period of 24 6 4 h. Determinethe m
32、ass of each specimen while they are immersed in water atthe end of this time period. Record these, and all subsequentmasses, to the nearest5gor0.1%,whichever is more precise.8.3 Remove each specimen from the water and roll it in alarge absorbent cloth until all visible films of water areremoved. A m
33、oving stream of air (but not a heated air stream,such as from a drier) may be used to assist the drying, but careshould be taken to avoid evaporation of water from the pores.Determine and record the mass of each specimen.8.4 Dry each specimen for 24 h or to a mass that is constantwithin 60.1 % at a
34、temperature of 110 6 5C (230 6 9F),then cool them in air at room temperature for 1 to 3 h, andrecord their mass.NOTE 4The use of tap water instead of distilled water is permitted.The tap water shall not contain a high amount of dissolved minerals andshall stand for several hours to dissipate any dis
35、solved air. Laboratory testresults run on specimens tested in distilled water were sufficiently close tothose tested in tap water so as not to significantly affect the result.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the bulk specific gravity, bulk specific gravity(SSD), apparent specific gravity, and absorption
36、for eachspecimen at ambient laboratory temperature as follows:bulk specific gravity 5 A/BC! (1)bulk specific gravity SSD!5 B/BC! (2)D 6473 99 (2005)2apparent specific gravity 5 A/AC! (3)absorption, % 5 BA!/A3 100 (4)where:A = mass of oven-dry test specimen in air, g,B = mass of saturated-surface dry
37、 test specimen in air, g,andC = buoyant mass of submerged test specimen in water, g.9.1.1 Calculate the results for each specific gravity test tothe nearest 0.01. Calculate the averages of all specific gravitytests by summing the results of all test specimens and dividingby the number of specimens t
38、ested and report to the nearest0.01.9.1.2 Calculate the results for each absorption test to thenearest 0.1 %. Calculate the averages for all absorption tests bysumming the results of all specimens and dividing by thenumber of specimens and report to the nearest 0.1 %.10. Report10.1 Report the follow
39、ing information:10.1.1 Prepare a separate report on rock from each source.Report the source of the samples, its location, the datessampled and tested, and the geological formation if known,10.1.2 Description and type of materials,10.1.3 Name of the individuals performing the test,10.1.4 Indicate the
40、 type of specific gravity, whether bulk,bulk (SSD), or apparent. The specific gravity results for eachspecimen tested and the average of each type of test to thenearest 0.01, and10.1.5 Absorption result for each specimen tested and theaverage of all the specimens tested to the nearest 0.1 %.11. Prec
41、ision and Bias11.1 PrecisionSubcommittee D18.17 is presently con-ducting a series of tests that it hopes will permit determiningprecision of test results. Subcommittee D18.17 welcomesproposals from the users of this test method that might be usedto make a limited statement on precision.11.2 BiasTher
42、e is no accepted reference value for this testmethod; therefore bias cannot be determined.12. Keywords12.1 absorption; riprap; rock material properties; specificgravityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin t
43、his standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must
44、be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of there
45、sponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
46、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6473 99 (2005)3
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