ASTM D6482-2006(2016) 0957 Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Tensi Method)《采.pdf

1、Designation: D6482 06 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Cooling Characteristics of AqueousPolymer Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis withAgitation (Tensi Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6482; the number immediately following the designation indi

2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the equipment and

3、the proce-dure for evaluation of quenching characteristics of a quenchingfluid by cooling rate determination.1.2 This test method is designed to evaluate quenchingfluids with agitation, using the Tensi agitation apparatus.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values gi

4、ven in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulato

5、ry limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6200 Test Method for Determination of Cooling Charac-teristics of Quench Oils by Cooling Curve AnalysisE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive For

6、ce(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 SAE Standard:3AMS 5665 Nickel Alloy Corrosion and Heat Resistant Bars,Forgings and Rings2.3 Japanese Industrial Standards:4JIS K 2242 Heat Treating OilJIS K 6753 Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate2.4 Wolfson Engineering Group:5Wolfson Engineering Group Specifi

7、cation Laboratory Testsfor Assessing the Cooling Curve of Industrial QuenchingMedia2.5 ASTM Adjuncts:6ADJD6300 D2PP, Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 aqueous polymer quenchanta

8、n aqueous solutioncontaining a water soluble polymer; typically including poly-(alkylene glycol), poly(ethyl oxazoline), poly(solium acrylate)and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (1, 2) .7The quenchant solutionalso typically contains additives for corrosion and foamcontrol, if needed. Quench severity of aque

9、ous polymer quen-chants is dependent on concentration and molecular weight ofthe specific polymer being evaluated, quenchant temperature,and agitation rate as shown in Figs. 1-3, respectively.3.1.2 cooling curvea graphical representation of the cool-ing time (t)-temperature (T) response of the probe

10、 (see 7.3).Anexample is illustrated in Fig. 4A.3.1.3 cooling curve analysisthe process of quantifying thecooling characteristics of a quenchant based on the temperatureversus time profile obtained by cooling a preheated metal probeassembly (see Fig. 5) under standard conditions (1, 3, 4).3.1.4 cooli

11、ng rate curveobtained by calculating the firstderivative (dT/dt) of the cooling time-temperature curve. Anexample is illustrated in Fig. 4B.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommi

12、ttee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6482 06 (2011). DOI:10.1520/D6482-06R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact

13、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.4Available from Japanese Standards

14、 Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 AkasakaMinato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http:/www.jsa.or.jp.5Wolfson Heat Treatment Centre, Federation House, Vyse St., Birmingham, B186LT, UK, http:/www.sea.org.uk/whtc.6No longer available from ASTM International Headquarters.7The boldface numbers in parentheses refer

15、 to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 quench severitythe ability of a quenching medium toextract heat from a hot metal (5).3.1.6 quenchantany medium, liquid or gas

16、that may beused to mediate heat transfer during the cooling of hot metal.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The nickel alloy probe assemblys cooling time versustemperature is determined after placing the assembly in afurnace and heating to 850 C (1562 F) and then quenchinginto an aqueous polymer quenchant

17、 solution. The temperatureinside the probe assembly and the cooling times are recorded atselected time intervals to establish a cooling temperatureversus time curve. The resulting cooling curve may be used toevaluate quench severity (see Note 1).NOTE 1For production testing, the furnace temperature

18、of 815 C to857 C (1500 F to 1575 F) may be used.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus tem-perature pathway that is directly proportional to physicalproperties such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching ofa metal. The results obtained by this test method may b

19、e usedas a guide in quenchant selection or comparison of quenchseverities of different quenchants, new or used.6. Interferences6.1 The presence of contaminants, such as oil, salt, metal-working fluids, forging lubricants, and polymer degradation,FIG. 1 Illustration of the Effect of Quenchant Concent

20、ration on Cooling Curve Performance for Poly(Alkylene Glycol) Quenchant at 30Cand 0.5 m/sFIG. 2 Illustration of the Effect of Bath Temperature Variation on Cooling Curve Performance for 15 % Aqueous Solution of Poly (Alky-lene Glycol) Quenchant at 0.5 m/sD6482 06 (2016)2may affect cooling curve resu

21、lts obtained by this test methodfor aqueous polymer quenchants. Contaminants, such as water,hydraulic fluids, sludge, additive loss, and oil degradation, maysimilarly affect the cooling curve behavior of oil quenchants.7. Apparatus7.1 FurnaceUse a horizontal or vertical electrical resis-tance tube-t

22、ype furnace capable of maintaining a constantminimum temperature of 850 C (1562 F) over a heatedlength of not less than 120 mm (4.72 in.) and a probe posi-tioned in the center of the heating chamber. The furnace shallbe capable of maintaining the probes temperature within62.5 C (4.5 F) over the spec

23、imen length. The furnace, thatis, the radiant tube heating media, shall be used with ambientatmosphere.7.2 Measurement SystemThe temperature-time measure-ment system shall be a computer based data acquisition systemcapable of providing a permanent record of the coolingcharacteristics of each oil sam

24、ple tested, producing a record ofvariation in the test probe assembly of temperature with respectto time and of cooling rate with respect to temperature.7.3 Probe, shall be cylindrical, having a diameter of12.5 mm 6 0.01 mm (0.492 in. 6 0.0004 in.) and a length of60 mm 6 0.25 mm (2.362 in. 6 0.01 in

25、.) with a 1.45 mm to1.65 mm (0.057 in. to 0.065 in.) sheathed type K thermocouplein its geometric center. The probe shall be made of a nickelalloy 600 (UNS N06600) purchased to SAE specification (seeAMS 5665), that has a nominal composition of 76.0 % Ni,15.5 % Cr, 8.0 % Fe, 0.08 % C, and 0.25 % maxi

26、mum Cu. Theprobe shall be attached to a support tube with a minimumFIG. 3 Effect of Agitation Rate Variation on Cooling Curve Performance for a 15 % Aqueous Poly(Alkylene Glycol) Quenchant Solutionat 30CA. Cooling time - temperature curve (cooling curve) B. Cooling rate - temperature curve (cooling

27、rate curve)FIG. 4 Typical Temperature/Time and Temperature/Cooling Rate Plots for Test Probe Cooled in Quenching OilD6482 06 (2016)3length of 200 mm (7.874 in.). The thermocouple sheathing andthe support tube shall be the same material as the probe (seeNote 2). See Fig. 4 for recommended manufacturi

28、ng details.NOTE 2Exercise care that the probe specimen is not damaged becausesurface irregularities will influence the results of the test.7.4 Tensi Agitation Assembly:7.4.1 Construction:7.4.1.1 The 125 mm by 60 mm by 60 mm Tensi agitationassembly is illustrated in Fig. 6. The volume of the assembly

29、 isapproximately 1.5 by 103m3. This assembly may be con-structed from glass or any transparent and temperature-resistant synthetic material that is chemically compatible withthe quenching fluids to be evaluated. Alternatively, the agita-tion assembly, illustrated in Fig. 7, may be purchased as-sembl

30、ed.87.4.1.2 Quenchant agitation is provided by an impellermixer. The three-blade impeller is 50 mm in diameter with apitch setting 42 mm _ 0.85. The impeller is commerciallyavailable.NOTE 3This procedure is recommended for aqueous polymer quen-chants. Quench oils are not compatible with the poly(met

31、hyl methacry-late) materials used for construction of this apparatus.7.4.2 CleaningThe agitation assembly shall be cleanedprior to use with a detergent solution. After cleaning, theassembly shall be rinsed with water at least three times toensure that no quenchant residue or detergent solution remai

32、ns.7.4.3 Flow VelocityCorrelation of flow velocity throughthe quenching chamber and impeller rotational speed for wateris illustrated in Fig. 8. Flow velocity for other fluids will varywith fluid viscosity.7.4.3.1 Impeller SpeedFluids shall be controlled by therotational speed of the impeller. Stand

33、ard impeller speed of1000 rmin is recommended and is obtained from a plot ofrevolutions per minute versus potentiometer setting as illus-trated in Fig. 9 and described as impeller speed calibration:Impeller speed shall be determined using an optical tachom-eter. Optional tachometers operate by emitt

34、ing and receivinglight to and from a reflector fastened on to the impeller shaft.A typical calibration plot is illustrated in Fig. 8.NOTE 4The impeller velocity will depend to some extent on theviscosity of the quenchant solution. However, the variation was found tobe minimal over a wide range of vi

35、scosities from water to a polymerquenchant at 30 % by volume.7.4.3.2 Flow DirectionThe correct fluid flow direction isillustrated in Fig. 6. However, if the wiring of the electricalmotor is reversed, it is possible that the flow direction will alsobe reversed. If this occurs, which is easily detecte

36、d visually, the8The sole source of supply of the Tensi agitation apparatus, fully assembled,known to the committee at this time is IVF, The Swedish Institute of ProductionEngineering Research,Argongatan 30, S-431 53 Mlndal, Sweden. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this inform

37、ation to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 5 Probe Details and General Probe AssemblyD6482 06 (2016)4polarity of the electrical motor is reversed by reversing the twowire lead

38、s to the motor.7.4.4 Fluid VolumeThe resulting cooling curve will bedependent on the temperature rise during the quench, which isdependent on the total fluid volume. Therefore, the coolingcurve analysis shall be performed with the same volume offluid. The fluid shall be level with the lower distance

39、 ring in thesupport tube, as shown in Fig. 10.7.5 Temperature MeasurementAny temperature detectiondevice may be used that is capable of measuring quenchingfluid temperature to within 61 C (1.8 F).7.6 Transfer MechanismThe heated probe is transferredmanually to the Tensi agitation assembly, which sha

40、ll beequipped with a fixture to ensure correct placement in thecenter of the quenching chamber, as illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.A timer shall be used to ensure a maximum transfer time of3.0 s.7.7 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes, and may bepart of a computer clock.8. Reagents and Materials8.1

41、 Reference Quenching FluidUse a reference quenchingfluid for initial and regular probe calibration to determine if theprobe will give results consistent to those obtained duringinitial break-in (see Test Method D6200). If the maximumcooling rate is greater than 63 %, the probe shall be recondi-tione

42、d (see 9.3). Cooling curve results shall be traceable to aprimary standard fluid, such as that cited in Wolfson Engineer-ing Group Specification or JIS K 2242 and JIS K 6753. Thereference fluids shall be stored in a sealed container when notin use and shall be replaced after 200 quenches or two year

43、s,whichever is sooner. Distilled or deionized water at 50 C mayalso be used.NOTE 5If a reference fluid other than distilled water is used, theagitation device described here shall not be used. Instead, a suitableFIG. 6 Schematic Drawing of Tensi Agitation AssemblyFIG. 7 Commercially Available Tensi

44、Agitation AssemblyFIG. 8 Correlation of Flow Velocity Through Quenching Chamberand Impeller Rotational Speed for WaterD6482 06 (2016)5compatible container consistent with the specified requirement beingfollowed shall be used.8.2 Cleaning SolventA hydrocarbon solvent that willevaporate at room temper

45、ature, leaving no residue.(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.)8.3 Polishing Paper, 600 grit emery.8.4 Cloth, lintless and absorbent.9. Cleaning and Conditioning9.1 Cleaning Used ProbesWipe probe with a lintless clothor absorbent paper after removal from the oil and prior toreturning to the furnac

46、e. (WarningThe probe shall alwaysbe considered hot, as temperature below visual hot tempera-tures can still cause injury to the skin.) A cleaning solvent maybe used, but care should be taken that the probe is below 50 C(122 F). (WarningDo not use cleaning solvent near thefurnace opening, especially

47、with automated transfer mecha-nisms.)9.2 Conditioning New ProbesCondition the probe prior toits initial use with any quenchant by carrying out a minimumof six trial quenches, or a greater number if required to achieveconsistency, using a general purpose hydrocarbon oil. Consis-tency shall mean the l

48、ast two tests shall have maximum coolingrates within 62 % in temperature and cooling rate. Clean theprobe assembly between quenches as specified in 9.1. Quenchthe probe in the reference quenching fluid and check accordingto 12.3. If the probe does not meet the requirements of 12.3,recondition accord

49、ing to 9.3 and then recalibrate again accord-ing to 12.3. Do not use probes that do not meet theserequirements.9.3 Probe Reconditioning:9.3.1 The probe shall be reconditioned when the probecalibration according to 12.3 does not meet the calibrationlimits (63 % at the maximum cooling rate) of the referencefluid. Recondition the probe by cleaning with emery paper.Although coarser 320-grit paper may be used for initialcleaning, the final finish shall be provided using 600-grit emerypaper. Following this surface cleaning proc