1、Designation: D6495 14D6495/D6495M 15Standard Guide forAcceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic ClayLiners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6495;D6495/D6495M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)
3、materials, describingtypes of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishinga minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended
4、 to assure that the supplied GCL rollsmeet accepted material specifications.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
5、of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be us
6、ed in conjunction with professional judgment. Notall aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standardof care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied withoutcons
7、ideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide hasbeen approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit
8、yof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD882 Te
9、st Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of GeosyntheticsD5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimen
10、s Using a FlexibleWall PermeameterD5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5889 Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5891 Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of
11、 Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5994D5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured GeomembranesD6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Int
12、ernal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the DirectShear Method1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved July 1, 2014July 1, 2015.
13、Published September 2014August 2015. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 asD649509.14. DOI: 10.1520/D6495-14.10.1520/D6495_D6495M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
14、 Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be te
15、chnically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
16、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6496D6496/D6496M Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers ofNeedle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay LinersD6693D6693/D6693M Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylen
17、e and NonreinforcedFlexible Polypropylene GeomembranesD6768D6768/D6768M Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners2.2 United States EPA Document:EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Waste Containment Facilities32.3 ISO Standard:ISO
18、10318 GeosyntheticsTerms and definitions43. Terminology3.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1 adhered geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), nGCL product in which the clay component is bonded to a film or membraneby adhesion.3.1.2 coated GCL, nGCL product with at least one layer of a synthetic substance applied
19、 to the GCL as a fluid and allowedto solidify.3.1.3 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.4 geosynthetic clay liner, GCL, nfactory manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported bygeotextiles or geomembranes, or b
20、oth, that are held together by needling, stitching, or a chemical adhesives clay geosyntheticbarrier. (1) The ISO 10318 definition of a clay geosynthetic barrier (GBR-C); (GBR-C), which is a GCL according to ASTMInternational, a GCL definitions, is:AGBR-C is a factory assembled structure of geosynth
21、etic materials in the form of a sheet thatacts as a barrier. The barrier function is essentially fulfilled by clay. It is used in contact with soil or other materials, or both, ingeotechnical and civil engineering applications.3.1.5 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles3
22、.1.6 laminated GCL, nGCL product with at least one film or membrane layer superimposed and bonded to the GCL by anadhesive usually under heat and pressure.3.1.7 multicomponent GCL, nGCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity orprotecting the clay core, or b
23、oth.3.1.8 needle-punched GCL, nreinforced GCL manufactured using needles that punch fibers from a nonwoven through thecover and carrier geotextile as well as the clay core to bond the components together to increase internal shear strength.3.1.9 reinforced GCL, nGCL that has a discrete component to
24、increase internal shear strength.3.1.10 stitch-bonded GCL, nreinforced GCLmanufactured by stitching in which yarns or threads are passed through the covergeosynthetic, the clay core, and the carrier geosynthetic creating a directional orientation; therefore, the direction of allowableshear transfer
25、is predetermined.3.1.11 unreinforced GCL, nGCL that does not have a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401,http:/www.access.gp
26、o.gov.20401-0001, http:/www.gpo.gov.4 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D6495/D6495M 1523.2 Organizational Definitions:3.2.1 agency, nin geosynthetics the organization who reviews th
27、e permit application for compliance with the agencysregulation and all quality assurance documentation before and after construction.3.2.2 contractor, nin geosynthetics the party or organization who has the responsibility for the construction of the man-madeproject, structure or system.3.2.3 designe
28、r, nin geosynthetics the person or organization who designs a man-made project, structure or system that fulfillsthe owners/operators requirements and meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of the agency.3.2.4 installer, nin geosynthetics the party who installs, or facilitates installation of, an
29、y materials purchased frommanufacturers or suppliers.3.2.5 manufacturer, nin geosynthetics the group, corporation, partnership, or individual that manufactures a product.3.2.6 operator, nin geosynthetics the person or organization who operates the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.7 owner, n
30、in geosynthetics the person or organization who owns the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.8 purchaser, nin geosynthetics the person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed.3.3 Quality Definitions:3.3.1 acceptance testing, ntesting performed on a produc
31、t to determine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements.3.3.2 machine direction (MD), nthe direction in the plane of the fabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.3.3 manufacturing quality control (MQC), na planned system of activities by the manufa
32、cturer whose purpose is to providea level of quality that meets the needs of product requirements; also, the use of such a system.3.3.4 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that amaterial, product, system, or service will satisfy g
33、iven needs.4. Specifications and Use4.1 This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing ofGCL materials.4.2 It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests or at other frequen
34、ciesthan required in this standard guide, or both. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over thisstandard guide.5. Procedure5.1 The clay components, geosynthetic components and finished GCLs are typically tested during MQC (Practice D5889) andare typically doc
35、umented by means of a letter of certification or summarized MQC test data, or both. These components shouldbe verified to be in conformance with the accepted material specifications. This can be done by reviewing the letter of certification,or MQC test data, or both, or by additional quality assuran
36、ce testing, or both, and acceptance testing. Acceptance testing can bedone prior to GCL shipment, directly after arrival of the GCL on site, or prior to GCL installation, or both. Irregularities shouldbe noted and reported.NOTE 1Some GCL producers add polymers to the clay component during the manufa
37、cturing process. However, clay component testing accordingto Test Methods D5890 and D5891 is done on the bentonite without polymer modification.Acceptance testing on site is carried out on the finished GCL,so that clay component testing on site according to Test Methods D5890 and D5891 might be infl
38、uenced by the added polymers.5.2 Supplied GCL rolls should be observed on site in order to identify any damage to the rolls or the wrapping. In case of anydamage Guide D5888 should be followed. Any damage should be noted and reported.5.3 Before storing or unrolling GCL rolls, or both, the individual
39、 roll identification should be verified and should be comparedwith the packing list. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.4 If sampling of GCL material is necessary, for example, for testing purposes, GuidePractice D6072/D6072M should befollowed.5.5 The recommended acceptance tests and test
40、 methods for GCL materials are given in Table 1. The tests are performed onthe finished GCL and should be compared with the accepted material specifications. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.6 GCL rolls not in compliance with the accepted material specifications may be rejected.6. Repor
41、t6.1 All activities on product acceptance should be recorded on a suitable data sheet. Recorded activities may take the form ofnotes, charts sketches, photographs, or a combination of these.6.1.1 Report the following information:D6495/D6495M 1536.1.1.1 Manufacturers letter of certification or MQC da
42、ta, or both,6.1.1.2 Description or title of product acceptance activity, or both,6.1.1.3 Location, date and time of acceptance activity,6.1.1.4 Procedure used for acceptance activity,6.1.1.5 GCL roll and lot numbers, brand name and other GCL specific information,6.1.1.6 Results of acceptance activit
43、y,MD = machine direction.CD = cross-machine directionMARV = minimum average roll value.valuen a = not applicable.TABLE 1 Types of Acceptance Tests and Methods for GCL MaterialsAreinforced unreinforcedSingleComponentMulti-component SinglecomponentMulti-componentwithcoatingwith film ormembranewithcoat
44、ingwith film ormembraneTestDesignation Test Method Frequency Frequency of TestingA Report ValueBentonite ClayClay mass per unitarea (dried)D5993 project specific project specific,typically MARVSwell index D5891 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueSwell index D5890 project specifi
45、c project specific,typically minimumvalueFluid loss D5890 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueFluid loss D5891 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueGeomembrane,membrane, film backingDensity ofgeomembrane,membrane,film backingBD792 (otherresins) orD1505 (PE)n/a
46、n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVThickness ofgeomembraneBD5199 (smooth),D5994 (textured)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVThickness ofgeomembraneBD5199 (smooth),D5994/D5994M(textured)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a pro
47、jectspecificproject specific,typically MARVTensile strengthat breakand yield(MD and CD)C,B,DD882 (film ormembrane),D6693(geomembrane)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVTensile strengthat breakand yield(MD and CD)C,B,DD882 (film ormembrane),D6693/D6693M(geome
48、mbrane)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVFinished GCL:Total mass per unitareaD5993 project specific project specific,typically MARVTensile Strength D6768 project specific project specific,typically MARVTensile Strength D6768/D6768M project specific project
49、specific,typically MARVBonding peelstrengthED6496 project specific n/a project specific,typically MARVBonding peelstrengthED6496/D6496M project specific n/a project specific,typically MARVGCL indexfluxF resp.base bentonitefor multi-componentGCLsBD5887 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueGCL indexfluxF resp.base bentonitefor multi-componentGCLsD5887 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueD6495/D6495M 1546.1.1.7 Company of involved personnel,6.1.1.8 Signature and printed name of acceptance inspector,6.1.1.9
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