1、Designation: D6495 09D6495 14Standard Guide forAcceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic ClayLiners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describin
3、gtypes of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishinga minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended to assure that the
4、supplied GCL rollsmeet accepted material specifications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This guide cannot replace education or e
5、xperience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Notall aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standardof care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this gu
6、ide be applied withoutconsideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide hasbeen approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its us
7、e. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plast
8、ics by DisplacementD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of GeosyntheticsD5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosyn
9、thetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a FlexibleWall PermeameterD5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5889 Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5891 Test Method for Fluid
10、 Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5994 Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured GeomembranesD6072D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD6243D6243/D6243M Test Method
11、 for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner bythe Direct Shear MethodD6496 Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-PunchedGeosynthetic Clay Liners1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
12、ee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved June 1, 2009July 1, 2014. Published August 2009September 2014. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20022009as D649502.09. DOI: 10.1520/D6495
13、09.10.1520/D6495-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard an
14、d is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
15、the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and N
16、onreinforced Flexible Polypro-pylene GeomembranesD6768 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners2.2 United States EPA Document:EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Waste Containment Facilities32.3 ISO Standard:ISO 10318 Geosyntheti
17、cs Terms GeosyntheticsTerms and definitions43. Terminology3.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1 adhered geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), nGCL product in which the clay component is bonded to a film or membraneby adhesion.3.1.2 coated GCL, nGCL product with at least one layer of a synthetic substance appl
18、ied to the GCL as a fluid and allowedto solidify.3.1.3 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.4 geosynthetic clay liner, GCL , GCL, nfactory manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supportedby geotextiles or geomembra
19、nes, or both, that are held together by needling, stitching, or a chemical adhesives clay geosyntheticbarrier. (1) The ISO 10318 definition of a clay geosynthetic barrier (GBR-C); according toASTM International, a GCLis a factoryassembled structure of geosynthetic materials in the form of a sheet th
20、at acts as a barrier. The barrier function is essentially fulfilledby clay. It is used in contact with soil or other materials, or both, in geotechnical and civil engineering applications.3.1.5 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles3.1.6 laminated GCL, nGCL product with a
21、t least one film or membrane layer superimposed and bonded to the GCL by anadhesive usually under heat and pressure.3.1.7 multicomponent GCL, nGCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity orprotecting the clay core, or both.3.1.8 needle-punched GCL, nreinforc
22、ed GCL manufactured using needles that punch fibers from a nonwoven through thecover and carrier geotextile as well as the clay core to bond the components together to increase internal shear strength.3.1.9 reinforced GCL, nGCL that has a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3.1.10
23、 stitch-bonded GCL, nreinforced GCLmanufactured by stitching in which yarns or threads are passed through the covergeosynthetic, the clay core, and the carrier geosynthetic creating a directional orientation; therefore, the direction of allowableshear transfer is predetermined.3.1.11 unreinforced GC
24、L, nGCL that does not have a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.732 N. Capitol St., NW, MailStop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.
25、4 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale CP 56, CH-1211,CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland,http:/www.iso.ch.http:/www.iso.org.D6495 1423.2 Organizational Definitions:3.2.1 agency, nin geosynthetics the organization who reviews the perm
26、it application for compliance with the agencysregulation and all quality assurance documentation before and after construction.3.2.2 contractor, nin geosynthetics the party or organization who has the responsibility for the construction of the man-madeproject, structure or system.3.2.3 designer, nin
27、 geosynthetics the person or organization who designs a man-made project, structure or system that fulfillsthe owners/operators requirements and meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of the agency.3.2.4 installer, nin geosynthetics the party who installs, or facilitates installation of, any mate
28、rials purchased frommanufacturers or suppliers.3.2.5 manufacturer, nin geosynthetics the group, corporation, partnership, or individual that manufactures a product.3.2.6 operator, nin geosynthetics the person or organization who operates the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.7 owner, nin geo
29、synthetics the person or organization who owns the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.8 purchaser, nin geosynthetics the person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed.3.3 Quality Definitions:3.3.1 acceptance testing, ntesting performed on a product to d
30、etermine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements.3.3.2 machine direction (MD), nthe direction in the plane of the fabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.3.3 manufacturing quality control (MQC), na planned system of activities by the manufacturer
31、 whose purpose is to providea level of quality that meets the needs of product requirements; also, the use of such a system.3.3.4 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that amaterial, product, system, or service will satisfy given n
32、eeds.4. Specifications and Use4.1 This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing ofGCL materials.4.2 It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests and/oror at otherfrequenc
33、ies than required in this standard guide. guide, or both. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then takeprecedence over this standard guide.5. Procedure5.1 The clay components, geosynthetic components and finished GCLs are typically tested during MQC (Practice D5889) andare typica
34、lly documented by means of a letter of certification and/oror summarized MQC test data. data, or both.These componentsshould be verified to be in conformance with the accepted material specifications. This can be done by reviewing the letter ofcertification, or MQC test data, or both, or by addition
35、al quality assurance testing, or both, and acceptance testing. Acceptancetesting can be done prior to GCLshipment, directly after arrival of the GCLon site, and/oror prior to GCLinstallation. installation,or both. Irregularities should be noted and reported.NOTE 1Some GCL producers add polymers to t
36、he clay component during the manufacturing process. However, clay component testing accordingto Test Methods D5890 and D5891 is done on the bentonite without polymer modification.Acceptance testing on site is carried out on the finished GCL,so that clay component testing on site according to Test Me
37、thods D5890 and D5891 might be influenced by the added polymers.5.2 Supplied GCL rolls should be observed on site in order to identify any damage to the rolls or the wrapping. In case of anydamage Guide D5888 should be followed. Any damage should be noted and reported.5.3 Before storing or unrolling
38、 GCL rolls, or both, the individual roll identification should be verified and should be comparedwith the packing list. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.4 If sampling of GCL material is necessary, for example, for testing purposes, Guide D6072D6072/D6072M should befollowed.5.5 The recom
39、mended acceptance tests and test methods for GCL materials are given in Table 1. The tests are performed onthe finished GCL and should be compared with the accepted material specifications. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.6 GCL rolls not in compliance with the accepted material specifi
40、cations may be rejected.6. Report6.1 All activities on product acceptance should be recorded on a suitable data sheet. Recorded activities may take the form ofnotes, charts sketches, photographs, or a combination of these.6.1.1 Report the following information:D6495 1436.1.1.1 Manufacturers letter o
41、f certification and/oror MQC data, or both,MD = machine direction.MARV = minimum average roll value.TABLE 1 Types of Acceptance Tests and Methods for GCL MaterialsANOTE 1MD = machine direction.MARV = minimum average roll value.reinforced unreinforcedSinglecomponentMulti-component SinglecomponentMult
42、i-componentwithcoatingwith film ormembranewithcoatingwith film ormembraneTestDesignationTest Method Frequency of TestingA ReportValueBentonite ClayAClay mass per unitarea (dried)D5993 project specific project specific,typically MARVSwell index D5891 project specific project specific,typically minimu
43、mvalueFluid loss D5890 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueGeomembrane,membrane, film backingDensity ofgeomembrane,membrane,film backingBD792 (other res-ins)orD1505 (PE)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVThickness ofgeomembraneBD5199 (smo
44、oth),D5994 (textured)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVTensile strengthat breakand yield(MD and CD)C,B,DD882(film ormembrane),D6693(geomembrane)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVfinished GCL:Total mass per unitarea
45、D5993 project specific Project specific,typically MARVTensile Strength D6768 project specific Project specific,typically MARVBonding peelstrengthED6496 project specific n/a n/a n/a Project specific,typically MARVGCL indexfluxF resp.base bentonitefor GCLs withadditional membranebackingBD5887 project
46、specific project specific,typically minimumvalueTABLE 1 Types of Acceptance Tests and Methods for GCL MaterialsAreinforced unreinforcedSingleComponentMulti-component SinglecomponentMulti-componentwithcoatingwith film ormembranewithcoatingwith film ormembraneTestDesignation Test Method Frequency of T
47、estingA ReportValueBentonite ClayClay mass per unitarea (dried)D5993 project specific project specific,typically MARVSwell index D5891 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueFluid loss D5890 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueGeomembrane,membrane, film backingDe
48、nsity ofgeomembrane,membrane,film backingBD792 (otherresins) orD1505 (PE)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVThickness ofgeomembraneBD5199 (smooth),D5994 (textured)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVD6495 1446.1.1.2 D
49、escription or title of product acceptance activity, or both,6.1.1.3 Location, date and time of acceptance activity,6.1.1.4 Procedure used for acceptance activity,6.1.1.5 GCL roll and lot numbers, brand name and other GCL specific information,6.1.1.6 Results of acceptance activity,6.1.1.7 Company of involved personnel,6.1.1.8 Signature and printed name of acceptance inspector,6.1.1.9 Summarized test results of acceptance activities,6.1.1.10 Irregularities discovered during acceptance activities, and6.1.1.11 Roll number of rejected GCL rolls.
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