ASTM D6522-2011 red 9375 Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engin.pdf

1、Designation:D652200 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D6522 11Standard Test Method forDetermination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, andOxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers,and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers1This sta

2、ndard is issued under the fixed designation D6522; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an edito

3、rial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O2)concentrations in controlled and uncontrolled emissions from natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, combustion turbines, boi

4、lers,and process heaters using portable analyzers with electrochemical sensors. Due to the inherent cross sensitivities of theelectrochemical cells, this test method should not be applied to other pollutants or emission sources without a completeinvestigation of possible analytical interferences and

5、 a comparative evaluation with EPA test methods.1.1.1 The procedures and specifications of this method were originally developed during laboratory and field tests funded bythe Gas Research Institute (GRI).2Comparative emission tests were conducted only on natural gas-fired combustion sources.1.2The

6、values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3Comparative emission tests were conducted only on natural gas-fired combustion sources. Subsequently, the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored Environment

7、al Technology Verification (ETV) program conducted furtherevaluations of electrochemical cell analyzers, which included laboratory tests and field tests on natural gas and diesel-fueledgenerators. The EPA has reviewed the ETV test results, published additional information, and provided technical inp

8、ut that hasbeen considered in the update of this method.31.2 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information o

9、nly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referen

10、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres2.2 EPA Methods from 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A5Method 3A - Determination of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Emissions from Stationary Sources (InstrumentalAnalyzer Procedure)Method 7E - De

11、termination of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)Method 10 - Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary SourceMethod 20 - Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, and Diluent Emissions from Stationary Gas Turbines2.3 EPA Metho

12、ds from 40 CFR Part 63, Appendix A4A:Method 301- Field Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media51This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheresand Source

13、Emissions.Current edition approved Oct.Dec. 1, 2005.2011. Published January 2006.February 2012. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 asD6522 - 00(2005). DOI: 10.1520/D6522-00R05.10.1520/D6522-11.2Gas Research Institute Topical Report, “Development of an Electrochem

14、ical Cell Emission Analyzer Test Method,” GRI-96/0008, July 1997.3For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM websi

15、te.3“Evaluation of Portable Analyzers for Use in Quality Assuring Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems for NOx” EPA Contract No. 68-W-03-033, September 2004.4Available from Superintendent of Documents, U. G. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.4For referencedASTM standards, visit theA

16、STM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U. G. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.1Th

17、is document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editi

18、ons as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.4 EPA Methods from 40 CFR Part 75, Appendix H4H:

19、Revised Traceability Protocol No. 1: Protocol G1 and G2 Procedures63. Terminology3.1 For terminology relevant to this test method, see Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 measurement system, ntotal equipment required for the determination of gas concentration.

20、The measurement systemconsists of the following major subsystems:3.2.1.1 data recorder, na strip chart recorder, computer, or digital recorder for recording measurement data.3.2.1.2 electrochemical cell, nthat portion of the system that senses the gas to be measured and generates an outputproportion

21、al to its concentration, or any cell that uses diffusion-limited oxidation and reduction reactions to produce an electricalpotential between a sensing electrode and a counter electrode.3.2.1.3 external interference gas scrubber, ntubedevice filled with scrubbing agent used to remove interfering comp

22、oundsupstream of some electrochemical cells.3.2.1.4 sample interface, nthat portion of a system used for one or more of the following: sample acquisition, sampletransport, sample conditioning, or protection of the electrochemical cells from particulate matter and condensed moisture.3.2.2 interferenc

23、e check, nmethod of quantifying analytical interferences from components in the stack gas other than theanalyte.3.2.3 initial NO cell temperature, ntemperature of the NO cell that is recorded during the most recent pretest calibration errorcheck.3.2.3.1 DiscussionSince the NO cell can experience sig

24、nificant zero drift with temperature changes in some situations, thetemperature must be monitored if the analyzer does not display negative concentration results. Since the NO cell can experiencesignificant zero drift with temperature changes in some situations, the temperature must be monitored if

25、the analyzer does notdisplay negative concentration results. Nitric oxide cell temperature monitoring is not required if the analyzer can display negativeconcentrations. Drift due to temperature changes will be identified in the post calibration check for analyzers that showcan displaynegative conce

26、ntrations.3.2.4 linearity check, nmethod of demonstrating the ability of a gas analyzer to respond consistently over a range of gasconcentrations.3.2.4.1 DiscussionLinearity checks are not required for analyzers where the electrochemical sensor manufacturer haspublished data demonstrating linearity

27、through the sensor range.3.2.5 nominal range, nrange of concentrations over which each cell is operated (25 % to 125 % of spanupscale calibrationgas value).3.2.5.1 DiscussionSeveral nominal ranges may be used for any given cell as long as the linearity and stability check resultsremain within specif

28、ication.3.2.6 response time, namount of time required for the measurement system to display 95 % of a step change in gasconcentration on the data recorder.3.2.7 span gasupscale calibration gas, nknown concentration of a gas in an appropriate diluent gas.3.2.8 span calibration errorupscale calibratio

29、n error, ndifference between the gas concentration exhibited by the gas analyzerand the known concentration of the spanupscale calibration gas.3.2.9 stability check, nmethod of demonstrating that an electrochemical cell operated over a given nominal range providesa stable response and is not signifi

30、cantly affected by prolonged exposure to the analyte.3.2.10 stability time, nelapsed time from the start of the gas injection to the start of the 15-min or 30-min stability checkperiod, as determined during the stability check.3.2.11 zero calibration error, ngas concentration exhibited by the gas an

31、alyzer in response to zero-level calibration gas.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Agas sample is continuously extracted from a stackduct and conveyed to a portable analyzer for determination of NO, NO2,CO, and O2gas concentrations using electrochemical cells. Analyzer design specifications, performance

32、specifications, and testprocedures are provided to ensure reliable data.4.2 Additions to or modifications of some vendor-supplied analyzers (for example, heated sample line, flow meters, and soforth) may be requirednecessary to meet the design specifications of this test method.5. Significance and U

33、se5.1 The results of this test method may be used to determine nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emission concentrations fromnatural gas combustion at stationary sources.6EPA-600/R-97/121, EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards, September 1997, as am

34、ended August 25, 1999. Availablefrom: http:/www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/news.html.D6522 1125.2 This test method may also be used to monitor emissions during short-term emission tests or periodically in order to optimizeprocess operation for nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide control.6. Interferences6.1 NO

35、and NO2can interfere with CO concentration measurements, and NO2can interfere with NO concentrationmeasurements. The interference effects for the CO and NO emission measurements are quantified in 9.2 and shall not exceed 5 %of the measurement.7. Apparatus7.1 The minimum detectable limit depends on t

36、he nominal range of the electrochemical cell, calibration drift, andsignal-to-noise ratio of the measurement system. For a well designed system, the minimum detectable limit should be less than2 % of the nominal range.7.2 Any measurement system that meets the performance and design specifications in

37、 Sections 9 and 10.4.11 of this test methodmay be used. The sampling system shall maintain the gas sample at a temperature above the dew point up to the moisture removalsystem. The sample conditioning system shall be designed so that there are no entrained water droplets in the gas sample whenit con

38、tacts the electrochemical cells. A schematic of an acceptable measurement system is shown in Fig. 1. The essentialcomponents of the measurement system are described below:7.3 Sample Probe, glass, stainless steel, or other nonreactive material, of sufficient length to traverse the sample points, and,

39、 ifnecessary, heated to prevent condensation.7.4 Heated Sample Line, heated (sufficient to prevent condensation), nonreactive tubing, to transport the sample gas to themoisture removal system.7.5 Sample Transport Lines, nonreactive tubing to transport the sample from the moisture removal system to t

40、he sample pump,sample flow rate control, and electrochemical cells.7.6 Calibration Assembly, a tee-fitting to attach to the probe tip for introducing calibration gases at ambient pressure during thecalibration error checks. The vented end of the tee should have a flow indicator to ensure sufficient

41、calibration gas flow.Any othermethod that introduces calibration gases at the probe at atmospheric pressure may be used.7.7 Moisture Removal System, a chilled condenser or similar device (for example, permeation dryer), to remove condensatecontinuously from the sample gas while maintaining minimal c

42、ontact between the condensate and the sample gas.7.8 Particulate FiltersFilters at the probe or the inlet or outlet of the moisture removal system and inlet of the analyzer maybe used to prevent accumulation of particulate material in the measurement system and extend the useful life of the componen

43、ts.All filters shall be fabricated of materials that are nonreactive to the gas being sampled.7.9 Sample Pump, a leak-free pump, to pull the sample gas through the system at a flow rate sufficient to minimize the responsetime of the measurement system. The pump must be constructed of any material th

44、at is nonreactive to the gas being sampled.7.10 Sample Flow Rate Control, a sample flow rate control valve and rotameter, or equivalent, to maintain a constant samplingrate within 10 % during sampling and calibration error checks.The components shall be fabricated of materials that are nonreactiveto

45、 the gas being sampled.FIG. 1 Calibration System SchematicD6522 1137.11 Gas Analyzer, a device containing electrochemical cells to determine the NO, NO2, CO, and O2concentrations in thesample gas stream and, if necessary, to correct for interference effects. The analyzer shall meet the applicable pe

46、rformancespecifications of Section 9.Ameans of controlling the analyzer flow rate and a device for determining proper sample flow rate (forexample, precision rotameter, pressure gage downstream of all flow controls, and so forth) shall be provided at the analyzer. .7.11.1 A means of controlling the

47、analyzer flow rate and a device for determining proper sample flow rate shall be providedat the analyzer. For example, a needle valve and precision rotameter, or pressure gauge downstream of all flow controls, orequivalent can be used.7.11.2 The electrochemical cell analyzer should have a minimum up

48、scale calibration level appropriate to the stack gasconcentration being measured. For example, if the stack gas NOxconcentration is less than 10 ppm, the analyzer should have thecapability to analyze a 10-ppm (or less) upscale calibration gas for the NO and NO2cells.NOTE1Housing the analyzer in a cl

49、ean, thermally-stable, vibration-free environment will minimize drift in the analyzer calibration, but this is not arequirement of the test method.7.12 1Housing the analyzer in a clean, thermally-stable, vibration-free environment will minimize drift in the analyzercalibration.NOTE 2If the NOxanalyzer resolution is 0.1 ppm, it will be more likely to pass the performance specifications when testing at sources with low stackgas concentrations.NOTE 3It is recommended that analyzer manufacturers maintenance procedures be followed.7.12 Data Recorder, a stri