1、Designation: D6524/D6524M 16Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Resiliency of Turf Reinforcement Mats(TRMs)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6524/D6524M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the resiliency or recovery of turfreinforcement mats (TRMs) after they have been subjecte
3、d tothree cycles of loading at 689 kPa 100 psi for 1 min/per cycle.1.2 This test method does not provide resiliency values forTRMs under variable normal compressive stresses. This testmethod determines nominal resiliency.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded
4、separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
5、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD
6、4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 pressure, nthe force or load per unit area.3.1.2 thickness(1) the distance between one planar surfaceand its opposite parallel and p
7、lanar surface; (2) for TRMs, thedistance between the upper and lower surfaces of the material,measured under a specified pressure and time.3.1.3 turf reinforcement mat (TRM), na long-term nonde-gradable rolled erosion control product composed of UVstabilized, nondegradable, synthetic fibers, netting
8、s, orfilaments, or combination thereof, processed into three-dimensional reinforcement matrices.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles andgeomembranes used in this test method, refer to
9、TerminologyD4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The nominal resiliency of TRMs is determined byobserving the thickness of the TRM before and after it issubjected to three cycles of loading at 689 kPa 100 psi for1 min cycle.5. Significance and Use5.1 Resiliency may be used to control the quality of man
10、yTRMs. Resiliency may be indicative of a TRMs ability toretain original configuration after exposure to the stresseswhich may be exerted during manufacture, shipping, andinstallation. Resiliency is not generally indicative of fieldperformance.5.2 The resiliency of TRMs may vary considerably depend-i
11、ng on the pressure applied to the specimen during loadingcycles. To minimize variation, specific sample size and appliedpressure are indicated in this test method to ensure all resultsare comparable.5.3 To determine the effect of different pressure loadings onthe final thickness of TRMs, use this te
12、st method.5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of TRMs, but caution is advised sinceinformation on between-laboratory precision is incomplete.Comparative tests, in accordance with 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In a case of a dispute arising from differences i
13、nreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibilit
14、y of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-thetic Erosion Control.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6524 00(2011). DOI:10.1520/D6524_D6524M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org
15、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1a statistical b
16、ias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that areformed from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens s
17、hould be randomly assigned in equal numbers toeach laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired date and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo begun. If bias is found, either its cause must corrected, orthe purch
18、aser and be found and interpret future tests in suppliermust agree to the light of the known bias.NOTE 1The user should be aware that the compressibility of thematerials, their rebound characteristics, and the like will also be affectedby the thickness of the TRMs following the time when they are ro
19、lled upon rolls shipped and stored.6. Apparatus6.1 Thickness Testing InstrumentThe thickness gaugeshall have a base (or anvil) and a free-moving presser foot platewhose planar faces are parallel to each other to 0.1 mm. Agauge with a 150-mm 6-in. diameter presser foot, the baseshall extend at least
20、10 mm in all directions further than theedge of the approximately 17 500-mm2circular presser foot,shall be used for measurements of TRMs. The instrumentsmust be capable of measuring a maximum thickness of at least25 mm 1 in. to an accuracy of +0.2 mm. The gauges shall beconstructed to permit gradual
21、 application of pressure to aspecific force of 0.2 + 0.02 kPa 0.029 + 0.003 psi for TRMs.Dead weight loading may be used.NOTE 2Due to compressibility of many TRMs, the cutting andhandling preparation may change the thickness. Care should be exercisedto minimize these effects.7. Sampling7.1 Lot Sampl
22、eIn the absence of other guidelines, dividethe product into lots and take lot samples in accordance withPractice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleConsider the units in the lotsample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratorysample, take a full-width sample of sufficient length along theselv
23、age or edge of the roll so that the requirements of 7.3 7.5.2 can be met. Exclude the inner and outer wraps of the rollor any material containing folds, crushed areas, or otherdistortions not representative of the sampled lot.7.3 Remove test specimens from the laboratory sample in arandomly distribu
24、ted pattern across the width with no specimentaken nearer than 100 mm 4 in. from the selvage or roll edge,unless otherwise specified.7.4 Test SpecimensCut ten 102 by 102-mm 4 by 4 in.test specimens from the sample. Handle specimens in a mannerto avoid the loss of loose filler and weaving components.
25、7.5 Number of SpecimensUnless otherwise agreed upon,as when provided in an applicable material specification, takea number of test specimens per laboratory sample such that theuser may expect at the 95 % probability level that the test resultis not more than 6.0 % of the average above or below the t
26、rueaverage of the sample. Determine the number of specimens persample as follows:7.5.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is a reliableestimate of v based upon extensive part records for similarmaterials tested in the users laboratory as directed in this testmethod, calculate the required number of sp
27、ecimens for themachine and cross-machine directions as follows:n 5 tV/A!2(1)where:n = number of test specimens (rounded upward to a wholenumber),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of indi-vidual observations on similar materials in the userslaboratory under conditions of single-op
28、erationprecision, %,t = value of Students t for one-sided limits (see Table 1), a95 % probability level, and the degrees of freedomassociated with the estimate of v, andA = 5.0 % of the average, the value of the allowablevariation.7.5.2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliableestimate of v
29、 for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectly. Instead, specify the fixed number (10) of specimens.The number of specimens is calculated using v = 9.5 % of theaverage. These values for v are somewhat larger than usuallyfound in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the userslabora
30、tory becomes available, Eq 1 will usually require fewerthan the fixed number of specimens.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the specimens to the moisture and temperatureequilibrium in the atmosphere for testing TRMs, that is atemperature of 216 2C 70 6 4F and a relative humidity of60 6 10 %.9. Procedure9.1 T
31、est the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere specified in 8.19.2 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering thenatural state of the material.9.3 With force applied to the presser foot on the base (notest specimen present), zero the measuring scale or record thebase reading. L
32、ift the presser foot, center the test specimen onTABLE 1 Values of Students t for One-Sided Limits and the 95 %Probabilitydf One-Sided df One-Sided df One-Sided1 6.314 11 1.796 22 1.7172 2.920 12 1.782 24 1.7113 2.353 13 1.771 26 1.7064 2.132 14 1.761 28 1.7015 2.015 15 1.753 30 1.6976 1.943 16 1.74
33、6 40 1.6847 1.895 17 1.740 50 1.6768 1.860 18 1.734 60 1.6719 1.833 19 1.729 120 1.65810 1.812 20 1.725 1.645D6524/D6524M 162the base under the presser foot, and bring the presser foot intocontact with the material. After the full force has been appliedto the presser foot for 5 s against the specime
34、n, record thethickness value, Ti, to the nearest 0.002 mm and remove thespecimen from the test device.9.4 Place the specimen under a constant normal compres-sive load of 689 kPa 100 psi, assuming that the load isapplied evenly over the entire surface area of the test specimen.NOTE 3Hydraulic presses
35、 have been found to be successful for loadapplication.9.4.1 Apply three loading cycles that consist of 1 min underload and 1 min unloaded.9.4.2 After the three loading cycles, allow the specimen torecover for 30 min.9.5 Measure the final thickness, Tf (mm), in accordancewith 9.3.9.6 Repeat the test
36、method for each of the remainingspecimens.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the percent thickness recovery, resiliency, foreach specimen:Resiliency 5 Tf/Ti! 3100 (2)10.2 Calculate the average resiliency for all specimens.11. Report11.1 Report the following information for nominal resil-iency:11.1.1 Proj
37、ect, type of TRM tested, and method ofsampling,11.1.2 Name or description of thickness and pressure load-ing apparatus used for testing,11.1.3 Dimensions of the presser foot and of the specimen,11.1.4 Loading time interval,11.1.5 Number of tests,11.1.6 Average nominal resiliency,11.1.7 Coefficient o
38、f variation of thickness in the sample, inpercent (optional), and11.1.8 Any unusual or out-of-standard conditions or obser-vations made during the tests.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is beingevaluated.12.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valueof t
39、hat property can only be defined in terms of this testmethod.13. Keywords13.1 recovery; resiliency; thickness; turf reinforcement mat,TRMASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this sta
40、ndard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years an
41、dif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,
42、which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
43、9,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
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