1、Designation: D 6524 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Resiliency of Turf Reinforcement Mats(TRMs)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the resiliency or recovery of turfreinforcement mats (TRMs) after they have been s
3、ubjected tothree cycles of loading at 689 kPa (100 psi) for 1 min/per cycle.1.2 This test method does not provide resiliency values forTRMs under variable normal compressive stresses. This testmethod determines nominal resiliency.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. T
4、he values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
5、 of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for TestingD 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 pressure, nthe force or load per unit area.3.1.2 t
6、hickness(1) the distance between one planar sur-face and its opposite parallel and planar surface; (2) for TRMs,the distance between the upper and lower surfaces of thematerial, measured under a specified pressure and time.3.1.3 turf reinforcement mat (TRM), na long-term nonde-gradable rolled erosio
7、n control product composed of UVstabilized, nondegradable, synthetic fibers, nettings, or fila-ments, or combination thereof, processed into three-dimensional reinforcement matrices.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.3.3 For definitions of
8、other terms relating to geotextiles andgeomembranes used in this test method, refer to TerminologyD 4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The nominal resiliency of TRMs is determined byobserving the thickness of the TRM before and after it issubjected to three cycles of loading at 689 kPa (100 psi) for
9、1min/cycle.5. Significance and Use5.1 Resiliency may be used to control the quality of manyTRMs. Resiliency may be indicative of a TRMs ability toretain original configuration after exposure to the stresseswhich may be exerted during manufacture, shipping, andinstallation. Resiliency is not generall
10、y indicative of fieldperformance.5.2 The resiliency of TRMs may vary considerably depend-ing on the pressure applied to the specimen during loadingcycles. To minimize variation, specific sample size and appliedpressure are indicated in this test method to ensure all resultsare comparable.5.3 To dete
11、rmine the effect of different pressure loadings onthe final thickness of TRMs, use this test method.5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of TRMs, but caution is advised sinceinformation on between-laboratory precision is incomplete.Comparative tests, in acco
12、rdance with 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In a case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias betw
13、een their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that areformed from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should be
14、 randomly assigned in equal numbers to1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-thetic Erosion Control.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Las
15、t previous edition approved in 2000 as D 6524 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright A
16、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired date and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo begun. If bi
17、as is found, either its cause must corrected, orthe purchaser and be found and interpret future tests in suppliermust agree to the light of the known bias.NOTE 1The user should be aware that the compressibility of thematerials, their rebound characteristics, and the like will also be affectedby the
18、thickness of the TRMs following the time when they are rolled upon rolls shipped and stored.6. Apparatus6.1 Thickness Testing InstrumentThe thickness gaugeshall have a base (or anvil) and a free-moving presser foot platewhose planar faces are parallel to each other to 0.1 mm. Agauge with a 150-mm (6
19、-in.) diameter presser foot, the baseshall extend at least 10 mm in all directions further than theedge of the approximately 17 500-mm2circular presser foot,shall be used for measurements of TRMs. The instrumentsmust be capable of measuring a maximum thickness of at least25 mm (1 in.) to an accuracy
20、 of +0.2 mm. The gauges shall beconstructed to permit gradual application of pressure to aspecific force of 0.2 + 0.02 kPa (0.029 + 0.003 psi) for TRMs.Dead weight loading may be used.NOTE 2Due to compressibility of many TRMs, the cutting andhandling preparation may change the thickness. Care should
21、 be exercisedto minimize these effects.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleIn the absence of other guidelines, dividethe product into lots and take lot samples in accordance withPractice D 4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleConsider the units in the lotsample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratorysam
22、ple, take a full-width sample of sufficient length along theselvage or edge of the roll so that the requirements of 7.3-7.5.2can be met. Exclude the inner and outer wraps of the roll or anymaterial containing folds, crushed areas, or other distortionsnot representative of the sampled lot.7.3 Remove
23、test specimens from the laboratory sample in arandomly distributed pattern across the width with no specimentaken nearer than 100 mm (4 in.) from the selvage or roll edge,unless otherwise specified.7.4 Test SpecimensCut ten 102 by 102-mm (4 by 4 in.)test specimens from the sample. Handle specimens i
24、n a mannerto avoid the loss of loose filler and weaving components.7.5 Number of SpecimensUnless otherwise agreed upon,as when provided in an applicable material specification, takea number of test specimens per laboratory sample such that theuser may expect at the 95 % probability level that the te
25、st resultis not more than 6.0 % of the average above or below the trueaverage of the sample. Determine the number of specimens persample as follows:7.5.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is a reliableestimate of v based upon extensive part records for similarmaterials tested in the users laboratory
26、as directed in this testmethod, calculate the required number of specimens for themachine and cross-machine directions as follows:n 5 tV/A!2(1)where:n = number of test specimens (rounded upward to a wholenumber),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation ofindividual observations on simil
27、ar materials in theusers laboratory under conditions of single-operationprecision, %,t = value of Students t for one-sided limits (see Table 1),a 95 % probability level, and the degrees of freedomassociated with the estimate of v, andA = 5.0 % of the average, the value of the allowablevariation.7.5.
28、2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliableestimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectly. Instead, specify the fixed number (10) of specimens.The number of specimens is calculated using v = 9.5 % of theaverage. These values for v are somewhat larger than usuallyfou
29、nd in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the userslaboratory becomes available, Eq 1 will usually require fewerthan the fixed number of specimens.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the specimens to the moisture and temperatureequilibrium in the atmosphere for testing TRMs, that is atemperature of 216
30、 2C (70 6 4F) and a relative humidity of60 6 10 %.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere specified in 8.19.2 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering thenatural state of the material.9.3 With force applied to the presser foot on the base (notest speci
31、men present), zero the measuring scale or record thebase reading. Lift the presser foot, center the test specimen onthe base under the presser foot, and bring the presser foot intocontact with the material. After the full force has been appliedto the presser foot for 5 s against the specimen, record
32、 thethickness value to the nearest 0.002 mm and remove thespecimen from the test device.9.4 Place the specimen under a constant normal compres-sive load of 689 kPa (100 psi), assuming that the load isapplied evenly over the entire surface area of the test specimen.NOTE 3Hydraulic presses have been f
33、ound to be successful for loadapplication.TABLE 1 Values of Students t for Two-Sided Limits and the95 % Probability Adf t 0.025 df t 0.025 df t 0.0251 12.706 11 2.201 21 2.0802 4.303 12 2.179 22 2.0743 3.182 13 2.160 23 2.0694 2.776 14 2.145 24 2.0645 2.571 15 2.131 25 2.0606 2.447 16 2.120 26 2.056
34、7 2.365 17 2.110 27 2.0528 2.306 18 2.101 28 2.0489 2.262 19 2.093 29 2.04510 2.228 20 2.086 inf. 1.960D 6524 00 (2006)29.4.1 Apply three loading cycles that consist of 1 min underload and 1 min unloaded.9.4.2 After the three loading cycles, allow the specimen torecover for 30 min.9.5 Measure the fi
35、nal thickness, Tf (mm), in accordancewith 9.3.9.6 Repeat the test method for each of the remainingspecimens.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the percent thickness recovery, resiliency, foreach specimen:Resiliency 5 Tf/ Ti! 3 100 (2)10.2 Calculate the average resiliency for all specimens.11. Report11.1
36、Report the following information for nominal resil-iency:11.1.1 Project, type of TRM tested, and method of sam-pling,11.1.2 Name or description of thickness and pressure load-ing apparatus used for testing,11.1.3 Dimensions of the presser foot and of the specimen,11.1.4 Loading time interval,11.1.5
37、Number of tests,11.1.6 Average nominal resiliency,11.1.7 Coefficient of variation of thickness in the sample, inpercent (optional), and11.1.8 Any unusual or out-of-standard conditions or obser-vations made during the tests.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is bein
38、gevaluated.12.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valueof that property can only be defined in terms of this testmethod.13. Keywords13.1 recovery; resiliency; thickness; turf reinforcement mat,TRMASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
39、 connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the re
40、sponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive care
41、ful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internationa
42、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6524 00 (2006)3
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