1、Designation: D6557 10Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of AutomotiveEngine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT) proce-dure for evaluating the anti-rust ability of fluid lubricants
3、. Theprocedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automo-tive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service condi-tions.1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2to update this testmethod. Copies of these letters can be obtained by wri
4、ting thecenter.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct equivalent, suchas the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters,and tubing size.1.4 This standard does n
5、ot purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3 and8.2.1.1.2. Referenc
6、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4D6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition
7、Engine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respectto a standard.3.1.2 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reac-tion between a material, usually a metal surface, and itsenvironment that can
8、 produce a deterioration of the materialand its properties. D41753.1.3 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.4 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D4
9、1753.1.4.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils.3.1.5 rust coatings, nthe reddish material, primarily hy-drated iron oxide, formed on iron or its alloys, result
10、ing fromexposure to humid or chemical attack. D69843.1.6 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 average gray value (AGV), nmeasurement ofbrightness units on test specimens, indicating the degree of rustprotection
11、.3.2.2 specimen, na carbon steel ball, 5.6 mm (AISI 1040).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published Jun
12、e 2010. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D655709. DOI:10.1520/D6557-10.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the
13、ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. This test method is supplemented by InformationLetters and Memoranda issued by the ASTM TMC. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all Information Letters through No. 0701.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
14、www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM Intern
15、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Multiple test tubes, each containing test oil and aspecimen, are placed in a test tube rack, which is attached to amechanical shaker. The shaker speed and temperature arecontroll
16、ed.4.2 Air and an acidic solution are continuously fed into eachtest tube over an 18 h period to create a corrosive environment.4.3 The specimens are then removed, rinsed, and analyzedby an optical imaging system designed to quantify the antirustcapability of each test oil.5. Significance and Use5.1
17、 This bench test method was designed as a replacementfor Test Method D5844. Test Method D5844 was designed tomeasure the ability of an engine oil to protect valve traincomponents against rusting or corrosion under low tempera-ture, short-trip service, and was correlated with vehicles in thattype of
18、service prior to 1978.55.1.1 Correlation between these two test methods has beendemonstrated for most, but not all, of the test oils evaluated.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen Preparation SystemObtain the specimensfrom the Central Parts Distributor (CPD).6,76.1.1 Specimen preparation equipment includes vari
19、ouscommon laboratory apparatus and an ultrasonic cleaning bath.6.2 Air Supply SystemA compressed air supply is re-quired, with two air filters, two pressure regulators, a gaspurifier, a gassing manifold (25 port outlet), TFE-fluorocarbontubing (25 lengths, each 183 m) or equivalent multiport flowcon
20、trol system, and a calibrated flowmeter (see Annex A1 andFigs. 1 and 2).6.3 Acid Solution Delivery SystemAn acid solution deliv-ery system that includes a multiple syringe pump with a tenposition rack is required. The flow rate range minimum, usinga 0.5 L syringe, is 0.0001 L/h. The flow rate maximu
21、m,using a 140 mL syringe, is 220.82 mL/min (see Figs. 3 and 4).6.4 Test Tube AssemblyThe test tube assembly consists of24 disposable plastic syringes and other common laboratoryapparatus.6.5 Temperature and Shaking Speed Control SystemAmechanical shaker, Bench-Top Environ Shaker Model 4628,7,8provid
22、es an orbital shaking motion in a controlled speed andtemperature environment.6.5.1 Aspecial test tube assembly rack7,9(see Figs. 5 and 6)has 24 tube positions and is attached to the shaker platform(457 by 457) mm.6.6 Air Delivery Manifold, required.6.7 Venting SystemCommon laboratory apparatus is e
23、m-ployed for the required venting system (see Fig. 7).6.8 Image Analysis SystemA specific imaging analysissystem7,10is required. This system is composed of:6.8.1 Optics and Illumination:5Special Technical Publication, “Multicylinder Test Sequences for EvaluatingAutomotive Engine Oils,” Part, Sequenc
24、e IIID ASTM STP 315H, Available fromASTM Headquarters.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Central Parts Distributor, Test Engineering Inc., 12718 Cimmaron Path, SanAntonio, TX 78249.7If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informat
25、ion toASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Labine, Inc., 15thand Bloomingdale, Melrose Park, IL 60160.9The sole sou
26、rce of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis West End Machine and Weld, Inc., P.O. Box 9444, Richmond, VA 23228.10The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Meyer Instruments, Inc., 1304 Langham Creek, Suite 235, Houston, TX 77084.FIG. 1
27、Photograph of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 2 Schematic of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 3 Photograph of Acid Delivery SystemD6557 1026.8.1.1 Nikon Epiphot 200 inverted metallurgical micro-scope,6.8.1.2 BZ binocular head,6.8.1.3 RV 3 plate mechanical stage,6.8.1.4 CFWN 103 wide field eyepiece, high point eye-pi
28、ece,6.8.1.5 Manual BD 5 place nosepiece,6.8.1.6 Epiphot 300 EB block,6.8.1.7 DF module,6.8.1.8 CF BD plan 53/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.9 CF BD plan 103/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.10 EPI polarizer,6.8.1.11 Analyzer,6.8.1.12 Lamphouse for 12 V/100 W quartz halogen lightsource,6.8.1.13
29、 Lamphouse adapter,6.8.1.14 12 V/100 W halogen bulbs,6.8.1.15 300/200 100 W power supply,6.8.1.16 Remote control cable,6.8.1.17 C-mount coupler for video camera,6.8.1.18 NCB 11 filter,6.8.1.19 Power cords, and6.8.1.20 Ultracentrifuge tube spacer witha5mmholedrilled in the center (used as a sample ho
30、lder and samplerandomizer for sample orientation).6.8.2 Image Capture Hardware and Software:6.8.2.1 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 camera system,6.8.2.2 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 frame grabber,6.8.2.3 The host computer system (shall meet or exceed thefollowin
31、g specifications):(1) HardwarePentium 133 MHz CPU, 16 MB RAM, 540MB hard drive, 1.44 MB 90 mm floppy, 1.44 MB 130 mmfloppy (optional), CD-ROM (highly recommended option),101 or Windows 95 keyboard, SVGAlocal bus video card with2 MB RAM (4 MB recommended), 2 button serial mouse withpad, 2 parallel po
32、rts, and 2 serial ports.(2) SoftwareWindows 3.x/DOS 6.22 or Windows 95Operating System, Microsoft Excel 7.0 (Microsoft Office 97recommended).(3) MonitorMedical grade high-resolution 485 mmNTSC RGB color video monitor, all necessary cables, connec-tors, and adapters (including a surge and spike suppr
33、essingpower strip).6.8.3 BRT Image Analysis Software:FIG. 4 Schematic of Acid Delivery SystemFIG. 5 Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 6 Photograph of Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 7 Gassing Manifold for VentingD6557 1036.8.3.1 BRT macro program, and6.8.3.2 Optimate image analysis engine.7. Reagents and Mate
34、rials7.1 Reagents:7.1.1 Acid Solution (WarningCorrosive. Combustible.Health hazard)Obtain the acid solution from the CPD.NOTE 1For information only. Appendix X1 contains details of theacid solution.7.1.2 Acetone, 99.5 %. (WarningFlammable. Health haz-ard.)7.1.3 n-Heptane, (38 to 42) % (purity), comm
35、ercial grade,with C7isomers. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.2 Materials:7.2.1 TFE-fluorocarbon FEP Tubing, inside diameter (I.D.)0.8 mm, outside diameter (O.D.) 1.6 mm, 17 rolls, each roll305 m. (Not required if the optional NRS flow controller7,11isused.)7.2.2 Vinyl Tubing, about 4.6 m in leng
36、th with an (I.D.) 3.2mm and an (O.D.) 6.4 mm.7.2.3 Miscellaneous Common Laboratory Equipment, in-cluding glassware, tubing fittings, trays, vials, and plasticsyringes.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Specimens:8.1.1 Remove the appropriate number of specimens fromvacuum-sealed packages into a 118 mL bo
37、ttle (clear, medium-round with cap). Add sufficient heptane (see 7.1.3), approxi-mately 59 mL, to cover specimens.8.1.2 Cap the bottle loosely and place it in an ultrasoniccleaning bath. Sonicate for 30 min, and then decant theheptane.8.1.3 Rinse two more times with heptane and follow with anacetone
38、 (see 7.1.2) rinse to ensure the specimens are free ofcontamination. Dry the specimens with nitrogen for (30 to60) s.NOTE 2The specimens can be prepared up to one week in advanceand stored in heptane until needed for testing.8.2 Test Tube Assembly, Tube Rack, and Shaker for EachTest Tube:8.2.1 Cut 2
39、4 separate pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon FEPtubing, each piece to be 240 mm long.8.2.1.1 Use compressed air (for technical use only), 345 kPaminimum, to remove most of the water/oil emulsion that maybe trapped inside the short lengths of capillary tubing. Cleanthe tubing with heptane (see 7.1.3), follo
40、wed by acetone (see7.1.2), and dry with compressed air.8.2.2 Check the flangeless fitting for the TFE-fluorocarbontubing (O.D. 1.6 mm) for deterioration, and replace as neces-sary.8.2.3 Remove and discard the plunger from a new 20 mLdisposable plastic syringe (Luer-Lok), and securely fasten thesyrin
41、ge barrel to the short capillary tubing, using couplings,14-28 thread, and female Luer CTFE fittings,14-28 thread, andwith a 1.5 mm bore.8.2.3.1 Label the syringes (test tubes) from 1 to 24.8.2.4 Place the assembled test tube in the tube rack with thecapillary tubing facing upward in the adjacent sm
42、all hole.8.2.4.1 The test tube assembly rack is a specially designedaluminum fabrication. It holds 24 test tubes with easy snap-onlock, wing nuts, and hold-down bars (see Fig. 5).8.2.5 Place one precleaned specimen into each test tube,using forceps that are 180 mm long, and have serrated tips toavoi
43、d contamination.8.2.6 Insert 10 mL of test oil into each test tube, using adisposable syringe with a capacity of 10 mL.8.2.7 Secure the test tubes to the tube holder with threehold-down bars and three wing nuts.8.2.8 Fasten the test tube assembly rack to the shakerplatform with four custom-made wing
44、 bolts.8.3 Acid Delivery System:8.3.1 Withdraw 6 mL of acid solution by hand from awide-mouth beaker into an individual disposable plastic sy-ringe (Luer-Lok) with a capacity of 5 mL.8.3.1.1 Attach the syringe to an acid inlet port of one of the24 three-way switching valves, with14-28 thread. (The o
45、thertwo ports are used for air inlet and mixed air/acid outlet.)8.3.2 Turn the three-way valve to two-way open and eject,by hand, about 0.5 mL of acid solution into a waste beaker,while ensuring that no air bubbles remain in the syringe.8.3.2.1 Place the syringe that now contains about 5.5 mL ofacid
46、 solution on the holder of the multiple syringes pump.8.3.3 Repeat the above procedure for the other 23 aciddelivery syringes.8.3.4 There are three multiple syringe pumps, and eight ofthe 5 mL syringes are attached to each of the pumps.8.3.4.1 The pumps each have a ten-position rack and arerequired
47、to satisfy a minimum flow rate range of 0.0001 L/hto 220.82 mL/min. Required accuracy is 61 %, and reproduc-ibility is 6 0.1 %.8.3.5 Ensure that the syringe barrel flange and the plungerflange are firmly held by the six retaining clamps, which are51 mm C-clamps that secure the ends of the hold-down
48、bars ofthe multiple syringes pump.8.3.5.1 Good alignment of all 24 acid delivery syringesagainst the retaining brackets is crucial to ensure repeatability.(See Fig. 3 for a photograph of the acid delivery system, andFig. 4 for a schematic.)8.3.6 Cut 24 pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon tubing; each pieceto
49、 be 1295 6 25.4 mm in length.8.3.6.1 Attach each of these tubes to the mixed air/acidoutlet ports of the three-way switching valves.8.4 Air Delivery System:8.4.1 Clean, dry air, compressed to at least 345 kPa, isrequired.8.4.2 A single stage, high-purity stainless steel pressureregulator is the first in the line; this is equipped with a (0 to1100) kPa maximum pressure gauge.8.4.3 Two compressed air filters capable of removing par-ticles and mists are required, and are next in the line.11Brooks Model 8744 NRS Flow Controller has been determined to be
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