1、Designation: D6567 14D6567 17Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Light Penetration of a Turf ReinforcementMat (TRM)Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring the amount of incandescent light that pen
3、etrates through aTurf Reinforcement Mat.rollederosion control product.1.2 This test method does not provide light penetration values for TRMRECPs under variable normal sun and soil conditions.This test method determines nominal light penetration.1.3 This test method is not to be used to determine a
4、percent ground cover value for RECPs, as the amount of light penetrationmay include light passing through translucent material or reflecting off surfaces.1.4 The values stated as a percentage are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in foot-candles are for informationonly.1.5 This sta
5、ndard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 This international standa
6、rd was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refere
7、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precisi
8、on and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 light penetration, nthe percentagepercent of incandescent light that is measurable through a geosynthetic material froma static light s
9、ource.light incident on the front surface of a material that is emitted from the back surface of the material.3.1.2 turf reinforcement mat (TRM),na long term non-degradable rolled erosion control product composed of a UV stabilized,non-degradable, synthetic fibers, nettings or filaments, or all of t
10、hese, processed into three dimensional reinforcement matrices.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles and geomembranes used in this test method, refer to TerminologyD4439.1 This test met
11、hod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosynthetic ErosionControl.Current edition approved May 1, 2014July 1, 2017. Published June 2014July 2017. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2
12、014 asD6567 00D6567 14.(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D6567-14.10.1520/D6567-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM
13、 website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult
14、prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 The nomina
15、l light penetration of TRMsRECPs is determined by observing the foot-candles on the light meter through adetermined open area versus the amount of foot-candles on the light meter once the TRM is placed over the determined openarea.the meter reading in foot candles with and without placement of the s
16、pecimen in a determined location between the lightsource and the meter.5. Significance and Use5.1 Light penetration may be used to control the quality of many TRMs.RECPs. Light penetration is not indicative of fieldperformance and therefore is not recommended for specifications.has not been proven t
17、o relate to field performance for allmaterials.5.2 The light penetration of TRMsRECPs may vary considerably depending on the composite materials used in the matrix ofthe mat or due to inconsistency within a given mat. To minimize variation, specific sample size and procedures are indicated inthis te
18、st method to help ensure comparable results.5.3 This test method may be used to determine the effect of different composite materials and make-up of TRMs.makeup ofRECPs on the penetration of light.5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of TRMs, but caution is
19、 advised sinceinformation on between laboratory precision is incomplete. RECPs. Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments, the purchase
20、r and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical biasbetween their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the twoparties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as poss
21、ible and that are formed from a lot of material ofthe type in question. The test specimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The averageresults from the two laboratories should be compared using StudentsStudents t-testt-test for unpaired date and an accepta
22、bleprobability level chosen by the two begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be corrected, or the purchaser and supplier mustagree to the light of the upon the known bias.NOTE 1The light penetration has no definitive relationship to the amount of ground cover provided by a RECP, as the amou
23、nt of light penetrationmay include light passing through translucent elements or light deflecting off of elements of the RECP structure. Thus, this test method is not intendedto be used to determine a percent ground cover value for RECPs.NOTE 2The user should be aware that the makeup and possible mo
24、vement of the composite materials, and the like, may affect the TRMsRECPsfollowing the time when they are rolled up on rolls shippedrolls, shipped, and stored.6. Apparatus6.1 Light Penetration BoxSee Fig. 1 (length view), and see Fig. 2 (width view).FIG. 1 Light Penetration BoxD6567 172NOTE 3The lig
25、ht penetration box shown in Fig. 1 is built from 34 in. -in. wood.6.2 Adjustable Rod with Light BulbSee Fig. 3.6.3 Light MeterThe light meter must measure in foot-candles and be capable of measuring determined open area foot-candlereading as well as determined area with dense TRMRECP material in pla
26、ce. A meter with a digital readout such as ExtechInstruments Model 407026 Heavy Duty Light Meter is recommended.36.4 Cutting DiesThe cutting dies must be capable of cutting specimen dimensions at least 200 mm (8 in.) by at least 250 mm(10 in.).NOTE 4Due to possible loss of loose internal components
27、during cutting and handling of many TRMs,RECPs, care should be exercised to minimizethese effects.7. Sampling7.1 Sample by LotIn the absence of other guidelines, divide the product into lots and sample as specified in take lot samplesin accordance with Practice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor the lab
28、oratory sample, take a full width full-width sample of sufficient length along the selvageor edge of roll in the machine direction so that the requirements required size and number of 7.3 through specimens 7.4.2can bemet.obtained. Exclude the inner and outer layers or wraps of the roll or any materi
29、al containing folds, crushed areas, or otherdistortions not representative of the sampled lot.7.3 Test SpecimensRemove the test specimens from the laboratory sample in a randomly distributed pattern across the widthso that each specimen will contain different machine and cross-machine elements with
30、no specimen taken nearer than 100 mm (4in.) from the selvage or roll edge,roll sides or ends, unless otherwise specified. Cut five 250 by 200 mm (10 by 8 in.) test specimensfrom the sample. Handle the specimens in a manner to avoid the loss of loose filler and weaving components.7.4 Test SpecimensTe
31、st specimens from the sample shall be at least 250 by 200 mm (10 by 8 in.). Handle the specimens ina manner to avoid the loss of loose filler and weaving components.3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Extech Instruments Corporation, 9 Townsend West, Na
32、shua, NH 03063. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 2 End View of BoxFIG. 3 Adjustable Rod and Bul
33、bD6567 1737.5 Number of SpecimensUnless otherwise agreed upon, as when provided in an applicable material specification, take athenumber of test specimens per laboratory sample such that the user may expect a 95 % probability level that the test result is notmore than 5 % of the average above or bel
34、ow the true average of the sample. Determine the number of specimens per sample asfollows:7.5.1 Reliable Estimate of vvWhen there is a reliable estimate of v based upon extensive pastpart records for similarmaterials tested in the usersusers laboratory as directed in the this test method, calculate
35、the required number of specimens forthe laboratory sample usingas follows so that the user may expect Eq 1, as follows:at the 95n 5tv/A!2 (1)% probability level that the test result is not more than 5.0 % of the average above or below the average of the sample:n 5tv/A!2 (1)where:n = number of test s
36、pecimens (rounded upward to a whole number),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of the individual observations on similar materials in the users laboratoryunder conditions of single-operator position, %,v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of the individual observa
37、tions on similar materials in the users laboratoryunder conditions of single-operator position, %,t = the value of Students t for one sided limits, a 95 % probability level, and the degrees of freedom associated with theestimate of v, andt = the value of Students t for one-sided limits, a 95 % proba
38、bility level, and the degrees of freedom associated with theestimate of v, andA = 5.0 % of the average, the value of the allowable variation.7.5.2 No Reliable Estimate of vvWhen there is no reliable estimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectly. Instead, specify the fixed n
39、umber (5) specimens. The number of specimens is calculated using v = 9.5 % of the average.These values for v are somewhat larger than usually found in practice. When a reliable estimate of for v for the users laboratorybecomes available,the users laboratory, measurements shall Eq 1 will usually requ
40、ire fewer than the fixed number of specimens.bemade on a minimum of five (5) specimens per laboratory sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture and temperature equilibrium in the atmosphere for testing TRMs,RECPs, that is, atemperature of 21 6 2C2 C (70 6 4F)4 F) and relative humidit
41、y of 60 6 10 %.NOTE 5The positive and negative variations specified, along with the temperature and relative humidity settings, are the maximum allowedoperational fluctuations from the set points under equilibrium conditions. They do not imply that the set points can be higher or lower than those sp
42、ecified.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmospheric condition as set forth in 8.1.9.2 Care should be taken in handling of the test specimens to avoid altering the natural finished state of the material.9.3 Close the top of the box, cover the slot where the sample is pl
43、aced, and turn on the light source. Place the light meter onthe shelf in front of the opening at the end of the box.9.4 Slide the adjustable rod with bulb inside the box to obtain maximum brightness (highest meter reading), record reading.9.5 Open top of box and insert the specimen into the slotted
44、area, being sure to leave no area open to avoid false readings.NOTE 6A stiff, opaque border may be use to ensure proper holding of the specimen in place if material is flexible. When a border is used, the meterreading taken before placement of the specimen,specimen must include the open border place
45、d in the slot.9.6 After the top has been closed and the slot opening covered, obtain meter reading. Ensure meter is set on the appropriate scaleto obtain best reading. Record the results.9.7 Repeat the procedure for each of the remaining specimens.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the percent of light p
46、enetration as follows in Eq 2:%light penetration5MR2MR13100 (2)where:MR1 = meter reading prior to placement of specimen, andMR2 = meter reading with specimen in place.D6567 17410.2 Calculate the average % light penetration for all specimens.11. Report11.1 The report for the nominal % light penetrati
47、on shall include the following information:11.1.1 Project, type of TRMRECP tested, and test method of sampling,11.1.2 Specimen size used in testing if other than standard,11.1.3 Number of tests performed,11.1.4 Type of light source and testing apparatus used,11.1.5 Average nominal % light penetratio
48、n,11.1.6 Coefficient of variation of light penetration within the sample, in percent (optional), and11.1.7 Any unusual observations or modifications of sample specimens as manufactured or test method as described.12. Precision and Bias412.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is based on an i
49、nterlaboratory study of D6567 Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Light Penetration of a Turf Reinforcement Mat (TRM), Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP), conducted in 2013.Seven laboratories participated in this study. Each of the labs reported three replicate test results for two different types of matsand a double net blanket. Every “test result” reported represents the average of 5five measurements taken from a sample. PracticeE691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTM Research Rep
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