1、Designation: D 6571 01Standard Test Method forDetermination of Compression Resistance and RecoveryProperties of Highloft Nonwoven Fabric Using Static ForceLoading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of compres-sion resistanc
3、e and recovery properties of any type of highloftnonwoven fabric using a simplistic and economical appliedstatic weight loading technique.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
4、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values stated in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This test method offers two options for the mea
5、surementof compression resistance and recovery properties. Option 1contains fewer steps and is, therefore, simpler. Option 2 makesmore measurements and provides more details about thebehavior of a fabric under these test conditions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating
6、 to Textiles2D 5796 Test Method for Thickness of Highloft NonwovenFabrics32.2 ASTM Adjuncts:D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data2D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles2Adjunct TEX-PAC3. Terminology3.1 De
7、finitions:3.1.1 applied static force, nin testing, the application of afixed force by action of gravity on a fixed mass.3.1.2 batting, na textile filling material consisting of acontinuous web of fibers formed by carding, garnetting, airlaying, or other means.3.1.3 compression force, nthe perpendicu
8、lar force appliedto surface (s) of a material in compaction.3.1.4 compression recovery, nthe property of a material toregain its original dimensions after release from compaction.3.1.5 compression resistance, nthe property of a materialto oppose its change in dimension under compaction.3.1.6 dead-we
9、ight loading, nin testing, a method of load-ing in which a mass is supported solely by the specimen andhas no other mechanical connection to the test machine. Staticloading may be considered a synonym of dead-weight loading.3.1.7 elastic loss, nthe permanent loss of specimensoriginal dimension after
10、 the compression or tension force isapplied and then subsequently removed.3.1.8 highloft nonwoven fabric, na low-density fiber net-work structure characterized by a high ratio of thickness tomass per unit area.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms, refer to Terminol-ogy D 123.4. Summary of Test
11、 Method4.1 A specimen (one piece of or a stack of pieces) is placedbetween two plates and the height of the stack measured. Aweight of specified mass is placed on the top plate for aspecified period of time. The height of the specimen with themass in place is measured at specified time intervals. Th
12、e massis removed and the height of the stack is measured at specifiedtime intervals. Compression resistance and recovery propertiesare calculated using the height measurements.5. Significance and Use5.1 The ability of a highloft nonwoven fabric to resistcompression and recovery and elastic loss afte
13、r compressionare two basic physical properties that are measured to setspecifications for certain end-use applications. This testmethod provides an inexpensive alternative for highloft pro-ducers, their suppliers and customers to determine compressionresistance, and recovery properties thus better p
14、redicting theirperformance in the finished product.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.90 on Executive.Current edition approved September 10, 2001. Published December 2001.Originally published as D 657100.
15、Last previous edition D 657100.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Compression resistance and recovery performance re-quirements of h
16、ighloft nonwovens will vary according to theend-use application. Furniture, bedding apparel, and industrialapplications do not require the same property values to satisfytheir individual consumers. They will require resistance tocompression and the ability to recover to some degree.5.3 Option 1 of t
17、his test method is used in the trade for theacceptance testing of commercial shipments. Compressionrecovery graphs from Option 2 can be helpful in comparingperformance of different highloft nonwoven fabrics.5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this t
18、est method, the purchaserand the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determineif there is a significant statistical bias between their laborato-ries. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for theinvestigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties shouldtake a group of test sample
19、s that are as homogeneous aspossible and that are from a lot of material of the type inquestion. The test samples should be randomly assigned inequal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The averageresults from the two laboratories should be compared using anappropriate statistical test for unpai
20、red samples and an accep-tance probability level chosen by the two parties before thetesting is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must befound and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier mustagree to interpret future test results with consideration of theknown bias.NOTE 1An adequate sp
21、ecification or the agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween rolls and within rolls to provide a meaningful producers risk,consumers risk, acceptance quality level, and limiting quality level.6. Apparatus6.1 Steel Rule, graduated in at least
22、1-mm (0.05-in.) incre-ments at least 150 mm (6 in.) long or suitable length to measurespecimens heights for the material of interest.6.2 Timer, such as a clock, capable of indicating the totaltime interval of the test method (see 8.2) and graduated inhours and minutes.6.3 Plates:6.3.1 Base or Bottom
23、 Plate, 230 by 230 by 6.35-mm (9 by9by14-in.) plywood plate covered with aluminum foil, or apiece of aluminum sheet.6.3.2 Cover or Top Plate, 230 by 230 by 6.35-mm (9 by 9by14-in.) plywood plate covered with aluminum foil weighing187 6 2 g (0.41 6 0.005 lb).6.4 Weight, pieces of metal, liquid-filled
24、 containers, or otherappropriate substitute of a specific mass to equal 7.26 kg (16lb) used to compress highloft battings.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls directed in an applicationmaterial specification or other ag
25、reement between the pur-chaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls, or pieces, ofnonwoven material to be the primary sampling unit. In absenceof such an agreement, take the number of rolls specified inTable 1.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor the laboratory sample, take aswatch extending the width of the fa
26、bric and approximately 1m (1 yd) along the machine direction from each roll, or piece,in the lot sample. If the thickness of the sample is such that thislength is not adequate to supply enough fabric for the testing,use a swatch that is twice this length. For rolls of fabric, takea sample that will
27、exclude the outer wrap of the roll or the innerwrap around the core.7.3 Test SpecimensSpecimens should be taken randomlyfrom areas of the laboratory sample that are free of folds andwrinkles and any distortions that make these specimens abnor-mal from the rest of the test material. Unless otherwises
28、pecified, take specimens randomly no nearer to the edges ofthe sample than one tenth of the width of the sample. Test onespecimen from each sampling unit, or test three specimensrepresenting the right, the center, and the left of each samplingunit, if the width exceeds 1 m.7.3.1 A specimen consists
29、of sufficient 200 by 200-mm (8by 8-in.) pieces of highloft nonwoven fabric which, whenstacked, measures at least 100 mm (4 in.) in height, or onepiece of finished product that measures at least 100 mm inheight.NOTE 2For highloft nonwoven fabrics, typically, four to six piecesare stacked to make a sp
30、ecimen.7.3.2 Cutting Test SpecimensIf making one test per unit,cut the pieces for each specimen at random across and alongeach laboratory sampling unit, preferably along the diagonal. Iftesting right, center, and left areas, cut the pieces needed foreach specimen from the appropriate section of each
31、 laboratorysampling unit.8. Conditioning8.1 No preconditioning is needed.8.2 Control the temperature for conditioning and testingbetween 20 and 24C (68 and 75F). No control of relativehumidity is required.9. Procedure9.1 Height Measurements:9.1.1 For each height determination, make four measure-ment
32、s of distance from the top of the base plate to the bottomof the cover plate, with a measurement at the midpoint of eachside of the cover plate. Make the four measurements in rapidsuccession and read to the nearest mm (0.05 in.).9.2 Option 1: Acceptance Testing:9.2.1 Place a specimen (one piece or s
33、tack of pieces asneeded) on the base plate and add the cover plate. Measure thespecimen height. Record the values, average the values inTABLE 1 Number of Rolls, or Pieces, of Nonwoven Material inthe Lot SampleNumber of Rolls, Pieces inLot InclusiveNumber of Rolls or Pieces inLot Samples1to3 all4to24
34、 425 to 50 5over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls orpiecesD6571012calculations in all sections, as the initial height, A. Once thecover plate is put on the specimen, do not remove the coverplate until the test is completed.9.2.2 Immediately after measuring the initial height, placethe mass (6.4) cen
35、trally and uniformly and start the timer.Afterthe mass has been on the specimen for 10 min measure thespecimen height. Record the average of the four measurementsas the 10-min compressed height, C.9.2.3 Remove the mass, allow the specimen to relax for 10min, and then measure the specimen height. Rec
36、ord the as10-min relaxed height E (elapsed time 20 min).9.2.4 Replace the mass on the specimen. After a 24-h testperiod, remove the mass and allow the specimen to relax for 1h. Measure the specimen height. Record as 1-h recoveryheight.9.3 Option 2: Long-Term Recovery and Graphical Analysis:9.3.1 Pla
37、ce a specimen (one piece or stack of pieces) on thebase plate and add the cover plate. Measure the specimenheight. Record the average of the four measurements as theinitial height, A. Once the cover plate is put on the specimen,do not remove the cover plate until the test method iscompleted.9.3.2 Im
38、mediately after measuring the initial height, placethe mass (6.4) centrally and uniformly on the cover plate andstart the timer. Immediately measure the height of the weightedspecimen and record the average of the four measurements asthe initial compressed height, B.9.3.3 After the mass has been on
39、the specimen for 10 min,measure the specimen height. Record the average of the fourmeasurements as the 10-min (1st) compressed height, C.9.3.4 Remove the mass from the cover plate and immedi-ately measure the height of the specimen. Record this as thefirst relaxed height, D.9.3.5 Allow the specimen
40、to relax for 10 min and thenmeasure the specimen height. Record this as the 2nd relaxedheight, E.9.3.6 Replace the mass on the cover plate and measure theheight of the specimen. Record this as the 2nd compressedHeight, F.9.3.7 After a 24-h test period, measure the height of theweighted specimen. Rec
41、ord this as the 3rd compressed height,G.9.3.8 Remove the mass from the cover plate and measurethe height of the specimen. Record this as the 3rd relaxedheight, H.9.3.9 Allow the specimen to relax for 1 h. Measure thespecimen height. Record this as the 4th relaxed height, J.NOTE 3Most samples reach t
42、heir maximum recovery within an hourafter removal of the mass.9.3.10 Allow the specimen to continue to relax for anadditional 7 h and measure the specimen height. Record this asthe final relaxed height, K.10. Calculation10.1 Option 1:10.1.1 Calculate the compression resistance, compressionrecovery,
43、and elastic loss properties to the nearest 0.1 % usingEq 1-3,L 5 100 C/A (1)M 5 100 A2E!/A (2)N 5 100 J/E (3)where:L = compression resistance, %,C = 10-min weighted height, mm (in.),A = initial height, mm (in.),M = elastic loss, %,E = 2nd relaxed height, mm (in.),N = short-term compression recovery,
44、 %, andJ = 1-h recovery height, mm (in.).NOTE 4The loss in height of a highloft nonwoven fabric betweenMeasurements A and E is attributed to a loss in elasticity. Under mostconditions, this loss is permanent.10.2 Option 2:10.2.1 Calculate compression properties as directed in10.1.1.10.2.2 Calculate
45、long-term compression recovery using Eq4 as follows:O 5 100 K/E (4)where:O = long-term compression recovery, %, andK = final relaxed height, mm (in.).10.3 Calculate the average of each compression property foreach laboratory sampling unit (if left, right, and middle areaswere tested separately) and
46、for the lot.10.4 If requested, make a graph of the compression recoveryperformance. See Fig. 1 for an example graph.11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested in accordance withTest Method D 6571. Describe the material(s) or product(s)and the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the followin
47、g information for each samplingunit and the lot as applicable to the material specification orother agreement:11.2.1 The number of specimens in each lot and the numberof pieces in a stack if more than one is needed.11.2.2 The compression resistance.11.2.3 The elastic loss.11.2.4 The compression reco
48、very.11.2.5 The use of either Option 1 or Option 2. If Option 2was used, the long-term compression recovery.11.2.6 Copies of any compression recovery performancegraphs prepared.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryPreliminary interlaboratory test data haveshown that the variance in compression recovery
49、 of highloftnonwoven fabrics by this test method is dependent upon thenominal thickness and possibly the manufacturing method ofthe material under evaluation; therefore, no general statementcan be made concerning least critical differences. The follow-ing data were generated during the interlaboratory test and arepresented for reference. In comparing two averages for fourD6571013observations, the difference between averages should notexceed the following values in 95 out of 100 cases when allobservations are taken by the same well-trained operator usingthe sam
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