1、Designation: D6583 13Standard Test Method forPorosity of Paint Film by Mineral Oil Absorption1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6583; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable to air-dry architecturalcoatings of any type, both solvent and water-borne, and of anycolor, dark as well
3、 as light. It cannot be used with films that aredissolved or excessively softened by mineral oil, but practicalexamples of such films will be encountered rarely, if ever.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 Th
4、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen
5、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3258 Test Method for Porosity of White or Near WhitePaint Films by StainingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691
6、 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 porosity, npresence of numerous minute voids in acured material; that is, the fraction of air by volume in the dryfilm.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test paint is applie
7、d to a preweighed nonporouspanel, air dried, then reweighed to obtain the weight of thefilm.4.2 Mineral oil is applied to the surface of the paint film,allowed to absorb for a fixed period of time, and the excessremoved in a specified manner. The test panel is then re-weighed to determine the amount
8、 of mineral oil absorbed.4.3 Porosity is calculated from the weight ratio of absorbedoil to dry paint film and from previously determined values ofnon-volatile and density for the whole paint.5. Significance and Use5.1 The porosity of a paint film is closely related to theimportant practical charact
9、eristics of stain resistance, abrasionresistance, durability, and the hold-out of any paint subse-quently applied.5.2 This test provides a precise means for evaluating andcomparing the quality of paint films, insofar as it pertains toporosity as determined on a coating applied to a nonporoussubstrat
10、e. Porosity measured using this test method may not bean accurate predictor of coating porosity when the coating isapplied to substrate of higher absorption characteristics.5.3 Unlike current Test Method D3258 Porosity of PaintFilms, which is effective only with light colored paints, this testmethod
11、 is equally effective with paints of any color, both darkand light. Also unlike Test Method D3258, its results are notinfluenced by the hiding characteristics of the paint film.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Bird Type Film Applicator, 150-mm wide with a clear-ance of 150 m.6.2 Bird Type Film Applicat
12、or, 150-mm wide with a clear-ance of 100 m.6.3 Vacuum Drawdown Plate.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved N
13、ov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6583 04 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D6583-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
14、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.4 Test Panel.36.5 Mineral Oil, specific gravity 0.8200 to 0.8350; viscosity6.5 to 7.8 cSt at 40C.6.
15、6 Absorbent Wipers.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh each test panel to the nearest milligram. Recordas Wp.7.2 Place the test panel on the vacuum plate and apply thepaint under test with the 150-m clearance drawdown blade.Remove the test panel from the vacuum plate and air dry as 48h under standard conditions o
16、f 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity.7.3 Weigh the coated test panel to the nearest milligram.Record this weight as Wp+f.7.4 Place the coated test panel on the vacuum plate andapply the mineral oil with the 100-m clearance drawdownblade making sure the entire surface of the coating is coveredby t
17、he oil.7.5 After 3 min, wipe off excess mineral oil with theabsorbent wipers. Hold the test panel at an angle to a lightsource to ascertain from its sheen if all mineral oil is removedfrom the test panel. Repeat wiping, if necessary, until the filmhas no sheen. Failure to remove this excess will pro
18、duceerroneous results. Results are invalid if paint film is removedduring this process.7.6 Weigh the test panel from 7.5 to the nearest milligramand record as Wo.7.7 Determine the density D of the paint in g/mL and thedensity d of the saturant in g/mL, in accordance with TestMethod D1475.7.8 Determi
19、ne the nonvolatile by weight N of the paint, inaccordance with Test Method D2369.8. Calculation8.1 Weight of Applied Paint Film:8.1.1 Calculate the weight of the applied paint film asfollows:Wf5 Wp1f2 Wp(1)where:Wf= paint film, g,Wp+f= test panel and paint film, g, andWp= test panel, g.8.2 Weight of
20、 Mineral Oil Absorbed:8.2.1 Calculate the weight of the mineral oil m absorbed bythe paint film as follows:Wm5 Wo2 Wp1f(2)where:Wm= mineral oil absorbed by the paint film, g,Wo= oiled test paint, g, andWp+f= test panel and paint film, g.8.3 Weight Ratio of absorbed Oil to Dry Paint Film:8.3.1 Calcul
21、ate the ratio of absorbed oil to dry paint film Ras follows:R 5 Wm/Wf(3)where:R = weight ratio of absorbed oil to dry paint film,Wm= mineral oil absorbed by the paint film, g, andWf= paint film, g.8.4 Porosity:8.4.1 Calculate porosity P as follows:P 5CRNDCRND1d C1ND 2 D!3100 (4)where:C = constant of
22、:1.00 for water-based systems, and0.78 for solvent-based systems.NOTE 1The constant C is to adjust the calculation for the differencein density of the solvent (water in water-based systems and a genericsolvent in solvent-based systems).P = porosity of paint film, expressed as a percentage,R = ratio
23、by weight of absorbed oil to dry paint film,N = nonvolatile by weight of the whole paint,D = density of the whole paint, g/mL, andd = density of the saturant, g/mL.9. Report9.1 Report the porosity of the paint film as determined in8.4.1 to 1 decimal place.10. Precision and Bias410.1 The precision of
24、 this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study of D6583, Test Method for Porosity ofPaint Film by Mineral OilAbsorption, conducted in 2010. Eachof four laboratories tested four paints for porosity, in order todetermine the intralaboratory and interlaboratory precision.Laboratories reported tr
25、iplicate test results, each result being anindividual determination. Practice E691 was followed for thedesign and analysis of the data; the details are given inResearch Report: RR:D01-1173.10.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if
26、theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; r”istheinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.10.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 1
27、.3Transparency film AF 4300, from 3M Visual Systems Division, Austin, TX78726-4599 was used in this test method. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the respons
28、ible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1173. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D6583 13210.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not
29、equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.10.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed
30、in Table 1.10.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.10.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 10.1.1and 10.1.2 would normally have an approximate 95 % prob-ability of being correct, however the precision statistics ob-tain
31、ed in this ILS must not be treated as exact mathematicalquantities which are applicable to all circumstances and uses.The limited number of laboratories reporting results guaranteesthat there will be times when differences greater than predictedby the ILS results will arise, sometimes with considera
32、blygreater or smaller frequency than the 95 % probability limitwould imply. Consider the repeatability limit and the repro-ducibility limit would imply. Consider the repeatability limitand the reproducibility limit as general guides, and the asso-ciated probability of 95 % as only a rough indicator
33、of what canbe expected.10.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for theprocedure in this test method, therefore no statement on biascan be made.10.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 47 resul
34、ts, from four laboratories, onfour paints, which are described as:Sample A: 59 PVC latex paint using flat grade TiO2Sample B: 59 PVC latex paint using combination of opaquepolymer and flat grade TiO2Sample C: 59 PVC latex paint using enamel grade TiO2Sample D: 59 PVC latex paint using combination of
35、 opaquepolymer and enamel grade TiO211. Keywords11.1 film porosity; porosity; resistancepenetration (intopaint films)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
36、advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eit
37、her reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend
38、. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Ind
39、ividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured
40、 from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Porosity (Fraction of Air by Volume in the Dry Paint FilmMaterialAverageAXRepeatabilityStandardDeviationsrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilibyLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 27.75 5.28 11.26 14.79 31.52B 26.13 3.16 6.97 8.86 19.53C 5.90 1.65 4.61 4.62 12.92D 7.93 2.08 6.20 5.83 17.36AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.D6583 133
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