ASTM D6593-2008 402 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gas.pdf

1、Designation: D 6593 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition ofDeposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal CombustionEngine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions1This standard is issued unde

2、r the fixed designation D 6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since t

3、he last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to asthe Sequence VG test,2and it has been correlated with vehiclesused in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly withregard to sludge and varnish formation.3It is one of the testmethods required to

4、evaluate oils intended to satisfy the APISL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

5、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6,9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.1.4 A Tab

6、le of Contents follows:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus (General Description) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Sp

7、ecial Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems

8、) 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel and Fuel System 8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures 9.1Pressures 9.2Flow Rates 9.3Fuel Consumption 9.4Speed and Load 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedu

9、re 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenance Procedures 12.41This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.01 on Pas

10、senger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 659307a.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of info

11、rmation letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information Letters through No. 082.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquart

12、ers and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D021472.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1

13、Sludge Ratings 13.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.4Sticking 13.5Used Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14General 14.1Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2Blowby Flow Rate 14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5Oil Consumption 14.6Engine Parts Replacement 14.7Quality

14、 Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXESSafety Hazards Annex A1Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4Test

15、 Engine Part Number Listing Annex A5External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A6Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A7Dipstick Calibration Annex A8Critical Part Supplier List Annex A9Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A10Rating Worksheets Annex A11Fuel Injector Flow Meas

16、urements Annex A12APPENDIXESPiston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X2Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric

17、 PressureD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D 381 Test Method for Gum Conten

18、t in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D 873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability ofAviation Fuels(Potential Residue Met

19、hod)D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray

20、 Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Ole-finic Gasoline by Mass SpectrometryD 3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by AtomicAbsorption SpectroscopyD 3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD 4057 Practice for Manual

21、 Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4863 Test

22、Method for Determination of Lubricity ofTwo-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD 5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-RaySpectroscopyD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements i

23、n BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA DieselEngineD 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metri

24、c Karl Fischer TitrationG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI Standard:5ANSI MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being inducted into thecombustion c

25、hambers.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, air-fuel ratio(AFR), is controlled by the EEC IV engine control module.D 41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air and fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 41753.1.3 cold-stuck piston ring, nin inter

26、nal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, but inspection shows that it was freeduring engine operation.3.1.3.1 DiscussionA cold-stuck piston ring cannot bemoved with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by apolished face over its ent

27、ire circumference, indicating essen-tially no blowby passed over the ring face during engine4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S

28、ummary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.D6593082operation. D 41753.1.4 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from w

29、ear.3.1.4.1 DiscussionExamples include such things as gas-ket material, silicone sealer, towel threads, and metal particles.D 58623.1.5 filtering, nin data acquisition, a means of attenuat-ing signals in a given frequency range. They can be mechanical(volume tank, spring, mass) or electrical (capaci

30、tance, induc-tance) or digital (mathematical formulas), or a combinationthereof. Typically, a low-pass filter attenuates the unwantedhigh frequency noise.3.1.6 hot-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustion en-gines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, and in

31、spection shows that it was stuckduring engine operation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe portion of the ring that is stuckcannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. A hot-stuckpiston ring is characterized by varnish or carbon across someportion of its face, indicating that portion of the ring was notcontac

32、ting the cylinder wall during engine operation. D 41753.1.7 knock, nin a spark ignition engine, abnormal com-bustion, often producing audible sound, caused by autoignitionof the air/fuel mixture. D 41753.1.8 out of specification data, nin data acquisition,sampled value of a monitored test parameter

33、that has deviatedbeyond the procedural limits3.1.9 reading, nin data acquisition, the reduction of datapoints that represent the operating conditions observed in thetime period as defined in the test procedure.3.1.10 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wearcharacterized by the formation of exte

34、nsive grooves andscratches in the direction of sliding. G403.1.11 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instan-taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionthat does not result in immobilization of the parts. D 48633.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,princi

35、pally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D 41753.1.13 time constant, nin data acquisition, A value whichrepresents a measure of the time response of a system. For

36、afirst order system responding to a step change input, it is thetime required for the output to reach 63.2 % of its final value.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 41753.1.15 wear, nl

37、oss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.15.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and chemical actions. D 41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific

38、to This Standard:3.2.1 clogging, nthe restriction of a flow path due to theaccumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.3.2.2 enrichment, nin internal combustion engine opera-tion, a fuel consumption rate in excess of that which wouldachieve a stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio.3.2.2.1 Disc

39、ussionEnrichment is usually indicated by el-evated CO levels and can also be detected with an extendedrange air/fuel ratio sensor.3.2.3 Lambda, nthe ratio of actual air mass induced,during engine operation, divided by the theoretical air massrequirement at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the g

40、ivenfuel.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA Lambda value of 1.0 denotes astoichiometric air-fuel ratio.3.2.4 low-temperature, light-duty conditions, nindicativeof engine oil and coolant temperatures that average belownormal warmed-up temperatures, and engine speeds and poweroutputs that average below those encount

41、ered in typical high-way driving.3.2.5 ramping, nthe prescribed rate of change of a vari-able when one set of operating conditions is changed to anotherset of operating conditions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Each test engine is assembled with many new parts andessentially all aspects of assembly ar

42、e specified in detail.4.2 The test stand is equipped to control speed, load, AFR,and various other operating parameters.4.3 The test is run for a total of 216 h, consisting of 54cycles of 4 h each. Each cycle consists of three stages.4.4 While the operating conditions are varied within eachcycle, ov

43、erall they can be characterized as a mixture oflow-temperature and moderate-temperature, light and mediumduty operating conditions.4.5 To accelerate deposit formation, the level of oxides ofnitrogen in the blowby and the rate of blowby into thecrankcase are significantly increased. The fresh air bre

44、athing ofthe crankcase is eliminated and the oil and coolant tempera-tures are lowered to induce condensation of water and fuel.4.6 The performance of the test engine oil is evaluated at theend of the test by dismantling the engine and measuring thelevel of deposit formation.5. Significance and Use5

45、.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotiveengine oils control of engine deposits under operating condi-tions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. Thistest method was correlated with field service data, determinedfrom side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police

46、,taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field serviceoils were then used in developing the operating conditions ofthis test procedure.5.2 This test method, along with other test methods, definesthe minimum performance level of the API Category SL(detailed information about this category is

47、 included in Speci-fication D 4485). This test method is also incorporated inautomobile manufacturers factory-fill specifications.5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representa-tive of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, alongwith the accelerated operating conditions, shou

48、ld be consideredwhen interpreting test results.D65930836. Apparatus (General Description)6.1 The test engine is a Ford 4.6L, spark ignition, fourstroke, eight-cylinder V configuration engine. Features of thisengine include an overhead camshaft, a cross-flow fast-burncylinder head design, two valves

49、per cylinder and electronicport fuel injection. It is based on the Ford Motor Co. 4.6L EFICrown Victoria6passenger car engine.6.2 Configure the test stand to accept a Ford 4.6Ltwo valvesper cylinder engine. All special equipment necessary forconducting this test is listed herein.6Ford Crown Victoria is a product of the Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI 48121.FIG. 1 Schematic of Engine Fuel SystemD65930846.3 Use the appropriate air conditioning apparatus to controlthe temperature, pressure, and humidity of the intake air.6.4 Use an appropriate fuel supply s