ASTM D6593-2015 4299 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Ga.pdf

1、Designation: D6593 15Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition ofDeposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal CombustionEngine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6593;

2、 the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

3、1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to asthe Sequence VG test,2and it has been correlated with vehiclesused in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly withregard to sludge and varnish formation.3It is one of the testmethods required to evaluate oils intended to sati

4、sfy the APISL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubingsize, or specified sin

5、gle source equipment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t

6、o use. Specific hazardstatements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6,9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.1.4 A Table of Contents follows:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus (General Description) 6Apparatus (Th

7、e Test Engine) 7Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7Assembling the Test Engine-Prepa

8、rations 7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel and Fuel System 8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures 9.1Pressures 9.2Flow Rates 9.3Fue

9、l Consumption 9.4Speed and Load 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedure 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End

10、 of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1Sludge Ratings 13.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.41This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcom

11、mittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6593 14a. DOI:10.1520/D6593-15.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update c

12、hanges in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information Letters through No. 144.3Supporting data have

13、been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1472.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Sticking 13.5U

14、sed Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14General 14.1Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2Blowby Flow Rate 14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5Oil Consumption 14.6Engine Parts Replacement 14.7Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15Report For

15、ms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXESSafety Hazards Annex A1Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A5External Oil Heat Exchanger Cl

16、eaning Technique Annex A6Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A7Dipstick Calibration Annex A8Critical Part Supplier List Annex A9Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A10Rating Worksheets Annex A11Fuel Injector Flow Measurements Annex A12APPENDIXESPiston and Ring Measurements Record Fo

17、rms Appendix X1Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X2Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits

18、)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity

19、of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1

20、298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low OlefinicGasoline

21、 by Mass SpectrometryD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumP

22、roducts, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5185 Test Method for

23、 Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine(Withdrawn 2009)5D6304 Test Method for Determina

24、tion of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI Standard:6ANSI MC96.1 Temperature Meas

25、urement-Thermocouples2.3 Other ASTM Documents:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (Formerly CRC Manual20)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being inducted into thecombustion chambers.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this te

26、st method, air-fuel ratio(AFR), is controlled by the EEC IV engine control module.D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 cold-stuck piston r

27、ing, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, but inspection shows that it was freeduring engine operation.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

28、 Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 1

29、0036.7For stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.D6593 1523.1.3.1 DiscussionA cold-stuck piston ring cannot bemoved with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by apolished face over its entire circumference, indicating essen-

30、tially no blowby passed over the ring face during engineoperation. D41753.1.4 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from wear.3.1.4.1 DiscussionExamples include such things as gasketmaterial, silicone sealer, towe

31、l threads, and metal particles.D58623.1.5 filtering, nin data acquisition, a means of attenuat-ing signals in a given frequency range. They can be mechanical(volume tank, spring, mass) or electrical (capacitance, induc-tance) or digital (mathematical formulas), or a combinationthereof. Typically, a

32、low-pass filter attenuates the unwantedhigh frequency noise.3.1.6 hot-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, and inspection shows that it was stuckduring engine operation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe portion of the rin

33、g that is stuckcannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. A hot-stuckpiston ring is characterized by varnish or carbon across someportion of its face, indicating that portion of the ring was notcontacting the cylinder wall during engine operation. D41753.1.7 knock, nin a spark ignition engine, a

34、bnormalcombustion, often producing audible sound, caused by autoi-gnition of the air/fuel mixture. D41753.1.8 out of specification data, nin data acquisition,sampled value of a monitored test parameter that has deviatedbeyond the procedural limits.3.1.9 reading, nin data acquisition, the reduction o

35、f datapoints that represent the operating conditions observed in thetime period as defined in the test procedure.3.1.10 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wearcharacterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of sliding. G403.1.11 scuffng, nin lubrication, damag

36、e caused by instan-taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionthat does not result in immobilization of the parts.3.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that

37、does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 time constant, nin data acquisition, A value whichrepresents a measure of the time response of a system. For afirst order system responding to a step change input, it is thetime required for the output to reach 63.

38、2 % of its final value.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.15 wear, nloss of material from a surface, generallyoccurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and result-ing

39、 from mechanical or chemical action, or a combination ofboth. D74223.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 clogging, nthe restriction of a flow path due to theaccumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.3.2.2 enrichment, nin internal combustion engineoperation, a fuel co

40、nsumption rate in excess of that whichwould achieve a stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio.3.2.2.1 DiscussionEnrichment is usually indicated by el-evated CO levels and can also be detected with an extendedrange air/fuel ratio sensor.3.2.3 Lambda, nthe ratio of actual air mass induced,during engine opera

41、tion, divided by the theoretical air massrequirement at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the givenfuel.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA Lambda value of 1.0 denotes a stoi-chiometric air-fuel ratio.3.2.4 low-temperature, light-duty conditions, nindicativeof engine oil and coolant temperatures that average be

42、lownormal warmed-up temperatures, and engine speeds and poweroutputs that average below those encountered in typical high-way driving.3.2.5 ramping, nthe prescribed rate of change of a vari-able when one set of operating conditions is changed to anotherset of operating conditions.4. Summary of Test

43、Method4.1 Each test engine is assembled with many new parts andessentially all aspects of assembly are specified in detail.4.2 The test stand is equipped to control speed, torque,AFR,and various other operating parameters.4.3 The test is run for a total of 216 h, consisting of 54cycles of 4 h each.

44、Each cycle consists of three stages.4.4 While the operating conditions are varied within eachcycle, overall they can be characterized as a mixture oflow-temperature and moderate-temperature, light and mediumduty operating conditions.4.5 To accelerate deposit formation, the level of oxides ofnitrogen

45、 in the blowby and the rate of blowby into thecrankcase are significantly increased. The fresh air breathing ofthe crankcase is eliminated and the oil and coolant tempera-tures are lowered to induce condensation of water and fuel.4.6 The performance of the test engine oil is evaluated at theend of t

46、he test by dismantling the engine and measuring thelevel of deposit formation.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotiveengine oils control of engine deposits under operating condi-tions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. Thistest method was cor

47、related with field service data, determinedfrom side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police,taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field serviceoils were then used in developing the operating conditions ofthis test procedure.D6593 1535.2 This test method, along with other test m

48、ethods, definesthe minimum performance level of the API Category SL(detailed information about this category is included in Speci-fication D4485). This test method is also incorporated inautomobile manufacturers factory-fill specifications.5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representa-

49、tive of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, alongwith the accelerated operating conditions, should be consideredwhen interpreting test results.6. Apparatus (General Description)6.1 The test engine is a Ford, spark ignition, four stroke,eight-cylinder V configuration engine with a displacement of4.6 L. Features of this engine include an overhead camshaft, aFIG. 1 Schematic of Engine Fuel SystemD6593 154cross-flow fast-burn cylinder head design, two valves percylinder and electronic port fuel injection. It is based on theFord Motor Co.