ASTM D6593-2016 1582 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Ga.pdf

1、Designation: D6593 16Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition ofDeposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal CombustionEngine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6593;

2、 the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

3、INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically s

4、imilar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. I

5、n addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate t

6、est stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand parti

7、cipating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to asthe Sequence VG test,2and it has been correlated with vehiclesused in stop-and-go service prior to 199

8、6, particularly withregard to sludge and varnish formation.3It is one of the testmethods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the APISL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1

9、ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubingsize, or specified single source equipment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi

10、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6,9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A5.1.4 A Table of Contents follows:SectionSco

11、pe 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus (General Description) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Special Engine Measurement and Asse

12、mbly Equipment 7.51This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapprov

13、ed in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6593 15a. DOI:10.1520/D6593-16.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring

14、Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information Letters through No. 151.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1472.*A Summary of Cha

15、nges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8Assembling the

16、 Test Engine-Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel and Fuel System 8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures 9.1Pressures 9.2Flow Rates 9.3Fuel Consumption 9.4Speed an

17、d Load 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedure 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End of Test Procedure 12.6In

18、terpretation of Test Results 13Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1Sludge Ratings 13.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.4Sticking 13.5Used Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14General 14.1Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2Blowby Flow Rate 14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4Fuel Consumption

19、Rate 14.5Oil Consumption 14.6Engine Parts Replacement 14.7Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXESASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Moni

20、toring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Safety Precautions Annex A5Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A6Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A7Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A8Test Engi

21、ne Part Number Listing Annex A9External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A10Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A11Dipstick Calibration Annex A12Critical Part Supplier List Annex A13Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A14Rating Worksheets Annex A15Fuel Injector Flow Measu

22、rements Annex A16APPENDIXESPiston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X2Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuel

23、s at Atmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for

24、 Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potentia

25、l Residue Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluore

26、scence SpectrometryD2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low OlefinicGasoline by Mass SpectrometryD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of

27、Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine Oi

28、lsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Tu

29、rbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine(Withdrawn 2009)5D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer Titration (Withdrawn 2016)5D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation D

30、iesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the st

31、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.D6593 162G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI Standard:6ANSI MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples2.3 Other ASTM Documents:ASTM Deposit Rating M

32、anual 20 (Formerly CRC Manual20)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being inducted into thecombustion chambers.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, air-fuel ratio(AFR), is controlled by the EEC IV engine

33、control module.D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 cold-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck wh

34、en the piston and ring areat room temperature, but inspection shows that it was freeduring engine operation.3.1.3.1 DiscussionA cold-stuck piston ring cannot bemoved with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by apolished face over its entire circumference, indicating essen-tially no blowby

35、passed over the ring face during engineoperation. D41753.1.4 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from wear.3.1.4.1 DiscussionExamples include such things as gasketmaterial, silicone sealer, towel threads, and me

36、tal particles.D58623.1.5 filtering, nin data acquisition, a means of attenuat-ing signals in a given frequency range. They can be mechanical(volume tank, spring, mass) or electrical (capacitance, induc-tance) or digital (mathematical formulas), or a combinationthereof. Typically, a low-pass filter a

37、ttenuates the unwantedhigh frequency noise.3.1.6 hot-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, and inspection shows that it was stuckduring engine operation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe portion of the ring that is stuckca

38、nnot be moved with moderate finger pressure. A hot-stuckpiston ring is characterized by varnish or carbon across someportion of its face, indicating that portion of the ring was notcontacting the cylinder wall during engine operation. D41753.1.7 knock, nin a spark ignition engine, abnormalcombustion

39、, often producing audible sound, caused by autoi-gnition of the air/fuel mixture. D41753.1.8 out of specification data, nin data acquisition,sampled value of a monitored test parameter that has deviatedbeyond the procedural limits.3.1.9 reading, nin data acquisition, the reduction of datapoints that

40、 represent the operating conditions observed in thetime period as defined in the test procedure.3.1.10 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wearcharacterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of sliding. G403.1.11 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by insta

41、n-taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionthat does not result in immobilization of the parts.3.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfro

42、m engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 time constant, nin data acquisition, A value whichrepresents a measure of the time response of a system. For afirst order system responding to a step change input, it is thetime required for the output to reach 63.2 % of its final

43、value.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.15 wear, nloss of material from a surface, generallyoccurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and result-ing from mechanical

44、or chemical action, or a combination ofboth. D74223.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 clogging, nthe restriction of a flow path due to theaccumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.3.2.2 enrichment, nin internal combustion engineoperation, a fuel consumption rate in

45、 excess of that whichwould achieve a stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio.3.2.2.1 DiscussionEnrichment is usually indicated by el-evated CO levels and can also be detected with an extendedrange air/fuel ratio sensor.3.2.3 Lambda, nthe ratio of actual air mass induced,during engine operation, divided by

46、the theoretical air massrequirement at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the givenfuel.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA Lambda value of 1.0 denotes a stoi-chiometric air-fuel ratio.3.2.4 low-temperature, light-duty conditions, nindicativeof engine oil and coolant temperatures that average belownormal warmed-

47、up temperatures, and engine speeds and poweroutputs that average below those encountered in typical high-way driving.3.2.5 ramping, nthe prescribed rate of change of a vari-able when one set of operating conditions is changed to anotherset of operating conditions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Each te

48、st engine is assembled with many new parts andessentially all aspects of assembly are specified in detail.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.7For stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Ser

49、vice at serviceastm.org.D6593 1634.2 The test stand is equipped to control speed, torque,AFR,and various other operating parameters.4.3 The test is run for a total of 216 h, consisting of 54cycles of 4 h each. Each cycle consists of three stages.4.4 While the operating conditions are varied within eachcycle, overall they can be characterized as a mixture oflow-temperature and moderate-temperature, light and mediumduty operating conditions.4.5 To accelerate deposit formation, the level of oxides ofnitrogen in the blowby and the rate of blowby into thec