1、Designation: D6594 08D6594 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at135C135 C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described inthis test method. Ho
3、wever, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see AnnexA1). By these means,the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to thoseobtained by othe
4、r laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize theTMCservices in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposessuch a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test me
5、thod is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC ma
6、y issue supplementary memoranda related to the method (see Annex A1). For otherinformation, refer to the research report of this test method.31. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specificallyalloys of lead
7、and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the re
8、sponsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD518
9、5 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibitio
10、n of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)5D6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.02
11、on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008May 1, 2013. Published November 2008May 2013. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 asD6594D6594 08.06. DOI: 10.1520/D6594-08.10.1520/D6594-13.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in th
12、is test method by means of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions contained in allInformation Letters through 07-1. Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:Administrator.3 Supporting data have be
13、en filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1443.4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standar
14、ds Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version.
15、Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section a
16、ppears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal surface, and its environmen
17、tthat can produce a deterioration of the material and its properties. D58443.1.2 developer, nof an ASTM test method, the assigned ASTM group, working under the supervision of its governingsubcommittee and main committee, that formats the test method in accordance with the Form and Style for ASTM Sta
18、ndards, andcontinually refines the test method.3.1.3 developer, nof a test procedure, an individual or organization that selects the test apparatus and operating conditions.3.1.4 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.
19、D58443.1.5 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D58443.1.5.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils.3.1.
20、6 specimen, na piece or portion of a sample used to make a test.3.1.7 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organization that is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used in thetest procedure portion of the test method.3.1.7.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a test method for chemica
21、l analysis, an ASTM working group can be the sponsor of a test method. Inother instances, a company with a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the test procedure used within the test method,but is the sponsor of the test method.3.1.8 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in an esta
22、blished procedure. D65574. Summary of Test Method4.1 Four metal specimens of copper, lead, tin, and phosphor bronze are immersed in a measured amount of engine oil. The oil,at an elevated temperature, is blown with air for a period of time. When the test is completed, the copper specimen and the str
23、essedoil are examined to detect corrosion and corrosion products, respectively.4.2 A reference oil is tested with each group of tests to verify test acceptability.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to simulate the corrosion process of non-ferrous metals in diesel lubricants. The
24、 corrosionprocess under investigation is that believed to be induced primarily by inappropriate lubricant chemistry rather than lubricantdegradation or contamination. This test method has been found to correlate with an extensive fleet database containingcorrosion-induced cam and bearing failures.36
25、. Apparatus6.1 The main apparatus consists of the following items of standard wall borosilicate glassware as shown in Figs. 1-6.6.1.1 Main Sample Tube, Fig. 1.6.1.2 Sample Tube Head, Fig. 2.6.1.3 Air Tube, Fig. 3.6.1.4 Thermocouple Tube, Fig. 4.6.1.5 Condenser, Allihn Type, Fig. 5.6.1.6 Assembled Ap
26、paratus, Fig. 6.6.2 Additional glassware items and assembly accessories needed are:6.2.1 Hanger (for metal specimens), of stainless steel, having the dimensions listed in Fig. 7.6.2.2 Adapter, polytetrafluoroethylene for 10/18 joint for sealing of the air tube to the sample tube head.6.3 Other items
27、 and equipment are:6.3.1 Heating bath, with constant temperature control within 60.5C60.5 C of test temperature with an immersion depth of23(23 to 3535) cm. Oil baths are recommended. (WarningThere are exposed hot surfaces on apparatus. Avoid skin contact byuse of protective equipment.)D6594 1326.3.
28、2 Ventilation, to adequately remove fumes during heating.6.3.3 Air Supply, use air from a clean, dry source.6.3.3.1 An air drier is required when air needs to be conditioned. The method used is optional provided the air characteristicsof 6.3.3 are attained. For drying, a satisfactory method is the u
29、se of a glass column containing 8-mesh anhydrous calcium sulfatewith a column diameter such that velocity of air does not exceed 1.2 m/min.6.3.4 Flowmeter, capable of measuring 10(10 6 11) L/h.6.3.5 Syringe, capable of accurately measuring out 100 mL of liquid.FIG. 1 Sample TubeFIG. 2 Sample Tube He
30、adD6594 1336.3.6 Oven, optional, to dry glassware at elevated temperature.6.3.7 Forceps, stainless steel; or gloves (powder free).6.3.8 Thermocouple, or equivalent. Use sheathed thermocouple when the thermocouple is in direct contact with oil. When athermocouple well is used, use a sheathed or unshe
31、athed thermocouple in the well to control sample temperature; fill thermocouplewell with a heat transfer medium.6.3.9 Sanding Block and Holder, for specimen preparation.FIG. 3 Air TubeFIG. 4 Thermocouple TubeD6594 1347. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsUse reagent grade chemicals in all t
32、ests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagentsconform to the specifications maintained by the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society.67.2 Metal Specimens7,86 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washing
33、ton, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.7 Obtain m
34、etal specimens from Test Engineering, Inc. (TEI), 12718 Cimarron Path, San Antonio, TX 78249-3423.FIG. 5 Condenser, Allihn TypeFIG. 6 Assembled ApparatusD6594 1357.2.1 Specimens are 0.081 cm thick by 2.5 cm square, except thatthe lead specimen that is 0.178 cm thick. One specimen fromeach of the fol
35、lowing metal types, each with two drilled holes, is required:7.2.1.1 Copper (R401-A),7.2.1.2 Lead (R401-lead),7.2.1.3 Tin (R401-tin), and7.2.1.4 Phosphor Bronze (R401-PBz).7.3 Abrasive Paper,9 240-grit aluminum oxide and 400-grit silicon carbide. Do not use iron-containing abrasives such as naturale
36、mery.7.4 Cotton, 100 %.7.5 Acetone (ACS), sulfur free. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.6 Glassware Cleaning Solution , Solution, NOCHROMIX.8,10 (WarningCauses severe burns.)7.7 Heptane. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.8 Cleaning SolventCyclohexane or heptane, industrial grade. (WarningBoth a
37、re flammable and health hazards.)7.9 Reference Oil.28. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Cleaning:8.1.1 Rinse all items and the air tube adapter with cleaning solvent to remove residual oil, and air-dry.8.1.2 Wash all glassware items and the air tube adapter with detergent. Rinse with tap water, distilled
38、 water, and dry.8.1.3 The following more thorough glassware cleaning procedure can be used, if it is required for a given situation:8.1.3.1 Fill and immerse all glassware items with glassware cleaning solution (see 7.6) and soak for 3(3 to 1616) h.(WarningCorrosive, causes severe burns.)8.1.3.2 Remo
39、ve glassware from cleaning solution; rinse several times with tap water, followed by distilled water, and oven-dry.8.1.3.3 This more thorough glass cleaning procedure is necessary in a referee situation, unless an alternative glassware cleaningsolution is available whichthat is satisfactory to all p
40、arties involved.8.2 Assembled Apparatus, shown in Fig. 6.8.3 Preparation of Metal Specimens : Specimens:8 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is noted in the adjoining footnote. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information toAST
41、M International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you mayattend.9 Suitable abrasive paper meeting these specifications is included with the metal specimens when the specimens are ordered.10 Obtain NOCHROMIX from
42、 Godax Laboratories, Inc., 720-B Erie Avenue, Takoma Park, MD 20912.NOTE 1All dimensions in mm.FIG. 7 Specimen HangerD6594 1368.3.1 In all succeeding steps, handle the specimens only with stainless steel forceps or powder-free gloves until the finalweighing. If large defects or particles are present
43、 on the metal specimens, remove them first using coarse sandpaper, followed bypolishing with the 240 and 400-grit abrasive papers, as described in 8.3.2.8.3.2 Remove any burrs from the drilled holes with a 116-in. 1.5113 mm, #53 (drill wire gauge) drill bit. Using a sanding blockwith a specimen hold
44、er, remove all surface blemishes from both sides and all four edges of each specimen with 240-grit abrasivepaper. Finish polishing with 400-grit paper wetted by acetone to remove marks from previous polishing.8.3.2.1 Agood technique is to rub the specimen with longitudinal strokes in a direction per
45、pendicular to that used with 240-gritpaper. Use a different sheet of paper for each metal type.8.3.2.2 Make sure that the specimen edges are polished in the same manner as the surfaces. Carry out this procedure usingnormal room lighting and without magnification of the specimen surface. Do not scrib
46、e or otherwise mark the surfaces.8.3.3 Store the polished metal specimens in acetone.8.3.4 Just prior to a test start, remove each specimen from the acetone, and clean all metal dust from the specimen using 100 %cotton. Rub with a light-to-medium touch to remove particles but do not polish the speci
47、men further.8.3.5 Wash specimens in acetone, and allow them to dry in a desiccator.9. Procedure9.1 Add 100(100 6 11) mL of oil to the sample tube by syringe.9.2 Place the specimen hanger onto the air tube, and hang test specimens on their respective hooks.9.2.1 Arrange the specimens on the hanger in
48、 the sequence: lead, copper, tin, and phosphor bronze.9.3 Insert the air tube with the attached specimens into the sample tube so that the air tube rests on the bottom of the sampletube.9.4 Place the sample tube head on the sample tube.9.5 Place the assembled sample tube and condenser into the bath
49、so that the sample tube is submerged 23(23 to 3535) cm inthe bath with the test oil temperature set at 135(135 6 0.5C.0.5) C.9.6 Start the flow of the cooling water through the condenser jacket.9.7 To begin testing, connect the source of clean, dry air (5 6 0.5 L/h)0.5) L/h to the air tube and allow the air to flow for 168h. Use a calibrated flow meter in setting airflow rates.9.8 End of TestAfter 168 h at 135C,135 C, shut off the airflow and disassemble.9.8.1 Remove air supply and disconnect condenser.9.8.2 Remove sample tube from the bath, a
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