ASTM D6599-2000(2014)e1 7686 Standard Practice for Construction of Live Fascines on Slopes《斜坡上活柴笼建造的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D6599 00 (Reapproved 2014)1Standard Practice forConstruction of Live Fascines on Slopes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded editorial changes throughout in September 2014.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the material, fabrication and instal-lation work

3、to construct live fascines.1.2 The values in this standard are in SI units and are to beregarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given inparentheses are for information only.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot repla

4、ceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judg

5、ed, norshould this document be applied without considerations of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the titleof this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipmen

6、t. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1

7、Definitions:2.1.1 live fascine, nin erosion control, a linear bundle oflive cut branches of woody plant material that propagateseasily from cuttings. The bundle is anchored in a shallowtrench and partially covered with soil.2.1.1.1 DiscussionTypically woody plant species (forexample, willow, dogwood

8、, poplar, etc.) are sources for the livecut branches.2.1.2 rolled erosion control product, n a material manu-factured into rolls designed to reduce erosion and assist in thegermination, establishment and/or anchorage of vegetation.2.1.3 dead stout stake, nin erosion control, a wood stakeapproximatel

9、y 0.75 to 1 m (2.5 to 3 ft) in length. Constructdead stout stakes from 50 100 mm (2 4 in.) dimensionallumber cut diagonally along the 100-mm (4-in.) face.2.1.4 live stake, nin erosion control, a woody stem orbranch of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species.Live stakes are approximately 25

10、 to 40 mm (0.5 to 1.5 in.) indiameter and 0.60 to 0.75 m (2 to 2.5 ft) in length with theterminal end sharpened to a point or a steep angular cut. Uselive stakes as additional anchors and propagating material onthe downslope side of live fascine bundles.3. Summary of Practice3.1 A live fascine is co

11、mprised of live cut plant stems andbranches, typically of woody plant species (for example,willow, dogwood, poplar, etc.) that are formed into linearbundles. These bundles are installed in shallow trenches,secured in the trench with wood stakes, then backfilled withenough soil to leave a small porti

12、on on top of the branch bundleexposed. Live fascines assist to control erosion, encouragevegetative top growth establishment and rooting for shallowsoil stabilization.4. Significance and Use4.1 Live fascines are used to provide erosion and sedimen-tation control by increasing infiltration, slowing o

13、r redirectingrunoff, and trapping seed and sediments. The method providesshallow mechanical surface slope stabilization, and providesenhanced values through vegetative growth and additionalshallow soil reinforcement through the development of theroots. The ability of live fascines to function proper

14、ly dependson the quality and choice of the materials used to construct thelive fascine, the means and methods of fabrication andinstallation, and proper consideration of site characteristics andtime of year. For the live fascine to function completely, it isimportant that the live fascine develops s

15、uitable growth.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2014. Published September 2014. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous

16、edition approved in 2008 as D6599 00(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6599-00R14.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Materials5.1 Live Woody Plant Material are woody s

17、tems and branchcuttings of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species.5.1.1 When constructing a live fascine, use only fresh orwell-preserved viable cuttings. Do not use dead plant materialin live fascines. The stems or branches should be long, straightand flexible to allow easy assembly into

18、 bundles. Typically,plants are harvested near the project site within the sameclimatic zone. Cut the plant material in lengths ranging from 2to4m(6to13ft). Greater lengths may be used if handling andsite conditions allow. The caliper (diameter) of cuttings gen-erally range from 12 to 25 mm (0.5 to 1

19、 in.). The greatestsuccess results from cutting and installing vegetation duringthe dormant season. See Figs. 1-3.5.2 Brush Cutting ImplementsCut live vegetation withtools such as pruning shears, loppers, clearing saws, chainsaws,or similar. Do not use axes or blunt implements.5.3 TiesSecure the bun

20、dle of live woody plant materialwith ties mode from baling twine, rope, belts or nylon ties (forexample, electrical ties). Each tie should be long enough toreach around the bundle, and strong enough to keep the bundlesecure.5.4 AnchorsWooden stakes (dead stout stakes) or metalrebar is used to anchor

21、 the live fascine in place.6. Construction6.1 Complete excavation and other earthwork before thelive fascine construction begins. The finished slope surfaceshould be approved prior to installing the live fascine. Asshown in Figs. 2 and 4, the live fanzines and its trenches areperpendicular to the sl

22、opes surface or at a small angle tofacilitate runoff of rain/surface water. Excavate a shallowtrench 150- to 200-cm (6- to 8-in.) deep and wide at theappropriate location. In multiple row configurations excavateall additional trenches. The trench should be slightly shallowerthan the diameter of live

23、 fascines. Temporarily stockpileexcavated material on the uphill side of the trench. Any soilamendments, if needed, should be placed in the bottom andalong the sides of the trench and mixed into the soil, beforeplacing the live fascines.6.2 Harvest live woody plant material using a sharp, cleanbrush

24、-cutting implement. The cuttings may be temporarilystored outdoors in water or in a moist environment for amaximum of 2 days when the outdoor temperature remainsbelow 10C (50F), or refrigerated storage at 1 to 3C (33 to39F) can be used for up to two (2) months, provided humiditylevels are maintained

25、 above 90%.6.3 Assemble the live fascine into bundles approximately150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in.) in diameter. Stagger cuttings tomaintain a reasonably uniform live fascine diameter. Maintainlive fascine uniformity by spacing ties approximately 0.30-m(1-ft) on center.6.4 The installation of live fascine

26、s normally begins at thebottom of the slope and proceeds upward, however alternateprocedures may also be employed. To minimize live fascinedamage while hand transporting them in place, use one personat approximately every 1.5 m (5 ft) of the length to support thebundle.6.5 Place the live fascines in

27、 the trench and secure with thedead stout stake (or other inert anchoring device) drivenvertically through the center of the live fascine at1m(3ft)oncenter. The anchoring device is driven flush with the top of thelive fascines. Use extra stakes at connections and overlaps. Iflive stakes are added, i

28、nstall them on the downhill side of thelive fascines at the same spacing between the dead stout stakes.Remove and replace any live stakes that shatter or break duringinstallation.6.6 Backfill trench to accomplish good soil medium contactwith the live fascine. Do not bury the entire live fascine. The

29、live fascine must have some branches exposed at final grade.Work and tamp the soil through and along either side the livefascine. If necessary, water trench and live fascine to ensuresoil migrates to voids within the live fascine.6.7 To provide temporary erosion protection and to expeditegermination

30、 and establishment of vegetation, seed, mulchFIG. 1 Photograph of Live Fascine Fabrication (Tied Bundles, NotInstalled and Resting on X-Shaped Sawhorses)D6599 00 (2014)12and/or the use of rolled erosion control product may be used inconjunction with live fascines. Apply the seed in the areabetween t

31、he excavated trenches or alongside the live fascine.The seeded areas should be mulched with an appropriate cover.If using a rolled erosion control product, change the installationsequence as follows; excavate the trench and stockpile soil,seed and fertilize between trench rows, install rolled erosio

32、ncontrol product (lined trenches will act as a key for theFIG. 2 Cross-section of Live Fascine (Installed)*For SI Units, replace 2 to 3 inch with 50 to 75 mm, 2- to 3-ft with 0.75 to 1 m and 6 to 8 inches with 150 to 200 mm.NOTE 1Arolled erosion control product was also used in this exampleFIG. 3 Ph

33、otograph of Typical Complete Live Fascine Construc-tionD6599 00 (2014)13blanket), install live fascine and backfill trench/live fascine(see 6.6). Do not seed on top of the rolled erosion controlproduct unless specified by manufacturer.7. Keywords7.1 erosion control; live fascine; soil bioengineering

34、; slopestabilizationSUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard sincethe last edition (D659900(2008) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved August 15, 2014)(1) Fixed units throughout text and figures.(2) Ref

35、erenced figures in text.(3) In Terminology, added limiting phrase to each definitionand added a discussion to the definition of live fascine.(4) In Section 6, adjusted wording for “live fascine” so it isconsistent throughout that section.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity o

36、f any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to

37、 revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.

38、Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is c

39、opyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 4 Photograph of Live Fascines in the First Growing SeasonD6599 00 (2014)14