1、Designation: D6618 10Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke CycleSupercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without outside
3、 assistance.However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides reference oils and an assessment of thetest results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory will know whethertheir use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other
4、laboratories.Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seekingqualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement,in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test met
5、hod is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may
6、 issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle dieselengine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certainhigh-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ringsticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of pis
7、tondeposits. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade andmultiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It iscommonly known as the 1M-PC test (PC for Pre-Chamber) andis used in several API oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see
8、Note 1).NOTE 1Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oilperformance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 arediscussed in SAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can befound in MIL-PRF-2104.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The val
9、ues in parentheses are provided for informa-tion only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
10、of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:TABLE OF CONTENTSScope 1Reference Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Test Engine 6.1Engine Accessories 6.2-6.14Engine Oil System 6.15Cooling System 6.16Fuel System 6.17Int
11、ake Air System 6.18Exhaust System 6.19Blowby Meter 6.20Thermocouples 6.21Parts 6.22Instrumentation 6.23Crankcase Paint 6.24Reagents and Materials 7Fuel 7.1Test Oil 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Safety 8Preparation of Apparatus 9Supplementary Service Information 9.1General Engine Inspect
12、ion 9.2Intake Air System 9.31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils. The test engine sequences were originallydeveloped in 1956 by ASTM Committee D02. Sub
13、sequently, the procedures werepublished in an ASTM Special Technical Publication.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D661808. DOI:10.1520/D6618-10.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, P
14、A15206-4489.The TMC issues Information Letters that supplement this test method. This editionincorporates revisions contained in all information letters through No. 09-1.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Cooling System
15、9.4Engine Cooling System Cleaning 9.5Instrumentation Calibration Requirements 9.6Engine Crankcase Cleaning 9.7Additional Oil Filter 9.8Flushing Procedure Components 9.9Flushing Procedures 9.10Piston Cleaning Preparation 9.11Cylinder Head 9.12Fuel Nozzle 9.13Measurement 9.14Procedure 10Engine Break-i
16、n 10.1Pre-Test Preparations 10.2Warm-up Procedure 10.3Operating Conditions 10.4Periodic Measurements 10.5Engine Oil Level 10.6Oil Addition Procedure 10.7Cool-Down Procedure 10.8Shutdowns 10.9Fuel System 10.10Brake Specific Oil Consumption (BSOC) Calculation 10.11Inspection 11Preparation 11.1Inspecti
17、on 11.2Rater Training 11.3Referee Ratings 11.4Calibration of Test Method 12Requirements 12.1Reference Oils 12.2Test Numbering 12.3Definition of a Test 12.4New Laboratories and New Test Stands 12.5Frequency of Calibration Tests 12.6Specified Test Parameters 12.10Acceptance of Calibration Tests 12.11F
18、ailing Reference Oil Calibration Tests 12.12Non-Standard Tests 12.13Severity Adjustments and Control Charting 12.14Test Reporting 12.15Reporting Reference Results 12.16Analysis of Reference Oils 12.17Precision and Bias 13Precision 13.1Bias 13.2Keywords 14ANNEXESFigures and Schematics Annex A1Report
19、Forms Annex A2Test Fuel Information Annex A3APPENDIXESHumidity Correction Factors Appendix X1Report Form Examples Appendix X21M-PC Multiple Testing Appendix X32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for
20、Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for
21、 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Pet
22、roleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
23、Vis-cosity SystemD2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in MiddleDistillates by Mass SpectrometryD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative D
24、ensity, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD
25、4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity ofTwo-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Li
26、ght-Duty Conditions4D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA DieselEngine4D6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the FuelEconomy of Passenger
27、 Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in theSequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine42.2 SAE Standard:5SAE J304 Engine Oil Tests2.3 Military Standard:6MIL-PRF-2104 Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion En-gine, Combat/Tactical Service3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
28、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers,
29、400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4, Section D,700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5904, Attn: NPODS.D6618 1023. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device wit
30、h respect to that of a standard. D41753.1.2 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is tested against that specification. D58443.1.3 clogging, nthe restriction of a flow path due to theaccumulation of material along the f
31、low path boundaries.D58443.1.4 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas sealant for the piston rings. D58623.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives
32、to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are examples.3.1.5 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil: such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D58443.1.6 purchaser, nof an ASTM
33、test, a person or organiza-tion that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on aspecified product. D62023.1.6.1 DiscussionThe preferred term is purchaser. Dep-recated terms that have been used are client, requester,sponsor, and customer.3.1.7 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-act
34、eristics, used as a basis for comparison D58443.1.7.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils.3.1.8 scuff, scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused byinstantaneous
35、localized welding between surfaces in relativemotion which does not result in immobilization of the parts.D48633.1.9 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface. D53023.1.9.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other and is the res
36、ult ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and chemical actions.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration test, nan engine test conducted on areference oil under carefully prescribed conditions whoseresult is used to determine the suitability of
37、 the enginestand/laboratory to conduct such tests on non-reference oils.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, it can also refer totests conducted on parts to ensure their suitability for use inreference or non-reference tests.3.2.2 test, nany test time accumulated in accordance withthis test method
38、.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Prior to each test run, the power section of the engine(excluding piston assembly) is completely disassembled,solvent-cleaned, measured, and rebuilt in strict accordancewith furnished specifications. A new piston, piston ring assem-bly, and cylinder liner are installed
39、each test. The enginecrankcase is solvent-cleaned, and worn or defective parts arereplaced. The test stand is equipped with appropriate accesso-ries for controlling speed, fuel rate, and various engineoperating conditions. A suitable system for supercharging theengine with humidified and heated air
40、shall also be provided.4.2 Test operation involves the control of the supercharged,single-cylinder diesel test engine for a total of 120 h at a fixedspeed and fuel rate, using the test oil as a lubricant. A 1 hengine break-in precedes each test. At the conclusion of thetest, the piston, rings, and c
41、ylinder liner are examined. Note thedegree of cylinder liner and piston ring wear, the amount andnature of piston deposits present, and whether any rings arestuck.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test method is designed to relate to high-speed,supercharged diesel engine operation and, in particular, t
42、o thedeposit control characteristics and antiwear properties of dieselcrankcase lubricating oils.5.2 The test method is useful for the evaluation of dieselengine oil quality and crankcase oil specification acceptance.This test method, along with others, defines the minimumperformance level of theAPI
43、 categories CF and CF-2 (detailedinformation about passing limits for these categories is in-cluded in Specification D4485). It is also used in MIL-PRF-2104.5.3 The results are significant only when all details of theprocedure are followed. The basic engine used in this testmethod has a precombustio
44、n chamber (as compared to directinjection) and is most useful in predicting performance ofengines similarly equipped. This factor should be consideredwhen extrapolating test results. It has been found useful inpredicting results with high sulfur fuels (that is, greater than 0.5wt %) and with certain
45、 preemission controlled engines. It hasalso been found useful when correlated with deposit control intwo-stroke cycle diesel engines.6. Apparatus6.1 Test EngineAsingle-cylinder Caterpillar diesel oil testengine having a 2.2 L (134.1 in.3) displacement is required.Bore and stroke are 13.0 cm (5.125 i
46、n.) and 16.5 cm (6.5 in.)respectively. The engine arrangement is shown in Fig. A1.1.The supply of test engines and parts is discussed in 6.22. Theengine is equipped with the accessories or equipment listed in6.2 through 6.24.6.2 Air PressureUse a supercharging blower or otherdevice arranged to contr
47、ol air pressure.6.3 Air Intake SystemUse the 1Y38 surge chamber andthe air heater mechanism (see Annex A1) or its equivalent.6.4 HumidityUse a system to control humidity to thespecified test conditions.6.5 Cooling SystemUse a closed, pressurized, circulatingcooling system having an engine-driven cen
48、trifugal waterpump.6.6 Speed/Load ControlsUse a dynamometer or suitableloading device to control engine speed and measure load.D6618 1036.7 StartingUse a suitable starting arrangement capableof 420 Nm (310 lbfft) breakaway and 373 Nm (275 lbfft)sustained torque at approximately 200 r/min.6.8 Exhaust
49、 SystemUse an exhaust system using pipingand an exhaust barrel as specified in Annex A1. A restrictionvalve down stream of the barrel maintains the exhaust gases ata given back pressure as specified in the test conditions.6.9 Data AcquisitionConfigure all stands to acquire dataautomatically for speed, fuel flow, intake air pressure, intakeair temperature, coolant temperature, oil-to-bearing tempera-ture, and oil-to-jet pressure (as a minimum) with closed loopcontrol on speed, intake air temperature, coolant temperature,and oil-to-bearing temperature (
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