1、Designation: D6681 10aD6681 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-CylinderDiesel EngineCaterpillar 1P Test Procedure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory without outside assistance can use the tes
3、t method described inthis standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides calibration oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means the laboratorywill know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar
4、to those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army has such a requirementin some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is
5、written for those laboratoriesthat use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore thoseportions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMCmay modify this method.3 In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary me
6、moranda related to thetest method.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain AmericanPetroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using astandar
7、dized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption ismeasured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other
8、units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size,or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
9、 concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that requ
10、ire safe practices (seeAppendix X2 on Safety).1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus and Installation 6Intake Air System 6.2.1Exhaust System 6.2.2Fuel System 6.2.31 This test method is under
11、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.02on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010May 1, 2013. Published November 2010May 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approv
12、ed in 2010 asD6681D6681 10a.10. DOI: 10.1520/D6681-10A.10.1520/D6681-13.2 ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152064489.3 This edition incorporates revisions contained in all information letters through 10-1.12-1. Users of this test method shall contact the ASTM Test Mo
13、nitoring Center toobtain the most recent information letters.4 Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what change
14、s have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the officia
15、l document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionOil Consumption System 6.2.4Engine Oil System 6.2.5Oil Heating System 6.2.5.1Oil Sample Valve 6.2.5.2En
16、gine Coolant System 6.2.6Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7Reagents and Materials 7Oil Samples 8Preparation of Apparatus 9General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1Complete Engine Inspection 9.2Copper Components 9.3Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4Engine Piston Cooling Jets 9.5Engine Measurements and Inspectio
17、ns 9.6Cylinder Head 9.7Valve Guide Bushings 9.8Fuel Injector 9.9Piston and Rings 9.10Cylinder Liner 9.11Compression Ratio 9.12Engine Timing 9.13Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14Calibration and Standardization 10Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1Instrumentation Standards 10.2Coolant Flow 10.3
18、Re-calibration Requirements 10.4Fuel Injectors 10.5Air Flow 10.6Intake Air Barrel 10.7Fuel Filter 10.8Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.9Calibration of Test Stands 10.10Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.11Test Run Numbering 10.13Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.14Calibration of Piston Deposit Rat
19、ers 10.15Procedure 11Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1Cool-down Procedure 11.2Warm-up Procedure 11.3Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4Periodic Measurements 11.5Engine Control Systems 11.6Engine Coolant 11.6.1Engine Fuel System 11.6.2Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4Intake Air 11.6.5Post-Te
20、st Procedures 11.7Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1Piston Ratings 11.7.2Referee Ratings 11.7.3Ring End Gap Increase 11.7.4Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.5Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.6Photographs 11.7.7Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12Test Validity 12.1Calculations 12.2Quality Index 12.2.1O
21、il Consumption 12.2.2Report 13Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1Test Validity 13.2Report Specifics 13.3Precision and Bias 14Precision 14.1Bias 14.1.4Keywords 15AnnexesEngine and Parts Warranty Annex A1Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations Annex A2Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3Intake
22、Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5D6681 132SectionOil System Annex A6Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping Annex A7Humidity Probe Installation (Location) Annex A8Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form) Annex A9Engine Assembly Information Annex A1
23、0Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A11Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A12Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A13Additional Report Forms Annex A14Test Report Forms Annex A15AppendixesVarious Examples for Reference Purposes Appendix X1Safety Appendix X22. Referenced Doc
24、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copp
25、er Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom C
26、arbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxid
27、ation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass SpectrometryD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrome
28、tryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (PotentiometricMethod)D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatog
29、raphy (Withdrawn 2013)6D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Ba
30、se Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES
31、)D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (Withdrawn2009)6D6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-DutyTrucks in the SequenceVIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)6D6593 Test Method
32、 for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition InternalCombustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel En
33、gineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 SAE Standard:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification72.3 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide to C
34、rankcase Oil Selection85 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.6 The last approved version of this hi
35、storical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.7 Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.8 Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC, 20005.D6681 1333. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, na
36、material added to another, usually in a small amount, to impart or enhance desirable properties or tosuppress undesirable properties. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by internalcombustion engines. D44853.1.3 blind r
37、eference oil, na reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility. D41753.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil which is submitted by a source independent from the test facility.3.1.4 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the the combustion products and
38、 unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation. D41753.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to thatof a standard.3.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which the
39、 testing of reference material(s), conducted as specified in the standard,provided acceptable test results. Sub. B Glossary23.1.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant standard test methods, theASTM Test Monitoring Center provides testing guidance and determinesacceptability.3.1.7 candidate oi
40、l, nan oil which is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.7.1 DiscussionThese oils are mainly submitted for testing as candidates to satisfy a specified performance; hence the designation of the t
41、erm.3.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid contaminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine orresulting from wear. D58623.1.9 dispersant, nin engine oil, an additive that reduces deposits on oil-wetted engine surfaces primarily through suspensionof particles. D41753.1.1
42、0 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings. D58623.1.10.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance certain propert
43、ies. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation and, foaming are examples.3.1.11 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are generally close to the potential maximums. D
44、44853.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D58623.1.13 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually comprising several ingredients, including a major portion of base oil andminor portions of various additives. D417523
45、.1.14 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion,or a combination thereof. D41753.1.15 non-reference
46、 oil, nany oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D41753.1.16 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, person or organization that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on a specifiedproduct. D62023.1.17 reference oil, nan oil of known performance
47、characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.D6681 1343.1.17.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other material (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.18 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of we
48、ar characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in thedirection of sliding. G403.1.19 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion whichdoes not result in immobilization of the parts. D65933.1.20 sponsor, nof an A
49、STM test method, an organization that is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used in thetest procedure portion of the test method. D41753.1.20.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a test method for chemical analysis, an ASTM working group can be the sponsor of the test method.In other instances, a company with a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the test procedure used within the method,but is the sponsor of the test method.3.1.21 used oil, nany oil that has been in a piece of equipment (for example, an engine, gear
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