1、Designation: D6681 16Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-CylinderDiesel EngineCaterpillar 1P Test Procedure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory without outside assistance can use the test method
3、described inthis standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides calibration oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means the laboratorywill know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those o
4、btained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army has such a requirementin some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is written fo
5、r those laboratoriesthat use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore thoseportions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMCmay modify this method.3In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda rel
6、ated to thetest method.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate theperformance of engine oils intended to satisfy certainAmericanPetroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included inSpecification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using astandardized high-speed, si
7、ngle-cylinder diesel engine.4Pistonand ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumptionis measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are alsoexamined for distress and the rings for mobility.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are
8、 included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubingsize, or where there is a sole source supply equipmentspecification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associate
9、d with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an enginetest method, this standard does have definite hazards thatrequire safe practices (see App
10、endix X2 on Safety).1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus and Installation 6Intake Air System 6.2.1Exhaust System 6.2.2Fuel System 6.2.3Oil Consumption System 6.2.4Engine Oil System 6.2.5Oil
11、 Heating System 6.2.5.1Oil Sample Valve 6.2.5.2Engine Coolant System 6.2.6Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7Reagents and Materials 7Oil Samples 8Preparation of Apparatus 9General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1Complete Engine Inspection 9.2Copper Components 9.3Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4Engine Piston
12、Cooling Jets 9.5Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6Cylinder Head 9.7Valve Guide Bushings 9.81This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.Cur
13、rent edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6681 15. DOI:10.1520/D6681-16.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA152064489.3This edition incorporates revisions contained in all informatio
14、n letters through151. Users of this test method shall contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center toobtain the most recent information letters.4Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O.Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
15、 this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionFuel Injector 9.9Piston and Rings 9.10Cylinder Liner 9.11Compression Ratio 9.12Engine Timing 9.13Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14Calibration and Standar
16、dization 10Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1Instrumentation Standards 10.2Coolant Flow 10.3Re-calibration Requirements 10.4Fuel Injectors 10.5Air Flow 10.6Intake Air Barrel 10.7Fuel Filter 10.8Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.9Calibration of Test Stands 10.10Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.11Test Run
17、 Numbering 10.13Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.14Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.15Procedure 11Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1Cool-down Procedure 11.2Warm-up Procedure 11.3Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4Periodic Measurements 11.5Engine Control Systems 11.6Engine Coolant 11.6.1Engine Fuel S
18、ystem 11.6.2Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4Intake Air 11.6.5Post-Test Procedures 11.7Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1Piston Ratings 11.7.2Referee Ratings 11.7.3Ring End Gap Increase 11.7.4Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.5Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.6Photographs 11.7.7Calculation
19、and Interpretation of Results 12Test Validity 12.1Calculations 12.2Quality Index 12.2.1Oil Consumption 12.2.2Report 13Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1Test Validity 13.2Report Specifics 13.3Precision and Bias 14Precision 14.1Bias 14.1.4Keywords 15AnnexesEngine and Parts Warranty Annex A1Instrument Loca
20、tions, Measurements, and Calculations Annex A2Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5Oil System Annex A6Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping Annex A7Humidity Probe Installation (Location) Annex A8Return Goods
21、 Authorization (Claim Form) Annex A9Engine Assembly Information Annex A10Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A11Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A12Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A13Additional Report Forms Annex A14Test Report Forms Annex A15AppendixesVarious Exampl
22、es for Reference Purposes Appendix X1Safety Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petrole
23、um ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Visco
24、s-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Li
25、quid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Dis-tillates by Mass SpectrometryD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method
26、for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur inGasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D3
27、524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4485 Specification for Performance o
28、f Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)5F
29、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D6681 162D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two
30、-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine(Withdrawn 2009)6D6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in theSequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)6D6593 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibi
31、tion of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gaso-line and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-DutyConditionsD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Tes
32、t Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 SAE Standard:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassification72.3 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide to Crank-case Oil Selection82.4 Other ASTM Document:ASTM D
33、eposit Rating Manual 20 (formerly CRC Manual20)93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, na material added to another, usually in asmall amount, to impart or enhance desirable properties or tosuppress undesirable properties. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self
34、-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D44853.1.3 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility. D41753.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil which issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.3
35、.1.4 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the the combustion products and unburned air/fuelmixture that leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcaseduring operation. D41753.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of adevice (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engin
36、e) with respect tothat of a standard.3.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable test results. Sub. B Glossary23.1.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Te
37、st Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability.3.1.7 candidate oil, nan oil which is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.7.1 DiscussionThese oils are mainly submitted
38、fortesting as candidates to satisfy a specified performance; hencethe designation of the term.3.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from wear. D58623.1.9 dispersant, nin engine oil, an additive that reducesd
39、eposits on oil-wetted engine surfaces primarily through sus-pension of particles. D41753.1.10 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear,or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas sealant for the
40、 piston rings. D58623.1.10.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation and, foaming areexamples.3.1.11 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engineoperation, characterized by average speeds, power
41、 output, andinternal temperatures that are generally close to the potentialmaximums. D44853.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D58623.1.13 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually com-prising several ingredients,
42、 including a major portion of baseoil and minor portions of various additives. D417523.1.14 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation,
43、viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or a combination thereof. D41753.1.15 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.16 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, person or organiza-tion that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test
44、method on aspecified product. D62023.1.17 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.17.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other material (such as seals) that
45、interact with oils.D41753.1.18 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wearcharacterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of sliding. G403.1.19 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instan-taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionwhich doe
46、s not result in immobilization of the parts. D65936The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.7Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.8Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St.,
47、 NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.9For Stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM International Customer Service at serviceastm.org.D6681 1633.1.20 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organizationthat is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used
48、 inthe test procedure portion of the test method. D41753.1.20.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a testmethod for chemical analysis, anASTM working group can bethe sponsor of the test method. In other instances, a companywith a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the testprocedure u
49、sed within the method, but is the sponsor of the testmethod.3.1.21 used oil, nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, orturbine), whether operated or not. D41753.1.22 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.23 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof bo
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