ASTM D6684-2004 Standard Specification for Materials and Manufacture of Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment Systems《活节混凝土块(ACB)铺面系统的材料和生产标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D 6684 04Standard Specification forMaterials and Manufacture of Articulating Concrete Block(ACB) Revetment Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis

2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this Standard is to provide specificationsfor articulating concrete block (ACB) revet

3、ment system struc-tural components, material composition and physical proper-ties, manufacturing methods and testing requirements.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis

4、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of CylindricalConcrete SpecimensC 42 Test Method for Obta

5、ining and Testing Drilled Coresand Sawed Beams of ConcreteC 67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 140 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry

6、 Pur-posesC 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry UnitsC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for use as a Mineral Admixture inConcreteC 666 Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid

7、Freezing and ThawingC 1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of Manufactured Concrete Masonry Units and Re-lated Concrete UnitsD 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength ofGeotextilesD 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of GeotextilesD 4833 Test Metho

8、d for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products2.2 Other Documents:American Association of State Highway TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 1995, “Standard Specification forGeotextiles,” AASHTO Designation M 288, February.Koerner, R.M., 1998, “Designing With Geotexti

9、les,” 4thEdition, Prentice-Hall Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.p. 761.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment system,na matrix of interconnected concrete block units sufficientfor erosion protection. Units are connected by geometricinterlock and/or cables,

10、geotextiles, or geogrids, and typicallyinclude a geotextile underlay for subsoil retention.4. Significance and Use4.1 An articulating concrete block system is comprised of amatrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form anerosion-resistant revetment with specific hydraulic perfor-mance

11、 characteristics. The system includes a filter layercompatible with the subsoil which allows infiltration andexfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. Thefilter layer may be comprised of a geotextile, properly gradedgranular media, or both. The blocks within the matrix shall bedense

12、and durable, and the matrix shall be flexible and porous.4.2 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provideerosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forcesof flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in thisStandard, implies the ability of individual blocks of the syste

13、m1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved

14、 in 2001 as D 668401.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr

15、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.to conform to changes in subgrade while remaining intercon-nected by virtue of geometric interlock and/or additionalsystem components such as cables, ropes, geotextiles, orgeogrids.4.3 The definition of articulating concrete

16、block systemsdoes not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlockingblock geometries, between cable-tied and non- cable-tiedsystems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems orbetween methods of manufacturing or placement. Furthermore,the definition does not restrict or limit the block siz

17、e, shape,strength, or longevity; however, guidelines and recommenda-tions regarding these factors are incorporated into this Stan-dard. Block systems are available in either open-cell orclosed-cell configurations.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials Specifications: Cementitious MaterialsMateria

18、ls shall conform to the following applicable ASTMstandards:Portland Cements C 150Blended Cements C 595Hydrated Lime Types C 207Pozzolans C 6185.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTM speci-fications, except that grading requirements shall not necessarilyapply:Normal Weight C 33Light Weight

19、 C 3315.3 Physical PropertiesAt the time of delivery to thework site, the units shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1.5.3.1 In addition to Table 1, when freeze-thaw durabilitytesting is required, such testing shall be performed in accor-dance with Test Methods C 67, C 666,

20、or C 1262, at thedirection of the Owner. The number of freeze-thaw cycles andthe corresponding weight loss criterion for pass-fail determi-nation shall be specified by the Owner along with the testmethod.5.3.2 Overall dimensions for width, height, and length shalldiffer by not more than 6 1/8 in. (3

21、.2 mm) from the specifiedstandard dimensions.5.4 Geotextile FilterThe geotextile filter shall be in com-pliance with the project specifications, in consideration of itscompatibility with the underlying soil subgrade. Minimumstrength requirements are provided in Table 2.5.4.1 GeotextileSubsoil compat

22、ibility assessment shallinclude functional requirements for permeability, particle re-tention, and resistance to clogging. Physical property require-ments for permittivity, aperture size, percent open area, andUV stability should be based on site-specific soil characteris-tics, site conditions, and

23、construction techniques. Applicablereferences for conducting compatibility assessments include:Koemer, R.M., 1998, “Designing With Geotextiles,” 4thEdition, Prentice-Hall Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. p.761.5.5 Revetment Cable and Fittings:5.5.1 For cabled systems, the revetment cable or rope a

24、ndfittings shall be designed to provide adequate strength anddurability characteristics to facilitate lifting and placing oflarge mattresses.5.5.2 Fittings such as sleeves, clamps and stops shall be asrequired by the manufacturer. Selection of cable or rope andfittings shall be made in a manner that

25、 insures a safe designfactor for mats being lifted from one or both ends. Consider-ation shall be taken for the bending of the cables or ropesaround hooks or pins during lifting. Revetment cable or rope,splice fittings, sleeves and stops shall be selected so that thecable or rope and all connections

26、 result in a minimumfactor-of-safety of 5.0 with respect to lifting.5.5.3 For those systems performance tested with, and thatrely on cables, ropes, or other non-concrete components tomaintain the block-to-block interconnection, the cables, ropes,and/or non-concrete components shall also meet the des

27、ign lifeof the project.5.6 Block Production:5.6.1 Articulating concrete blocks may be produced at ablock plant or onsite using either wet-cast or dry-cast produc-tion techniques, provided that the composition and physicalcharacteristics of the furnished units meet the requirements of5.1-5.3.5.7 Matr

28、ix Assembly:5.7.1 Non-Cabled SystemNon-cabled articulating con-crete block systems are typically palletized, cured, and shippedto the job site. Non-cabled systems may also be assembled on,and/or glued to, a high-strength geotextile fabric which is usedto carry the articulated block mattress.5.7.2 Ca

29、bled SystemCabled articulating concrete blockrevetment systems can be assembled into mattresses, typicallyup to 480 square feet (45 square meters). Whole mat produc-tion can occur at the block plant or at the project. Theindividual blocks are typically placed in their respective matrixpositions on a

30、 work surface, and the cables or ropes areinserted through the core holes in the block. Once the blockshave been assembled into a mattress, the ends of the cable orrope are secured as necessary based on the characteristics ofthe system. Wetcast mattresses can be poured with the cables orTABLE 1 Phys

31、ical RequirementsMinimum Compressive Strength, lb/in2Maximum Water Absorption, lb/ft3Minimum Density (in air), lb/ft3Average of 3 units Individual Unit Average of 3 units Individual Unit Average of 3 units Individual Unit4,000 3,500 9.1 11.7 130 125NOTEFor units produced by a wet-cast method, tests

32、shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods C 39 and C 42. For units produced by adry-cast method, tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods C 140.D6684042ropes integral to the blocks both laterally and longitudinally atthe time of production. With this method, cable-end sleeve

33、s arenot necessary.6. Sampling and Testing6.1 Manufacturer shall provide test data showing that con-crete products manufactured within the previous 24 months ofanticipated ACB placement have met the requirements of thisStandard.6.2 Manufacturer shall provide access to lots ready fordelivery to the p

34、urchaser or his authorized representative forsampling and testing in accordance with the procedures speci-fied in this Standard prior to the commencement of ACBplacement.6.3 For the compressive strength, water absorption, and unitweight (density) determinations, three samples shall be takenfrom each

35、 lot of 50,000 units (i.e., individual blocks) orfraction thereof. Additional samples may be taken at thediscretion of the purchaser.6.4 For the compressive strength, water absorption, and unitweight (density) determinations, specimens shall be obtainedfrom the samples and tested in accordance with

36、Test MethodsD 39 and D 42 for blocks produced by a wet cast method or inaccordance with Test Methods C 140 for blocks produced by adry-cast method.6.5 Samples for compressive strength testing.6.5.1 For blocks produced by wet-cast methods, samplecylinders, cores or coupons shall use a height to thick

37、ness ratioof not less than 1:1 nor greater than 2:1 for purposes ofcompressive strength testing. The minimum thickness (ordiameter) shall be 1.5 in. (38 mm). Care shall be taken toachieve square-cut ends and to ensure proper capping prior totesting.6.5.2 For blocks produced by dry-cast methods, samp

38、lecoupons shall have a height to thickness ratio of 2:1 and alength to thickness ratio of 4:1 for purposes of compressivestrength testing. The minimum thickness shall be 1.5 in. (38mm). The coupon shall be cut from the unit such that thecoupon height dimension is the same direction as the unitheight

39、 dimension.6.6 Samples shall be 100 % solid and shall not contain cableholes or other voids.6.7 The compressive strength of the sample shall be con-sidered to be the net area compressive strength of the full sizeunit.7. Compliance7.1 In the event that a sample fails to conform to thespecified requir

40、ements, the manufacturer may sort the ship-ment and test new units, selected at random by the purchaserfrom the retained lot. If the second set of tests also fails toconform to the specified requirements, the entire lot may berejected.NOTE 1Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost

41、oftests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show thatthe units do not conform to the requirements of this Standard, the cost istypically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that theunits conform to the requirements of this Standard, the cost is typica

42、llyborne by the purchaser.8. Quality Assurance8.1 All units shall be sound and free of defects that wouldinterfere with proper placement or that would impair thestrength or longevity of the installation.8.2 Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manu-facture, or chipping that results from cu

43、stomary methods ofhandling in shipping, delivery and placement shall not bedeemed grounds for rejection provided the requirements of 8.1are met.9. Keywords9.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems;channel; channel stability; erosion; erosion control; open-channel flow; revetmentsTABLE

44、2 Geotextile Strength Requirements (AASHTO M-288)Class 1 Class 2 Class 3Property ASTM TestMethodsUnits Elongation50%AElongation50%AElongation50%AGrab Strength D 4632 lb 315 200 250 160 180 110Sewn SeamStrengthBD 4632 lb 270 180 220 140 160 100Tear Strength D 4533 lb 110 80 90C55 70 40Puncture Streng

45、th D 4833 lb 110 80 90 55 70 40AAs measured in accordance with Test Method D 4632.BWhen seams are required.CThe required Minimum Average Roll Value (MARV) tear strength for woven monofilament geotextiles is 55 lb.NOTERequired geotextile class for permanent erosion control design is designated below

46、for the indicated application. The severity of installationconditions generally dictates the required geotextile class.Class 1 is recommended for harsh or severe installation conditions where there is a greater potential for geotextile damage, including irregular sectionswhere repeated mattress lift

47、ing, realignment, and replacing is expected, or when vehicular traffic on the installation is anticipated.Class 2 is recommended for installation conditions where mattress placement in regular, even reaches is expected and little or no vehicular traffic on theinstallation will occur, or when hand-pl

48、acing on a graded surface of native soils.Class 3 is specified for the least severe installation environments, typically hand-placed systems (zero drop height) on a bedding layer of graded sand,road base aggregate, or other select imported material.D6684043ASTM International takes no position respec

49、ting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addresse