1、Designation: D6684 04 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forMaterials and Manufacture of Articulating Concrete Block(ACB) Revetment Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this Standard is to provide specificationsfor articulating concrete bl
3、ock (ACB) revetment system struc-tural components, material composition and physical proper-ties, manufacturing methods and testing requirements.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stand
4、ard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC42/C
5、42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC207 Specification for Hydr
6、ated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry UnitsC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid
7、 Freezing and ThawingC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units andRelated Concrete UnitsD4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength ofGeotextilesD4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of GeotextilesD4833 Test Method
8、 for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeomembranes and Related Products2.2 Other Documents:American Association of State Highway TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 1995, “Standard Specification forGeotextiles,” AASHTO Designation M 288, February.Koerner, R.M., 1998, “Designing With Geotextiles,” 4thEditio
9、n, Prentice-Hall Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.p. 761.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment system,na matrix of interconnected concrete block units sufficientfor erosion protection. Units are connected by geometricinterlock and/or cables, geotextiles, or
10、 geogrids, and typicallyinclude a geotextile underlay for subsoil retention.4. Significance and Use4.1 An articulating concrete block system is comprised of amatrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form anerosion-resistant revetment with specific hydraulic perfor-mance characteristic
11、s. The system includes a filter layercompatible with the subsoil which allows infiltration andexfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. Thefilter layer may be comprised of a geotextile, properly gradedgranular media, or both. The blocks within the matrix shall bedense and durable, an
12、d the matrix shall be flexible and porous.4.2 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provideerosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forcesof flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in this1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soiland
13、 Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D668404. DOI:10.1520/D6684-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standard
14、s, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
15、9428-2959, United States.Standard, implies the ability of individual blocks of the systemto conform to changes in subgrade while remaining intercon-nected by virtue of geometric interlock and/or additionalsystem components such as cables, ropes, geotextiles, orgeogrids.4.3 The definition of articula
16、ting concrete block systemsdoes not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlockingblock geometries, between cable-tied and non- cable-tiedsystems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems orbetween methods of manufacturing or placement. Furthermore,the definition does not restrict or limit
17、 the block size, shape,strength, or longevity; however, guidelines and recommenda-tions regarding these factors are incorporated into this Stan-dard. Block systems are available in either open-cell orclosed-cell configurations.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials Specifications: Cementitious Ma
18、terialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable ASTMstandards:Portland Cements C150Blended Cements C595Hydrated Lime Types C207Pozzolans C6185.2 Aggregates shall conform to the followingASTM speci-fications, except that grading requirements shall not necessarilyapply:Normal Weight C33Ligh
19、t Weight C3315.3 Physical PropertiesAt the time of delivery to thework site, the units shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1.5.3.1 In addition to Table 1, when freeze-thaw durabilitytesting is required, such testing shall be performed in accor-dance with Test Methods C67, C
20、666/C666M,orC1262,atthedirection of the Owner. The number of freeze-thaw cycles andthe corresponding weight loss criterion for pass-fail determi-nation shall be specified by the Owner along with the testmethod.5.3.2 Overall dimensions for width, height, and length shalldiffer by not more than 6 1/8
21、in. (3.2 mm) from the specifiedstandard dimensions.5.4 Geotextile FilterThe geotextile filter shall be in com-pliance with the project specifications, in consideration of itscompatibility with the underlying soil subgrade. Minimumstrength requirements are provided in Table 2.5.4.1 GeotextileSubsoil
22、compatibility assessment shallinclude functional requirements for permeability, particle re-tention, and resistance to clogging. Physical property require-ments for permittivity, aperture size, percent open area, andUV stability should be based on site-specific soil characteris-tics, site conditions
23、, and construction techniques. Applicablereferences for conducting compatibility assessments include:Koerner, R.M., 1998, “Designing With Geotextiles,” 4thEdition, Prentice-Hall Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. p.761.5.5 Revetment Cable and Fittings:5.5.1 For cabled systems, the revetment cable or
24、 rope andfittings shall be designed to provide adequate strength anddurability characteristics to facilitate lifting and placing oflarge mattresses.5.5.2 Fittings such as sleeves, clamps and stops shall be asrequired by the manufacturer. Selection of cable or rope andfittings shall be made in a mann
25、er that insures a safe designfactor for mats being lifted from one or both ends. Consider-ation shall be taken for the bending of the cables or ropesaround hooks or pins during lifting. Revetment cable or rope,splice fittings, sleeves and stops shall be selected so that thecable or rope and all conn
26、ections result in a minimumfactor-of-safety of 5.0 with respect to lifting.5.5.3 For those systems performance tested with, and thatrely on cables, ropes, or other non-concrete components tomaintain the block-to-block interconnection, the cables, ropes,and/or non-concrete components shall also meet
27、the design lifeof the project.5.6 Block Production:5.6.1 Articulating concrete blocks may be produced at ablock plant or onsite using either wet-cast or dry-cast produc-tion techniques, provided that the composition and physicalcharacteristics of the furnished units meet the requirements of5.1-5.3.5
28、.7 Matrix Assembly:5.7.1 Non-Cabled SystemNon-cabled articulating con-crete block systems are typically palletized, cured, and shippedto the job site. Non-cabled systems may also be assembled on,and/or glued to, a high-strength geotextile fabric which is usedto carry the articulated block mattress.5
29、.7.2 Cabled SystemCabled articulating concrete blockrevetment systems can be assembled into mattresses, typicallyup to 480 square feet (45 square meters). Whole mat produc-tion can occur at the block plant or at the project. Theindividual blocks are typically placed in their respective matrixpositio
30、ns on a work surface, and the cables or ropes areinserted through the core holes in the block. Once the blockshave been assembled into a mattress, the ends of the cable orrope are secured as necessary based on the characteristics ofthe system. Wetcast mattresses can be poured with the cables orropes
31、 integral to the blocks both laterally and longitudinally atthe time of production. With this method, cable-end sleeves arenot necessary.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsMinimum Compressive Strength, lb/in2Maximum Water Absorption, lb/ft3Minimum Density (in air), lb/ft3Average of 3 units Individual Unit
32、 Average of 3 units Individual Unit Average of 3 units Individual Unit4,000 3,500 9.1 11.7 130 125NOTEFor units produced by a wet-cast method, tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods C39/C39M and C42/C42M. For unitsproduced by a dry-cast method, tests shall be conducted in accordanc
33、e with Test Methods C140.D6684 04 (2010)26. Sampling and Testing6.1 Manufacturer shall provide test data showing that con-crete products manufactured within the previous 24 months ofanticipated ACB placement have met the requirements of thisStandard.6.2 Manufacturer shall provide access to lots read
34、y fordelivery to the purchaser or his authorized representative forsampling and testing in accordance with the procedures speci-fied in this Standard prior to the commencement of ACBplacement.6.3 For the compressive strength, water absorption, and unitweight (density) determinations, three samples s
35、hall be takenfrom each lot of 50,000 units (i.e., individual blocks) orfraction thereof. Additional samples may be taken at thediscretion of the purchaser.6.4 For the compressive strength, water absorption, and unitweight (density) determinations, specimens shall be obtainedfrom the samples and test
36、ed in accordance with Test MethodsC39/C39M and C42/C42M for blocks produced by a wet castmethod or in accordance with Test Methods C140 for blocksproduced by a dry-cast method.6.5 Samples for compressive strength testing.6.5.1 For blocks produced by wet-cast methods, samplecylinders, cores or coupon
37、s shall use a height to thickness ratioof not less than 1:1 nor greater than 2:1 for purposes ofcompressive strength testing. The minimum thickness (ordiameter) shall be 1.5 in. (38 mm). Care shall be taken toachieve square-cut ends and to ensure proper capping prior totesting.6.5.2 For blocks produ
38、ced by dry-cast methods, samplecoupons shall have a height to thickness ratio of 2:1 and alength to thickness ratio of 4:1 for purposes of compressivestrength testing. The minimum thickness shall be 1.5 in. (38mm). The coupon shall be cut from the unit such that thecoupon height dimension is the sam
39、e direction as the unitheight dimension.6.6 Samples shall be 100 % solid and shall not contain cableholes or other voids.6.7 The compressive strength of the sample shall be con-sidered to be the net area compressive strength of the full sizeunit.7. Compliance7.1 In the event that a sample fails to c
40、onform to thespecified requirements, the manufacturer may sort the ship-ment and test new units, selected at random by the purchaserfrom the retained lot. If the second set of tests also fails toconform to the specified requirements, the entire lot may berejected.NOTE 1Unless otherwise specified in
41、the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show thatthe units do not conform to the requirements of this Standard, the cost istypically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that theunits conform to the requirements of this
42、 Standard, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.8. Quality Assurance8.1 All units shall be sound and free of defects that wouldinterfere with proper placement or that would impair thestrength or longevity of the installation.8.2 Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manu-facture, or
43、chipping that results from customary methods ofhandling in shipping, delivery and placement shall not bedeemed grounds for rejection provided the requirements of 8.1are met.9. Keywords9.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems;channel; channel stability; erosion; erosion control; open-c
44、hannel flow; revetmentsTABLE 2 Geotextile Strength Requirements (AASHTO M-288)Class 1 Class 2 Class 3Property ASTM TestMethodsUnits Elongation50%AElongation50%AElongation50%AGrab Strength D4632 lb 315 200 250 160 180 110Sewn SeamStrengthBD4632 lb 270 180 220 140 160 100Tear Strength D4533 lb 110 80
45、90C55 70 40Puncture Strength D4833 lb 090557040AAs measured in accordance with Test Method D4632.BWhen seams are required.CThe required Minimum Average Roll Value (MARV) tear strength for woven monofilament geotextiles is 55 lb.NOTERequired geotextile class for permanent erosion control design is de
46、signated below for the indicated application. The severity of installationconditions generally dictates the required geotextile class.Class 1 is recommended for harsh or severe installation conditions where there is a greater potential for geotextile damage, including irregular sectionswhere repeate
47、d mattress lifting, realignment, and replacing is expected, or when vehicular traffic on the installation is anticipated.Class 2 is recommended for installation conditions where mattress placement in regular, even reaches is expected and little or no vehicular traffic on theinstallation will occur,
48、or when hand-placing on a graded surface of native soils.Class 3 is specified for the least severe installation environments, typically hand-placed systems (zero drop height) on a bedding layer of graded sand,road base aggregate, or other select imported material.D6684 04 (2010)3ASTM International t
49、akes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional stand
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