1、Designation: D 6695 03bStandard Practice forXenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions foraccelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products inxenon arc dev
3、ices conducted according to Practices G 151 andG 155. This practice also covers the preparation of test speci-mens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluationof test results. Table 1 describes commonly used test condi-tions.NOTE 1ISO 11341:1994 also describes xenon-arc exposures of
4、paintsand coatings. However, the exposure conditions described in ISO 11341are different than those listed in Table 1.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
5、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of Coatings2D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss3D 609 Practice for Preparation of Col
6、d-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating Products3D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting onPainted Steel Surfaces2D 659 Method of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exte-rior Paints4D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExteri
7、or Paints3D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior Paints3D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaints3D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior Paints3D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, an
8、d Related Products on Test Panels3D 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers3D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measuremen
9、t ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely Illuminated Opaque Materials3D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting5D 2244 Practice for Cal
10、culation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences From Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates3D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence with a Gray Scale3D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by TapeTest3D 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Mater
11、ials3D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating Degree of Chalking ofExterior Paint Films3D 5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Indexof Plastics6E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method7E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color Difference Me
12、a-sured by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry3G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials8G 141 Guide forAddressing Variability in Exposure Testingon Nonmetallic Materials8G 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natura
13、l andArtificial Weathering Tests81This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Origi
14、nallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6695 - 03a.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.4Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
15、 Vol 08.03.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.8Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices That Use La
16、boratory LightSources8G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon-Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials8G 169 Guide forApplication of Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering Tests82.2 ISO Standards:ISO 11341:1994 Paints and VarnishesArtificial Weather-ing and Exposure to Artificial Radiatio
17、nExposure toFiltered Xenon-Arc Radiation92.3 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:SAE J1885, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorTrim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance WaterCooled Xenon Arc Apparatus10SAE J1960, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using a Controll
18、ed Irradiance Water CooledXenon Arc Apparatus103. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113are appli-cable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration ofits physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light,heat, and
19、water can be very significant for many applications.This practice is intended to induce property changes associatedwith end use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,9Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10Available from So
20、ciety of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc Exposure Testing of Paints and Related CoatingsACycle Number Cycle DescriptionBUninsulated BlackPanel, TemperatureCTypical IrradianceDTypical UsesE1 Continuous light102
21、 min light only at 50 % 6 5%RH18 min light and water sprayFRepeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmGeneral coatings andhistorical conventionG2 18 h continuous light using:102 min light only at 50 % 6 5%RH18 min light and water spray6 h dark using
22、:95 % relative humidity (no water spray)Repeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F24 6 1.5C43 6 3F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmGeneral coatings3 4 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH4 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from
23、 300-400 nmExterior pigmented stains4 12 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH12 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmExterior wood stainsand clears5 8 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH10 h light and water spray6 h dark with water sprayRepeat con
24、tinuously63 6 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmMarine enamels6 40 min light at 50 % 6 5%RH20 min light and water spray60 min light at 50 % 6 5%RH60 min dark at 95 % 6 5%RH(water spray on front and back of specimens)Repeat continuously70 6 2C(1586 4F)70 6 2C(1586
25、4F)38 6 2C(1006 4F)0.55 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm65.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmAutomotive exteriorH7 3.8 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH1.0 h dark at 95 % 6 5%RHRepeat continuously89 6 3C(1926 5F)38 6 2C(1006 4F)0.55 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm65.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmAutomotive interiorHAThe cycles descr
26、ibed are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications shown.BAs stated in 5.2, the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the xenon lamp shall conform to the requirements of Practice G 155 for a xenon lamp with daylight filters.CUnless otherwi
27、se indicated, black panel temperatures apply during light-only portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without a sprayperiod. For light intervals shorter than 30 min, the black panel temperature might not reach equilibrium. Unless otherwise specified, add 6C (11F) t
28、o the temperature givenfor the uninsulated black panel when an insulated black panel is used. Practice G 151 provides more information on the temperatures indicated by insulated anduninsulated black panels, which can depend on irradiance level, and the type of xenon-arc filter used.DThe irradiance v
29、alues given are those that have historically been used. In devices capable of producing higher irradiance, the actual irradiance used may be higherthan the stated values. For example, Japanese auto industry specifications allow use of exposures according to Cycle 1 with 300 to 400 nm irradiance of u
30、p to 180 W/m2.ETypical uses does not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.FUnless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surface of the test specimens.GThis cycle has
31、been used for coatings by historical convention and may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.HThe SPD of the xenon lamp with the filters required in SAE standards J1960 and J1885 does not meet the requirements of Practice G 155 for a xenon lamp withdaylight filters.D 6695 03b2mois
32、ture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notintended to simulate the deterioration caused by localizedweather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biologicalattack, and salt water exposure.4.2 CautionVariation in results may be expected whendifferent operating conditions are used. T
33、herefore, no referenceto the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied bya report prepared according to Section 10 that describes thespecific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 fordetailed information on the caveats applicable to use of resultsobtained according to this p
34、ractice.NOTE 2Additional information on sources of variability and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and dataanalysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from a xenon-arc is significantly diffe
35、rent from that produced in light andwater exposure devices using carbon-arc or other light sources.The type and rate of degradation and the performance rankingsproduced by exposures to xenon-arcs can be much differentfrom those produced by exposures to other types of laboratorylight sources.4.2.2 In
36、terlaboratory comparisons are valid only when alllaboratories use the same light source, filter type, and exposureconditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other
37、materials or to a control.11,12Therefore, exposure of a similarmaterial of known performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommendedthat at least three replicates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test r
38、esults will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment according to Practice G 155. Significantfactors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts orother deposits from water, temperature and humidity control,and condition and age of the burner and filters.4.5 All referenc
39、es to exposures in accordance with thispractice must include a complete description of the test cycleused.5. Safety Hazards5.1 Warning: Never look directly at the xenon-arc becauseUV radiation can damage the eye. Most xenon-arc machinesare equipped with door safety switches, but users of oldequipmen
40、t must be certain to turn the power to the lamp offbefore opening the test-chamber door.5.2 Xenon-arc lamps should be at or near room temperaturebefore handling.6. Apparatus6.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conforms to the require-ments defined in Practices G 151 and G 155.6.2 Unless otherwise specif
41、ied, the spectral power distribu-tion of the xenon-arc shall conform to the requirements inPractice G 155 for xenon-arc with daylight filters.7. Test Specimens7.1 Apply the coating to flat (plane) panels with the sub-strate, method of preparation, method of application, coatingsystem, film thickness
42、, and method of drying consistent withthe anticipated end use, or as mutually agreed upon betweenthe producer and user.7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation includebut are not limited to Practices D 609, D 1730, or SpecificationD 358. Select panel sizes suitable for use with the exposu
43、reapparatus.7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with Practices D 823 andthen measure the film thickness in accordance with an appro-priate procedure selected from Test Methods D 1005, D 1186,or D 1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred becausepanels so measured need not be repaired.7.4 Prior to ex
44、posing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-tion them at 23 6 2C (73 6 3F) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for one of the following periods in accordance withthe type of coating:Baked coatings 24 hRadiation-cured coatings 24 hAll other coatings 7 days min7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test
45、 specimensmay be used if agreed upon between all interested parties.7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder is covered.Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the testarea.7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least
46、three repli-cate specimens of each test and control material.7.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G 147 foridentification and conditioning and handling of specimens oftest, control, and reference materials prior to, during, and afterexposure.7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the
47、purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since themasked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.7.9 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of
48、 allmaterials evaluated.7.9.1 When destructive tests are run, it is recommended thata sufficient number of file specimens be retained so that theproperty of interest can be determined on unexposed filespecimens each time exposed materials are evaluated.NOTE 3Since the stability of the file specimen
49、may also be time-dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods, orwhere small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen may not be valid.Nondestructive instrumental measurements are recommended wheneverpossible.11Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-ExposureStandard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of OrganicMaterials, ASTM STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, Eds, ASTM,1993.12Ketola, W., and
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