ASTM D6751-2009 431 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels.pdf

1、Designation: D 6751 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forBiodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle DistillateFuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas

2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15and S500 for use as a blend component

3、 with middle distillatefuels.1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofdiesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specificationrequirements may be applied at other points in the productionand distribution system when provided by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the suppl

4、ier.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel maybe blended. For more infor

5、mation on the subject, see Guide D 4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4.1 ExceptionIn Annex A1, the values stated in SI unitsare to be regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for info

6、rmation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 445 Test Method for

7、 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 87

8、4 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsa

9、t Reduced PressureD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Poi

10、nt of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point

11、of DistillateFuelsD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petr

12、oleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbi

13、ne, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1999 as PS 12199. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D 675102. Lastprevious edition approved in 2008 as D 675108.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM

14、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh

15、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue(Micro Method)D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4865

16、Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD 5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory

17、 FiltrationD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D 6217 Test Method for Particulate Cont

18、amination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsD 6450 Test Method for Flash Point by ContinuouslyClosed Cup (CCCFP) TesterD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in F

19、uels andFuel SystemsD 6584 Test Method for Determination of Free and TotalGlycerin in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chro-matographyD 6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD 7039 Test Met

20、hod for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD 7397 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Miniaturized Optical Method)2.2 Government Standard:40 CFR Part 79 Registration of Fuels and Fuel AdditivesSection 211(b) Clean Ai

21、r Act32.3 Other Documents:4UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by Wet Ashing and ICP-OESUOP 39191 Trace Metals in Petroleum Products or Organ-ics by AASEN 14112 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-ated oxidation test)5EN 14110 Fat and oil deriv

22、ativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of methanol content5EN 14538 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of Ca, K, Mg and Na content byoptical emission spectral analysis with inductivelycoupled plasma (ICP OES)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, n

23、fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.1.1 Discussionbiodiesel, as defined above, is regis-tered with the U.S. EPA as a fuel and a fuel additive underSection 211(b) of the Clean Air Act. There is, however, otherusag

24、e of the term biodiesel in the marketplace. Due to its EPAregistration and the widespread commercial use of the termbiodiesel in the U.S. marketplace, the term biodiesel will bemaintained for this specification.3.1.1.2 DiscussionBiodiesel is typically produced by areaction of a vegetable oil or anim

25、al fat with an alcohol such asmethanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yieldmono-alkyl esters and glycerin, which is removed. The finishedbiodiesel derives approximately 10 % of its mass from thereacted alcohol. The alcohol used in the reaction may or maynot come from renewable resources

26、.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 biodiesel fuel, nsynonym for biodiesel.3.1.4 diesel fuel, nmiddle petroleum distillate fuel.3.1.5 free

27、glycerin, na measure of the amount of glycerinremaining in the fuel.3.1.6 Grade S15 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D 6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 15 ppm maximum.3.1.7 Grade S500 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D 6751 and having a sulfur specif

28、icationof 500 ppm maximum.3.1.8 middle distillate fuel, nkerosines and gas oils boil-ing between approximately 150C and 400C at normal atmo-spheric pressure and having a closed-cup flash point above38C.3.1.9 total glycerin, nthe sum of the free glycerin and theglycerin portion of any unreacted or pa

29、rtially reacted oil or fat.4. Requirements4.1 The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animalfats.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, samples for analysis shall betaken by the procedure described in Practices D 4057 orD 4177.4.3 The biod

30、iesel specified shall conform to the detailedrequirements shown in Table 1.NOTE 2A considerable amount of experience exists in the U.S. witha 20 % blend of biodiesel, primarily produced from soybean oil, with80 % diesel fuel (B20). Experience with biodiesel produced from animalfat and other oils is

31、similar. Experience with B20 and lower blends in otherapplications is not as prevalent. Although biodiesel (B100) can be used,3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available from ASTM International, 1

32、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,West Conshohocken, PA. Visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTMCustomer Service at serviceastm.org.5Available from the National CEN Members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC19 secretariat (astmnen.nl).D6751092blends of over 20 %

33、biodiesel with diesel fuel (B20) should be evaluatedon a case by case basis until further experience is available.NOTE 3The user should consult the equipment manufacturer orowners manual regarding the suitability of using biodiesel or biodieselblends in a particular engine or application.5. Test Met

34、hods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods.5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Methods D 3828 orD 6450 can also be used. The precision and bias of TestMethods D 3828 and D

35、6450 with biodiesel is not known andis currently under investigation. Test Methods D93shall be thereferee method.5.1.2 Water and SedimentTest Method D 2709. TestMethod D 1796 may also be used. Test Method D 2709 shall bethe referee method. The precision and bias of these testmethods with biodiesel i

36、s not known and is currently underinvestigation.5.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D 445.5.1.4 Sulfated AshTest Method D 874.5.1.5 Oxidation StabilityTest Method EN 14112.5.1.6 SulfurTest Method D 5453. Test Method D 7039may also be used. Other test methods may also be suitable fordetermining up to 0.05 % (

37、500 ppm) sulfur in biodiesel fuelssuch as Test Methods D 1266, D 2622, D 3120 and D 4294 butmay provide falsely high results (see X1.5) although theirprecision and bias with biodiesel is unknown. Test MethodD 5453 shall be the referee test method.5.1.7 CorrosionTest Method D 130, 3 h test at 50C.5.1

38、.8 Cetane NumberTest Method D 613. Test MethodD 6890 may also be used. Test Method D 613 shall be thereferee method.5.1.9 Cloud PointTest Method D 2500. Test MethodD 5773 or D 7397 may also be used. Test Method D3117mayalso be used because it is closely related. Test Method D 2500shall be the refere

39、e test method. The precision and bias of TestMethod D3117 for biodiesel is not known and is currentlyunder investigation.5.1.10 Acid NumberTest Method D 664. Test MethodsD 3242 or D 974 may also be used. Test Method D 664 shall bethe referee test method.5.1.11 Carbon ResidueTest Method D 4530. A 100

40、 %sample shall replace the 10 % residual, with percent residue inthe original sample reported using the 10 % residual calcula-tion (see X1.9.1). Test Methods D 189 or D 524 may also beused. Test Method D 4530 shall be the referee method.5.1.12 Total GlycerinTest Method D 6584.5.1.13 Free GlycerinTes

41、t Method D 6584.5.1.14 Phosphorus ContentTest Method D 4951.5.1.15 Distillation Temperature, Reduced PressureTestMethod D 1160.5.1.16 Calcium and Magnesium, combinedTest MethodEN 14538. Test Method UOP 389 may also be used. TestMethod EN 14538 shall be the referee test method.5.1.17 Sodium and Potas

42、sium, combinedTest MethodEN 14538. Test Method UOP 391 may also be used. TestMethod EN 14538 shall be the referee test method.5.1.18 Cold Soak FilterabilityThe test method in AnnexA1 shall be used to determine the cold soak filterability. B100TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Biodiesel (B100) (All S

43、ulfur Levels)Property Test MethodAGrade S15LimitsGrade S500LimitsUnitsCalcium and Magnesium, combined EN 14538 5 max 5 max ppm (g/g)Flash point (closed cup) D93 93 min 93 min CAlcohol controlOne of the following must be met:1. Methanol content EN 14110 0.2 max 0.2 max mass %2. Flash point D93 130 mi

44、n 130 min CWater and sediment D 2709 0.050 max 0.050 max % volumeKinematic viscosity, 40C D 445 1.9-6.0B1.96.0Bmm2/sSulfated ash D 874 0.020 max 0.020 max % massSulfurCD 5453 0.0015 max (15) 0.05 max (500) % mass (ppm)Copper strip corrosion D 130 No. 3 max No. 3 maxCetane number D 613 47 min 47 minC

45、loud point D 2500 ReportDReportDCCarbon residueED 4530 0.050 max 0.050 max % massAcid number D 664 0.50 max 0.50 max mg KOH/gCold soak filterability Annex A1 360 maxF360 maxFsecondsFree glycerin D 6584 0.020 max 0.020 max % massTotal glycerin D 6584 0.240 max 0.240 max % massPhosphorus content D 495

46、1 0.001 max 0.001 max % massDistillation temperature,Atmospheric equivalent temperature,90 % recoveredD 1160 360 max 360 max CSodium and Potassium, combined EN 14538 5 max 5 max ppm (g/g)Oxidation stability EN 14112 3 minimum 3 minimum hoursAThe test methods indicated are the approved referee method

47、s. Other acceptable methods are indicated in 5.1.BSee X1.3.1. The 6.0 mm2/s upper viscosity limit is higher than petroleum based diesel fuel and should be taken into consideration when blending.COther sulfur limits can apply in selected areas in the United States and in other countries.DThe cloud po

48、int of biodiesel is generally higher than petroleum based diesel fuel and should be taken into consideration when blending.ECarbon residue shall be run on the 100 % sample (see 5.1.11).FB100 intended for blending into diesel fuel that is expected to give satisfactory vehicle performance at fuel temp

49、eratures at or below 12C shall comply with a coldsoak filterability limit of 200 s maximum.D6751093intended for blending into diesel fuels that is expected to givesatisfactory vehicle performance at fuel temperatures at orbelow 12C shall comply with a cold soak filtration limit of200 s maximum. A cold soak filterability standard test methodis under development.NOTE 4Interim precision information is provided inAnnexA1 for thecold soak filterability test to give the user some indication of therepeatability and reproducibili