ASTM D6799-2008 516 Standard Terminology Relating to Inflatable Restraints《充气缓冲的相关标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: D 6799 08Standard Terminology Relating toInflatable Restraints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers terminology which is used in theevaluation of inflatable restraint fabrics, cushions, and mod-ules.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S

3、tandards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:abrasion, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a fuzzy cluster ofbroken filaments damaged by scraping.accelerated aging, nin textile processing and testing, the useof controlled e

4、nvironmental conditions to promote rapidphysical or chemical change in a textile material.DISCUSSIONFor inflatable restraints, practices for conducting accel-erated aging are designed to determine the aggravated effects on afabric from exposures to heat, humidity, or ozone, or a combinationthereof.

5、These environmental conditions may also be cycled in combi-nation. The four accelerated aging procedures of concern to the designand manufacture of inflatable restraints are referred to as cycle aging,heat aging, humidity aging, and ozone aging.air splice, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, the thic

6、kerportion of a yarn resulting from the entanglement of thefilaments at the ends of two multifilament yarns to create acontinuous yarn.average dynamic air permeability (ADAP), nfor inflatablerestraints, the average of all of DAP measurements within aspecified range of pressure differentials.bleedthr

7、ough, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics, thepresence of coating material on the uncoated side, betweentwo yarns, without covering either yarn.blip, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, any short, irregularlyshaped or textured portion of an individual multifilamentyarn that has been woven into t

8、he fabric, including sloughoffs, stripbacks, fuzz balls, snarls, and slubs.breakout pressure, nfor inflatable restraints, the pressurelevel during deployment which ruptures the module cover.broken filament, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, an indi-vidual filament, separated from a multifilament ya

9、rn bundle,that lies on the surface of the fabric.bruise, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a shift in thesquareness of the weave pattern in an area that has beensubjected to impact or pressure.coated fabric, na flexible material composed of a textilefabric and an adherent polymeric material applied

10、 to one orboth sides.coating slub, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics, anirregularly shaped lump of coating material on the surface ofthe coated layer resembling a yarn slub.coating streak, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics,minor variation in the color or opacity of the coated layer.coa

11、ting transfer, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics, thepresence of coating material on the uncoated side, coveringone or more yarns.contamination, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics, thepresence of non-coating material in the coated layer.cushion, nfor inflatable restraints, the inflatabl

12、e fabricenvelope portion of a module.cushion overpressurization, nfor inflatable restraints, theprocess of inflating a cushion at internal pressures greaterthan design deployment pressures; bag burst.defect, nspecific for inflatable restraints, an imperfection ina cut piece of fabric that judgment a

13、nd experience indicate islikely to result in either hazardous or improper deploymentof the inflatable restraint module in which the imperfectionis incorporated.DISCUSSIONAn example of a defect is a hole in the piece of fabricthrough which inflation gases can vent improperly.1This terminology is unde

14、r the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 6799 07.2For referenced ASTM standar

15、ds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

16、19428-2959, United States.deployment, nfor inflatable restraints, the sequence ofevents related to the activation of a module.dynamic air permeability (DAP), nfor inflatable restraints,the dynamic air permeability measured at a single specifiedpressure differential.edgecombing, nfor inflatable restr

17、aints, the separation ofyarns from their normal orthagonal configuration in a wovenfabric due to seam stress or similar action near the edge of acut partenvironmental conditions, nin textile testing, the atmo-sphere in which specified moisture levels, temperatureranges, and concentrations of gases a

18、re controlled.exponent of dynamic air permeability (EXP), nfor inflat-able restraints, a descriptive factor used in a mathematicalmodel integral to the apparatus software which relates thechange in dynamic air permeability as the pressure differen-tial changes.extractable matter, nfor inflatable res

19、traint fabrics, nonfibrous material in or on a textile, not including water, whichis removable by a specified solvent or solvents, as directed ina specified procedure.filling bar, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a temporarychange in the filling-wise density of the weave pattern. (Syn:stop/start m

20、ark.)finished, adjfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a descriptiveterm for fabric that has been treated after weaving and thatis suitable for coating or piece cutting.flat fabric, nfor inflatable restraints, fabric composed of asingle woven layer. (See also one-piece woven).fold over, nfor inflatable

21、 restraint fabrics, a hard ridgewhere a layer is overlapped upon itself where if applicablecoating integrity is compromised.foreign matter, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, an extrane-ous interwoven fragment whose size, color, or textureindicates that it is not of the same material as the fibers i

22、n thebase fabric.grading, nthe procedure used to identify and quantify thenumber of imperfections in a roll of fabric detected duringvisual inspection.hard contamination, nfor coated inflatable restraint fab-rics, the presence of non-coating material within or on thecoating layer, such material visi

23、bly appearing to be of largesize, coarse or sharp in texture, and of a thickness thatprotrudes significantly above the surface of the coating layer.DISCUSSIONExamples are metal filings, glass, plastic, or woodsplinters.DISCUSSIONSide lighting of fabric during fabric inspection may beused to determin

24、e how significantly contamination protrudes from thesurface of the fabric.heavy coating streak, nfor coated inflatable restraint fab-rics, a narrow area of fabric, generally in the shape of a lineoriented in the warp direction of the fabric, in which thecoating layer is visibly at a higher rate of c

25、overage than thesurrounding material.hole, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, an opening not char-acteristic of the normal weave pattern where one or moreyarns is cut, torn, or shifted.imperfection, na departure of a quality characteristic fromits intended level or state.inflatable restraint, na veh

26、icular safety device designed tocushion an occupant or equipment during collision; anairbag.inflator, nfor inflatable restraints, a device for generatingand directing expansion gases into a cushion.ink stain, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, presence ofmarking ink in an area of fabric not provided

27、 for identifica-tion by an applicable specification.kinky filling, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, an area of thefabric in which a short section of the weft yarn is folded backupon itself, causing the appearance of a thick or heavysection of yarn. This is contrasted to a loop in that the excessya

28、rn does not protrude from the surface of the fabric.light coating, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics, alocalized amorphous area of fabric in which the coating layeris visibly at a lower rate of coverage than the surroundingmaterial.light coating streak, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabric

29、s,a narrow area of light coating, generally in the shape of a lineoriented in the warp direction of the fabric.long float, nfor inflatable restraints fabrics, a small changein the weave pattern where a warp or filling yarn extendsover six or more filling or warp yarns with which it shouldbe interlac

30、ed.loop, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a continuous yarn thatcurls back on itself and protrudes from the surface of thefabric. (Syn. kink, snag.)major imperfection, nin fabric grading, a deviation in a rollof fabric that judgment and experience indicate is likely tohave an adverse affect on sub

31、sequent use or processing of thefabric.DISCUSSIONExamples of major imperfections are a yarn loop thatcould become snagged upon deployment of the cushion and a fabricstain that could affect the physical properties of the material.marking ink, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, pigment inthe shape of

32、characters or patterns intentionally applied onfabric for the purpose of identification.maximum inflation pressure, nfor inflatable restraints, themaximum internal cushion pressure occurring after breakoutpressure.minor imperfection, nin fabric grading, a deviation in a rollof fabric that judgment a

33、nd experience indicate is likely tohave no bearing on subsequent use or processing of thefabric.DISCUSSIONExamples of minor imperfections are a seam mark anda stop/start mark.missing coating, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics,portions of the coated layer containing exposed base fabricor scrap

34、e marks in the coated layer.missing yarn, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a yarndiscontinuity resulting in a change in weave pattern.misweave, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a change in theweave pattern caused by incorrect interlacing or insertion ofa yarn. (Includes mispick, wrong, draw, jer

35、k-in.)D6799082module, nfor inflatable restraints, an assembly composed ofan inflator, cushion, mounting device, trigger, and cover.one-piece woven, adjfor inflatable restraints, a descriptiverelated to either 1) a tubulary woven fabric composed oftwo-layer inflatable sections, visible lines where th

36、e twolayers initially interlace, and non-inflatable woven sections,or 2) the cushion cut from such fabric.DISCUSSIONUnder certain designs, a weaving machine is capable ofsimultaneously weaving two separate layers of fabric, one over theother, with tight interlacings selectively woven between them. W

37、herethe layers are not interlaced, the fabric is capable of being inflated;where they are interlaced, inflation is not possible. Although the patternin the fabric described by the visible line where the two inflatable layersinterlace may be a complex shape other than a tube, the construction iscommo

38、nly referred to as tubularly woven. such weaving methods aresometimes used to minimize sewn seams in the manufacture ofinflatable restraint cushions.packability, nfor inflatable restraints, the compressibility ofa folded airbag cushion relative to the space available in anairbag module.rework, nfor

39、inflatable restraints, the deviation from normalprocess flow remedially altering finished fabric, coatedfabric, or cut pieces for the purpose of minimizing orremoving a major imperfection.seam efficiency, nin inflatable restraints, the ratio of seamstrength to fabric strength.seam failure, nin infla

40、table restraints, the point at which anexternal force ruptures a seam assembly or the fabric, orcauses excessive yarn slippage adjacent to the seam assem-bly.seam slippage, nin sewn fabrics, the displacement of fabricyarn parallel and adjacent to the stitch line.seam strength, nin inflatable restrai

41、nts, the maximum forcerequired to create a seam failure.sharp crease, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a sharp ridgethat can be felt easily, caused by a hard folding of the fabricover itself not by design.short float, nfor inflatable restraints fabrics, a warp orfilling yarn extending over five or

42、 fewer filling or warp yarnswith which it should be interlaced.short knot, nfor inflatable restraints fabrics, a small knob ofyarn and associated tails where two yarns are tied togetherby interlocking loops for the purpose of maintaining yarncontinuity.sizing, nfor inflatable restraints fabrics, , a

43、 generic term forcompounds which, when applied to yarn or fabric, form amore or less continuous solid film around the yarn andindividual fibers.soft contamination, nfor coated inflatable restraint fabrics,the presence of non-coating material within or on the coatinglayer, such material visibly appea

44、ring to be of small size,smooth in surface texture, and of a thickness that does notprotrude significantly above the surface of the coating layer.DISCUSSIONExamples are dirt smudge, lint, human hair, yarnfilaments, and flies and similarly small insects.DISCUSSIONSide lighting of fabric during fabric

45、 inspection may beused to determine how significantly contamination protrudes from thesurface of the fabric.specific packability, nfor inflatable restraints, volumetricindex of compressibility for a folded fabric specimen mea-sured at specified levels of compression.spit mark, nfor coated inflatable

46、 restraint fabrics,anessentially round spot of coating material on the surface ofthe coated layer.standard atmosphere for testing textiles, nan atmospherefor testing in which the air is maintained at a relativehumidity of 65+2% and at a temperature of 21+1 C (70 + 2F).stitching, nfor one-piece woven

47、 inflatable restraint fabrics,the presence of an interlace between two layers of fabric inan area not provided for interlacing by an applicablespecification.tight yarn, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a yarn with lesscrimp than surrounding fibers that may create puckering,which may appear to be s

48、hinier or to lie straighter in theweave pattern, or a combination thereof.yarn slippage, nin sewn fabrics, the displacement of one ormore yarns from the original position, causing differences inalignment, spacing or both.yarn streak, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, discolorationof an individual y

49、arn that does not affect adjacent yarns.4. Keywords4.1 airbag; inflatable restraintASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and